In Tzav (“Command”), God tells Moses about the sacrifices offered in the Tabernacle (portable sanctuary), including a meal offering brought by the high priest, guilt offerings, and offerings of thanks. Moses initiates Aaron and Aaron’s sons for priestly service in the Tabernacle.
Notable Sources
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Rituals and Righteousness
MIDRASH
Immediately before Parashat Tzav opens with a discussion of the burnt offering, the Torah discusses cases of theft and dishonesty and the requirements to return stolen items and make amends. Midrash Tanchuma, a medieval collection of midrash, understands this juxtaposition as highlighting the important connection between ritual performance and ethical conduct.
The Personal Gift of Peace-Offerings
COMMENTARY
Peace offerings are distinct from the different types of sin offerings in that they are brought directly by the one offering them to God. Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz, a 17th-century chief rabbi of Prague, delves into the reasons for this distinction in his Torah commentary.
The Miraculous Anointing Oil
MIDRASH
The anointing oil used by Moses in the desert was so miraculous that a small amount sufficed for countless anointments. The Sifra, an ancient midrash on the book of Leviticus, explores the divine nature of the anointing oil and its role in sanctifying leaders and sacred objects.
Unyielding Flame of Faith
CHASIDUT
Parashat Tzav describes the perpetual fire of the altar and removal of the ashes for the daily burnt offering. Rebbe Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter of Ger, a Chasidic leader known for his Torah commentary, Sefat Emet, connects these rituals to one's daily spiritual life.
The Ethical Implications of Consuming Blood
HALAKHAH
Parashat Tzav prohibits eating blood. Sefer HaChinukh, the 13th-century enumeration and explanation of each biblical commandment, explores the philosophical and ethical reasoning behind the prohibition of consuming blood.
Aaron in front of the golden candlestick with seven branches, executed as prescribed by Lord, Marc Chagall. Paris c 1931 (Fair Use License)
Aaron in front of the golden candlestick with seven branches, executed as prescribed by Lord, Marc Chagall. Paris c 1931 (Fair Use License)
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