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Man and His Fellow
Halakhic Principles
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A
Do not deal basely with members of your people. Do not profit by the blood of your fellow [Israelite]: I am יהוה. You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart. Reprove your kin but incur no guilt on their account. You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people. Love your fellow [Israelite] as yourself: I am יהוה.
Leviticus 19:16-18
You shall not steal; you shall not deal deceitfully or falsely with one another. You shall not swear falsely by My name, profaning the name of your God: I am יהוה. You shall not defraud your fellow [Israelite]. You shall not commit robbery. The wages of a laborer shall not remain with you until morning. You shall not insult the deaf, or place a stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear your God: I am יהוה.
Leviticus 19:11-14
MISHNA:
Despite
the fact
that
the assailant who caused damage
gives to
the victim all of the required payments for the injury, his transgression is
not forgiven for him
in the heavenly court
until he requests
forgiveness
from
the victim,
as it is stated
that God told Abimelech after he had taken Sarah from Abraham:
“Now therefore restore the wife
of the man; for he is a prophet, and he shall pray for you, and you shall live” (Genesis 20:7)…
Bava Kamma 92a:4-93a:3
8) And whence is it derived that if you can testify on someone's behalf, you are not permitted to remain silent? From "You shall not stand by the blood of your neighbor." And whence is it derived that if you see someone drowning in the river or being waylaid by robbers or attacked by a wild beast, that you must rescue him? From "You shall not stand by the blood of your neighbor." And whence is it derived that (if you see) a man pursuing another to kill him or to sodomize him, or after a betrothed maiden…
Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 4 8
Rabbi Joshua said: an evil eye, the evil inclination, and hatred for humankind put a person out of the world.
Pirkei Avot 2:11
Each man is commanded to love each and every one of Israel as himself as [Leviticus 19:18] states: "Love your neighbor as yourself."
Therefore, one should speak the praises of [others] and show concern for their money just as he is concerned with his own money and seeks his own honor.
Whoever gains honor through the degradation of a colleague does not have a share in the world to come.
Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 6:3
"in the L-rd's hatred of us": Is it possible that the Holy One Blessed be He hates Israel? Is it not written (Malachi 1:2) "I have loved you, said the L-rd"? It is, rather, they, who hate the Holy One Blessed be He (as per the folk saying: "As you are disposed to another you think him disposed to you.")
Sifrei Devarim 24:3
Rather,
the judge must assure that
the
true
judgment will
prevail at all costs and metaphorically
pierce the mountain, as it is stated: “For the judgment is God’s”
(Deuteronomy 1:17).
And similarly, Moses would say: Let the judgment pierce the mountain. But
by contrast,
Aaron,
whose role was not that of a judge, was
a lover of peace and a pursuer of peace, and
he
would apply peace between
one
person and the other, as it is stated: “The law of truth was in his mouth, and unrighteousness was not found in his lips…
Sanhedrin 6b:3
The guilty one may be given up to forty lashes, but not more, lest being flogged further, to excess, your peer be degraded before your eyes.
Deuteronomy 25:3
GEMARA:
The Sages taught:
It is written:
“And you shall not mistreat [
tonu
] one man his colleague;
and you shall fear your God, for I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 25:17). The
tanna
explains:
The verse is speaking with regard to verbal mistreatment.
The
baraita
proceeds: Do
you say
that it is speaking of
verbal mistreatment [
be’ona’at devarim
], or
perhaps
it is
speaking
only with regard to monetary exploitation [
be’ona’at mammon
]? When it says
in a previous verse:
“And if you sell to your…
Bava Metzia 58b:7-59a:3
And judge everyone favorably.
There is a story of a young woman who was kidnapped, and two pious men went to pay her ransom. One of them went into a brothel. When he came out, he said to his friend: What did you suspect (when you saw me go in there)? He replied: Only that you were trying to find out what her ransom would be. He said: That is in fact what happened. And just as you judged me favorably, so the Holy Blessed One will judge you favorably.”
Avot DeRabbi Natan 8:7
And Rabbi Ḥanina says: One who slaps the cheek of a Jew
is considered
as though he slapped the cheek of the Divine Presence; as it is stated: “It is a snare [
mokesh
] for a man to rashly say [
yala
]: Holy”
(Proverbs 20:25). The verse is interpreted homiletically to mean: One who strikes [
nokesh
] a Jew is considered as though he hurt the cheek [
lo’a
] of the Holy One. The Gemara states
a mnemonic
for the upcoming statements of Reish Lakish:
Raises, his slave, Shabbat…
Sanhedrin 58b:18-19
And acquire for yourself a friend.
How so? This teaches that a person should acquire a friend for himself who will eat with him, and drink with him, and study Scripture and Mishnah with him, and go to sleep with him, and tell him all his secrets, both secrets of the Torah and secrets of the ways of the world. For when they sit and engage in Torah together, and one of them makes a mistake in the law, or the division of chapters, or declares an impure thing pure, or a pure thing impure, [or a forbidden thing permitted or a permitted thing forbidden, then his friend will correct him…
Avot DeRabbi Natan 8:3
He addressed the community, saying, “Move away from the tents of these wicked men and touch nothing that belongs to them, lest you be wiped out for all their sins.”
Numbers 16:26
§
The Sages taught
in a
baraita
:
“You shall not hate your brother in your heart;
you shall rebuke [
hokhe’aḥ tokhiaḥ
] your neighbor, and do not bear sin because of him” (Leviticus 19:17). Why does the verse specify “in your heart”? One
might
have thought that the verse means:
Do not hit him, do not slap him, and do not ruin him
due to hatred. Therefore
the verse states “in your heart.”
This teaches that
the verse speaks
of
hatred in the heart.
Arakhin 16b:4
Hatred of Others
. How so? This teaches that a person should not say: Love the sages, but hate the scholars; or: Love the scholars, but hate the common people. Rather, love all of them, but hate the heretics, the enticers, the bad influences, and the traitors. So, too, did David say (Psalms 139:21–22), “I will hate those who hate You, O Lord, and I will despise those who rise up against You. With the utmost hatred I will hate them. They will become my enemies.” But it also says (Leviticus 19:18), “[You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people…
Avot DeRabbi Natan 16:4
Rabbi Yehoshua would say: The Evil Eye, the Evil Urge, and the hatred of others take a person out of the world.
The Evil Eye.
How so? This teaches that a person should regard his friend’s household just as he regards his own household. And just as a person does not want people to say disparaging things about his wife and children, so he should not want people to say disparaging things about his friend’s wife and children. Another interpretation:
The Evil Eye
. How so? A person should not look askance at his friend’s learning…
Avot DeRabbi Natan 16:1
לא יסיף HE SHALL NOT EXCEED — From here is derived the prohibition referring to one who strikes his fellow man (Sanhedrin 86b; cf. Ketubot 33a).
Rashi on Deuteronomy 25:3:1
At first, a person who admonishes a colleague should not speak to him harshly until he becomes embarrassed as [Leviticus 19:17] states: "[You should]... not bear a sin because of him." This is what our Sages said: Should you rebuke him to the point that his face changes [color]? The Torah states: "[You should]... not bear a sin because of him."
From this, [we learn that] it is forbidden for a person to embarrass a [fellow] Jew. How much more so [is it forbidden to embarrass him] in public. Even though a person who embarrasses a colleague is not [liable for] lashes on account of him…
Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 6:8
(Devarim 13:9) "You shall feel no affection for him": Because it is written (Vayikra 19:12) "And you shall love your neighbor as yourself," I might think that you shall love this one (the inciter), too; it is, therefore, written "You shall feel no affection for him." Because it is written (Shemoth 23:5) "Unload shall you unload (his animal) with him," I might think that you should unload for this one, too; it is, therefore, written "and you shall not hearken to him."
Sifrei Devarim 89:1-2
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ראו גם
Middot
Hate
Repentance (Teshuvah)
Oppression
Yom Kippur
Friendship
Derekh Eretz
Forgiveness
Embarrassment
Elul
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דפי מקורות
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