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Laws of Kneading on Shabbat
Laws of the Calendar
Sources
A
GEMARA:
We learned in the mishna that one may not forcibly overfeed a camel on Shabbat. The Gemara asks:
What is
meaning of:
One may not forcibly overfeed? Rav Yehuda said: One may not
feed a camel to the point that
it creates a trough inside of its stomach.
The Gemara asks:
Is there
the possibility of feeding a camel
in that manner?
The Gemara answers:
Yes; and as Rav Yirmeya of Difti said: I saw
an
Arab who fed
his camel
a
kor
of food
and loaded it
with another
kor
on its back…
Shabbat 155b:4-156a:3
Rav Ḥisda said: And they do not disagree,
as each is referring to a different case.
This,
where Shmuel said that one recites: Who creates the various kinds of nourishment,
is in
a case where the mixture is
thick,
while
this,
where Rav said that one recites: By Whose word all things came to be,
is in
a case where the mixture is
thin.
When it is
thick, he made it as food;
therefore one recites a blessing just as he would over any food made from the five species of grain…
Berakhot 38a:9
A person who creates a mixture of small particles and water is liable for [performing a derivative of the forbidden labor of] kneading. Therefore, one may not make a mixture of a large amount of roasted flour, lest one come to knead unroasted flour. One may, however, mix [small amounts] of roasted [flour] a little at a time.
In contrast,
shatit
, i.e., grain that has not matured to a third of its fullness and is roasted and coarsely ground, resembles sand. Large quantities of it may be mixed with vinegar and the like at once, provided the mixture is soft…
Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 21:33-36
The Gemara asks:
And perhaps, what is
the meaning of
ashes [
efer
]
mentioned here? Perhaps it is
soil [
afar
], which can be kneaded.
In that case he is not liable until he actually kneads the mixture. However, with regard to ashes, which cannot be kneaded, Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, also holds that even if he did not actually knead the mixture he is liable. The Gemara rejects this:
Wasn’t
the dispute
taught
in one
baraita
with regard to
ashes…
Shabbat 18a:4
The Gemara asks:
Is that so? Didn’t Rav Huna say
that
Rabbi Ḥanina said: One may position his animal over grass on Shabbat,
even grass that is growing in the ground, and there is no concern lest he detach the grass and feed the animal;
however,
he may
not
position the animal
over
an item that is
set aside on Shabbat,
since there is concern lest one lift the item with his hand. The grass that the gentile collects for himself is certainly set aside, so why may the Jew feed it to his animal? The Gemara answers: Indeed…
Shabbat 122a:7
The Gemara asks:
And
if the actual handling of the hay is prohibited, is it
permitted to stand
one’s animal next to the haystack and let it eat?
Didn’t Rav Huna say
that
Rabbi Ḥanina said: A person may stand his animal on
a patch of
grass on Shabbat,
as he will certainly be careful not to pull out grass for the animal, due to the severity of the Torah prohibition involved. However,
a person may not stand his animal on set-aside
items
on Shabbat.
As the prohibition of set-aside is rabbinic in origin…
Eruvin 79a:10-11
14. It is forbidden to knead a large amount of flour ground from roasted wheat lest one will knead flour that is not roasted. It is permitted to knead roasted flour a little at a time. Wheat that has not reached a third of its growth that was roasted and roughly ground and it is like sand and called “shtitah” may be mixed with vinegar and the like, even a large quantity at once, on condition that the result is a loose mixture. A firm one is forbidden because it looks like kneading. (Even when kneading a loose mixture) it must be modified in such a manner that one first puts the shtitah and…
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 321:14
9. One is permitted to cut cooked or roasted meat finely with a knife.
RAMA: However it is forbidden to cut raw meat finely for chickens, because since they cannot eat it without being finely cut, it is considered making it a food. [Terumas HaDeshen] [See further in Siman 324:7]
Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 321:9
A person who sifts [an amount of flour the size of] a dried fig is liable.
A person who kneads [dough the size of] a dried fig is liable. Mixing earth [for use as cement] is a derivative of kneading. What is the minimum amount for which one is liable? The amount necessary to make a crucible for a goldsmith. The activity of mixing cement cannot be performed with ash, coarse sand, bran, or the like.
A person who places sesame seeds, flax seeds, or the like in water is liable for kneading, because they become attached to each other.
Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 8:16
Laws of the Calendar
דיני הלוח העברי
General Laws of Prohibited Work on Shabbat
Laws of Desecrating Shabbat for the Sake of Saving Lives
Rabbinical Shabbat Prohibitions
Laws of Shabbat Lights
Laws of Work Done on Shabbat
Main and Sub Categories of Work
Laws of Plowing on Shabbat
Laws of Planting on Shabbat
Laws of Reaping on Shabbat
Laws of Gathering on Shabbat
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