(ח) עַל כָּל צָרָה שֶׁלֹּא תָבֹא עַל הַצִּבּוּר, מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן, חוּץ מֵרוֹב גְּשָׁמִים. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁאָמְרוּ לוֹ לְחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל, הִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ גְשָׁמִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, צְאוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ תַנּוּרֵי פְסָחִים, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יִמּוֹקוּ. הִתְפַּלֵּל, וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְשָׁמִים. מֶה עָשָׂה, עָג עוּגָה וְעָמַד בְּתוֹכָהּ, וְאָמַר לְפָנָיו, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בָּנֶיךָ שָׂמוּ פְנֵיהֶם עָלַי, שֶׁאֲנִי כְבֶן בַּיִת לְפָנֶיךָ. נִשְׁבָּע אֲנִי בְשִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁאֵינִי זָז מִכָּאן, עַד שֶׁתְּרַחֵם עַל בָּנֶיךָ. הִתְחִילוּ גְּשָׁמִים מְנַטְּפִין. אָמַר, לֹא כָךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי בוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. הִתְחִילוּ לֵירֵד בְּזָעַף. אָמַר, לֹא כָךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי רָצוֹן, בְּרָכָה וּנְדָבָה. יָרְדוּ כְתִקְנָן, עַד שֶׁיָּצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִירוּשָׁלַיִם לְהַר הַבַּיִת מִפְּנֵי הַגְּשָׁמִים. בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִתְפַּלַלְתָּ עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ כָּךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁיֵּלְכוּ לָהֶן. אָמַר לָהֶן, צְאוּ וּרְאוּ אִם נִמְחֵת אֶבֶן הַטּוֹעִים. שָׁלַח לוֹ שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שָׁטָח, אִלְמָלֵא חוֹנִי אַתָּה, גּוֹזְרַנִי עָלֶיךָ נִדּוּי. אֲבָל מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לְּךָ, שֶׁאַתָּה מִתְחַטֵּא לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם וְעוֹשֶׂה לְךָ רְצוֹנְךָ כְּבֵן שֶׁהוּא מִתְחַטֵּא עַל אָבִיו וְעוֹשֶׂה לוֹ רְצוֹנוֹ. וְעָלֶיךָ הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (משלי כג), יִשְׂמַח אָבִיךָ וְאִמֶּךָ וְתָגֵל יוֹלַדְתֶּךָ:
(8) For any trouble that should not befall the community, except for an overabundance of rain, they cry out. An incident - the people said to Choni the Circle-Drawer "Pray that rain should fall". He said to them: Go out and bring in the Pesach ovens, so that they will not dissolve. He prayed, and no rain fell. What did he do? He drew a circle and stood inside it and said before God: Ruler of the Universe, Your children have turned their faces toward me, as I am like a member of Your household. I take an oath by Your great name that I will not move from here until You have mercy upon Your children. Rain began to trickle. He said: I did not ask for this, but rain to fill the cisterns, ditches, and caves. It began to fall furiously. He said: I did not ask for this, but for rain of benevolence, blessing, and generosity. Rains fell in their standard manner until all of the Jews exited Jerusalem and came to the Temple Mount due to the rain. They came and said to him: Just as you prayed over that they should fall, so too, pray that they should stop! He said to them: Go out and see if the Claimants’ Stone has been washed away.
Shimon ben Shetach relayed to him: Were you not Choni, I would have decreed that you be ostracized, but what can I do to you? You nag God and God does your bidding, like a son who nags his father and his father does his bidding. About you, the verse states: “Let your father and your mother be glad, and let her who bore you rejoice” (Proverbs 23:25).
מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁשָּׁלְחוּ לְחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל וְכוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: פַּעַם אַחַת יָצָא רוֹב אֲדָר וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים, שָׁלְחוּ לְחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל: הִתְפַּלֵּל וְיֵרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים! הִתְפַּלֵּל, וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים. עָג עוּגָה וְעָמַד בְּתוֹכָהּ, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה חֲבַקּוּק הַנָּבִיא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עַל מִשְׁמַרְתִּי אֶעֱמֹדָה וְאֶתְיַצְּבָה עַל מָצוֹר וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! בָּנֶיךָ שָׂמוּ פְּנֵיהֶם עָלַי, שֶׁאֲנִי כְּבֶן בַּיִת לְפָנֶיךָ. נִשְׁבָּע אֲנִי בְּשִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁאֵינִי זָז מִכָּאן עַד שֶׁתְּרַחֵם עַל בָּנֶיךָ. הִתְחִילוּ גְּשָׁמִים מְנַטְּפִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו: רַבִּי! רְאִינוּךְ וְלֹא נָמוּת, כִּמְדוּמִּין אָנוּ שֶׁאֵין גְּשָׁמִים יוֹרְדִין אֶלָּא לְהַתִּיר שְׁבוּעָתְךָ. אָמַר: לֹא כָּךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. יָרְדוּ בְּזַעַף, עַד שֶׁכׇּל טִפָּה וְטִפָּה כִּמְלֹא פִּי חָבִית. וְשִׁיעֲרוּ חֲכָמִים שֶׁאֵין טִפָּה פְּחוּתָה מִלּוֹג. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו: רַבִּי, רְאִינוּךְ וְלֹא נָמוּת, כִּמְדוּמִּין אָנוּ שֶׁאֵין גְּשָׁמִים יוֹרְדִין אֶלָּא לְאַבֵּד הָעוֹלָם. אָמַר לְפָנָיו: לֹא כָּךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי רָצוֹן בְּרָכָה וּנְדָבָה. יָרְדוּ כְּתִיקְנָן, עַד שֶׁעָלוּ כׇּל הָעָם לְהַר הַבַּיִת, מִפְּנֵי הַגְּשָׁמִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: רַבִּי, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִתְפַּלַּלְתָּ שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ, כָּךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל וְיֵלְכוּ לָהֶם. אָמַר לָהֶם: כָּךְ מְקוּבְּלַנִי שֶׁאֵין מִתְפַּלְּלִין עַל רוֹב הַטּוֹבָה. אַף עַל פִּי כֵן, הָבִיאוּ לִי פַּר הוֹדָאָה. הֵבִיאוּ לוֹ פַּר הוֹדָאָה, סָמַךְ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עָלָיו, וְאָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוֹצֵאתָ מִמִּצְרַיִם אֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לֹא בְּרוֹב טוֹבָה וְלֹא בְּרוֹב פּוּרְעָנוּת. כָּעַסְתָּ עֲלֵיהֶם — אֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לַעֲמוֹד, הִשְׁפַּעְתָּ עֲלֵיהֶם טוֹבָה — אֵינָן יְכוֹלִין לַעֲמוֹד, יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ שֶׁיִּפָּסְקוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים, וִיהֵא רֶיוַח בָּעוֹלָם. מִיָּד נָשְׁבָה הָרוּחַ, וְנִתְפַּזְּרוּ הֶעָבִים, וְזָרְחָה הַחַמָּה, וְיָצְאוּ הָעָם לַשָּׂדֶה וְהֵבִיאוּ לָהֶם כְּמֵהִין וּפִטְרִיּוֹת. שָׁלַח לוֹ שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שָׁטַח: אִלְמָלֵא חוֹנִי אַתָּה, גּוֹזְרַנִי עָלֶיךָ נִידּוּי. שֶׁאִילּוּ שָׁנִים כִּשְׁנֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ שֶׁמַּפְתְּחוֹת גְּשָׁמִים בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁל אֵלִיָּהוּ, לֹא נִמְצָא שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם מִתְחַלֵּל עַל יָדְךָ, אֲבָל מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לְךָ, שֶׁאַתָּה מִתְחַטֵּא לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם וְעוֹשֶׂה לְךָ רְצוֹנְךָ, כְּבֵן שֶׁמִּתְחַטֵּא עַל אָבִיו וְעוֹשֶׂה לוֹ רְצוֹנוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ: אַבָּא, הוֹלִיכַנִי לְרׇחְצֵנִי בְּחַמִּין. שׇׁטְפֵנִי בְּצוֹנֵן. תֵּן לִי אֱגוֹזִים, שְׁקֵדִים, אֲפַרְסְקִים וְרִמּוֹנִים — וְנוֹתֵן לוֹ. וְעָלֶיךָ הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: ״יִשְׂמַח אָבִיךָ וְאִמֶּךָ וְתָגֵל יוֹלַדְתֶּךָ״.
An incident - the people sent a message to Choni the Circle-Drawer etc.
The Sages taught: Once, most of Adar had passed but rain had not fallen. They sent to Choni the Circle-Drawer: Pray, and rain will fall. He prayed, but no rain fell. He drew a circle and stood inside it, in the manner that the prophet Habakkuk did, as it is stated: “And I will stand upon my watch and set myself upon the tower...” (Habakkuk 2:1).
Choni said before God: Ruler of the Universe, Your children have turned their faces toward me, as I am like a member of Your household. I take an oath by Your great name that I will not move from here until you have mercy upon Your children. Rain began to trickle. His students said to him: Rabbi, we have seen you and we will not die. It appears to us that rain is falling only to release your oath.
Choni said to God: I did not ask for this, but rain for cisterns, ditches, and caves. It began to fall furiously, until each and every drop was as the mouth of a barrel, and the Sages estimated that no drop was less than a log. His students said to him: Rabbi, we have seen you and we will not die, but it appears to us that rain is falling only to destroy the world. Choni again said before God: I did not ask for this, but for rain of benevolence, blessing, and generosity. They fell in their standard manner, until all of the people ascended to the Temple Mount due to the rain. They said to him: Rabbi, just as you prayed that they should fall, so too, pray that they should stop. He said to them: This is the tradition that I received, that one does not pray over an excess of good. Nevertheless, bring me a bull, as a thanks-offering. They brought him a bull for a thanks-offering. He placed his two hands on its head and said before God: Ruler of the Universe, Your nation Israel, whom You brought out of Egypt, cannot bear either an excess of good or an excess of punishment. You grew angry with them and they are unable to bear it. You bestowed upon them good, and they were also unable to bear it. May it be Your will that the rain stop and that there be relief for the world. Immediately, the wind blew, the clouds dispersed, the sun shone, and everyone went out to the fields and gathered for themselves truffles and mushrooms.
Shimon ben Shetach sent to him: If you were not Choni, I would have decreed ostracism upon you. For were these years like the years of Elijah, when the keys of rain in Elijah’s hands, wouldn’t the name of Heaven have been desecrated by your oath? However, what can I do to you, as you nag God and God does your bidding, like a son who nags his father and his father does his bidding. And the son says to his father: Father, take me to be bathed in hot water; wash me with cold water; give me nuts, almonds, peaches, and pomegranates. And his father gives him. About you, the verse states: “Your father and mother will be glad and she who bore you will rejoice” (Proverbs 23:25).
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מָה שָׁלְחוּ בְּנֵי לִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית לְחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל — ״וְתִגְזַר אֹמֶר וְיָקׇם לָךְ וְעַל דְּרָכֶיךָ נָגַהּ אוֹר״. ״וְתִגְזַר אֹמֶר״ — אַתָּה גָּזַרְתָּ מִלְּמַטָּה, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקַיֵּים מַאֲמָרְךָ מִלְמַעְלָה. ״וְעַל דְּרָכֶיךָ נָגַהּ אוֹר״ — דּוֹר שֶׁהָיָה אָפֵל הֵאַרְתָּ בִּתְפִלָּתֶךָ. ״כִּי הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָה״ — דּוֹר שֶׁהָיָה שָׁפֵל הִגְבַּהְתּוֹ בִּתְפִלָּתֶךָ. ״וְשַׁח עֵינַיִם יוֹשִׁעַ״ — דּוֹר שֶׁשַּׁח בַּעֲוֹנוֹ הוֹשַׁעְתּוֹ בִּתְפִלָּתֶךָ. ״יְמַלֵּט אִי נָקִי״ — דּוֹר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה נָקִי מִלַּטְתּוֹ בִּתְפִלָּתֶךָ. ״וְנִמְלַט בְּבֹר כַּפֶּיךָ״ — מִלַּטְתּוֹ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיךָ הַבְּרוּרִין.
The Sages taught: What message did the members of the Chamber of the Hewn Stone, the Great Sanhedrin, send to Choni the Circle-Drawer? “You shall also decree a matter, and it shall be established for you; and the light shall shine upon your ways. When they cast down, you will say: There is lifting up, for God saves the humble person. God will deliver the one who is not innocent and he will be delivered through the cleanness of your hands” (Job 22:28–30). They interpreted: “You shall also decree a matter”; you decree from below, and the Holy Blessed One fulfills your statement from above. “And the light shall shine upon your ways”; a generation that was in darkness, you have illuminated it with your prayer. “When they cast down, you will say: There is lifting up”; a generation that was cast down, you lifted it up with your prayer. “For God saves the humble person”; a generation that was humble in its transgression, you saved it through your prayer. “God will deliver the one who is not innocent”; a generation that was not innocent, you have delivered it through your prayer. “And he will be delivered through the cleanness of your hands”; you have delivered an undeserving generation through the clean work of your hands.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כׇּל יָמָיו שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ צַדִּיק, הָיָה מִצְטַעֵר עַל מִקְרָא זֶה: ״שִׁיר הַמַּעֲלוֹת בְּשׁוּב יהוה אֶת שִׁיבַת צִיּוֹן הָיִינוּ כְּחֹלְמִים״, אָמַר: מִי אִיכָּא דְּנָיֵים שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין בְּחֶלְמָא? יוֹמָא חַד הֲוָה אָזֵל בְּאוֹרְחָא, חַזְיֵיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דַּהֲוָה נָטַע חָרוּבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַאי, עַד כַּמָּה שְׁנִין טָעֵין? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: עַד שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פְּשִׁיטָא לָךְ דְּחָיֵית שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין? אֲמַר לֵיהּ הַאי גַּבְרָא: עָלְמָא בְּחָרוּבָא אַשְׁכַּחְתֵּיהּ. כִּי הֵיכִי דִּשְׁתַלוּ לִי אֲבָהָתִי — שְׁתַלִי נָמֵי לִבְרָאִי. יָתֵיב, קָא כָּרֵיךְ רִיפְתָּא, אֲתַאי לֵיהּ שִׁינְתָּא, נִים. אַהְדַּרָא לֵיהּ מְשּׁוּנִּיתָא, אִיכַּסִּי מֵעֵינָא, וְנִים שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין. כִּי קָם, חַזְיֵיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּהוּא קָא מְלַקֵּט מִינַּיְיהוּ, אָמַר לֵיהּ: אַתְּ הוּא דִּשְׁתַלְתֵּיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בַּר בְּרֵיהּ אֲנָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ דִּנְיַימִי שִׁבְעִין שְׁנִין. חֲזָא לַחֲמָרְ[תֵּ]יהּ דְּאִתְיְילִידָא לַיהּ רַמְכֵי רַמְכֵי. אֲזַל לְבֵיתֵיהּ אֲמַר לְהוּ: בְּרֵיהּ דְּחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל מִי קַיָּים? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בְּרֵיהּ לֵיתֵאּ, בַּר בְּרֵיהּ אִיתֵאּ. אֲמַר לְהוּ: אֲנָא חוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל. לָא הֵימְנוּהוּ. אֲזַל לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, שַׁמְעִינְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן דְּקָאָמְרִי: נְהִירָן שְׁמַעְתָּתִין כְּבִשְׁנֵי חוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל, דְּכִי הָוֵי עָיֵיל לְבֵית מִדְרְשָׁא — כֹּל קוּשְׁיָא דַּהֲווֹ לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן הֲוָה מְפָרֵק לְהוּ. אָמַר לְהוּ: אֲנָא נִיהוּ, וְלָא הֵימְנוּהוּ, וְלָא עָבְדִי לֵיהּ יְקָרָא כִּדְמִבְּעֵי לֵיהּ. חֲלַשׁ דַּעְתֵּיהּ, בְּעָא רַחֲמֵי, וּמִית. אָמַר רָבָא: הַיְינוּ דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי: אוֹ חַבְרוּתָא אוֹ מִיתוּתָא.
Rabbi Yochanan said: All the days of that righteous man, Choni, he was distressed over this verse: “A song of Ascents: When the Eternal brought back those who returned to Zion, we were like those who dream” (Psalms 126:1). He said: Is there someone who can sleep and dream for seventy years? One day, he was walking along the road when he saw a certain man planting a carob tree. Choni said to him: This tree, after how many years will it bear? The man said to him: Not until seventy years. He said to him: Is it obvious to you that you will live seventy years? He said to him: That man found a world full of carob trees. Just as my ancestors planted for me, I too am planting for my descendants. Choni sat and ate bread. Sleep overcame him and he slept. A cliff formed around him, and he disappeared from sight and slept for seventy years. When he awoke, he saw a certain man gathering carobs. Choni said to him: Are you the one who planted? The man said to him: I am his son’s son. He said to him: I can learn from this that I have slept for seventy years, and indeed he saw that his donkey had sired several herds. Choni went home and said to them: Is the son of Choni the Circle-Drawer alive? They said to him: His son is not, but his son’s son is . He said to them: I am Choni the Circle-Drawer. They did not believe him. He went to the study hall, where he heard the Sages say: His laws are as enlightening as in the years of Choni the Circle-Drawer, for when Choni would enter the study hall he would resolve for the Sages any difficulty they had. He said to them: I am he, but they did not believe him and did not pay him proper respect. He became very upset, prayed for mercy, and died. Rava said: This explains what people say: Either fellowship or death.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן גֵּירִיָּא. הָדֵין חוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל בַּר בְּרִיהּ דְּחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל הֲוָה סְמִיךְ לְחָרְבַּן בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא. נְפַק לְטוּרָא לְגַבֵּי פָעֲלֵיי. עַד דּוּ תַמָּן נְחַת מִיטְרָא. עָאַל לֵיהּ לִמְעַרְתָּא. מִן יְתִיב נָם וּדְמָךְ לֵיהּ. וַעֲבַד שְׁקִיעַ בְּשִׁינְתֵּיהּ שׁוּבְעִין שְׁנִין עַד דַּחֲרַב בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא וְאִיתְבְּנִי זְמַן תִּינְייָנוּת. לְסוֹף שׁוּבְעִין שְׁנִין אִיתְעַר מִן שִׁינְתֵּיהּ. נְפַק לֵיהּ מִן מְעַרְתָּא וַחֲמָא עָֽלְמָא מֻחְלַף. זָווִי דַהֲווָת כְּרָמִין עֲבִידָא זֵייתִין. זָווִיי דַהֲווָת זֵייתִין עֲבִידָא זַרְעוּ. שְׁאַל לֵיהּ לִמְדִינָתָּא. אֲמַר לוֹן. מָה קָלָא בָעָֽלְמָא. אָֽמְרוּן לֵיהּ. וְלֵית אַתְּ יְדַע מָה קָלָא בָעָֽלְמָא. אֲמַר לוֹן. לֹא. אָֽמְרִין לֵיהּ. מָאן אַתְּ. אֲמַר לוֹן. חוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל. אָֽמְרוּן לֵיהּ. שְׁמַעְנָן דַּהֲוָה עֲלִיל לָעֲזָרָה וְהִיא מִנְהָרָה. עָאַל וְאַנָהָרַת. וְקָרָא עַל גַּרְמֵיהּ בְּשׁ֣וּב י֙י אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הָ֝יִ֗ינוּ כְּחוֹלְמִים׃
Rebbi Yudan son of proselytes said, this Onias the circle drawer was the grandson of Onias the circle-drawer {who lived} close to the destruction of the Temple. He went to a mountain to his workers. While he was there, rain fell. He went to a cave; when he was sitting down he slumbered and fell asleep. He stayed in his sleep for 70 years, while the Temple was destroyed and rebuilt. At the end of 70 years he awoke from his sleep. He left the cave and found the world changed. At a place where there had been vineyards were olive trees. At a place were there had been olive trees was a field. He asked about the province, and said to them, what is news in the world? They answered him, do you not know what is news in the world? He said, no. They asked him, who are you? He answered them, Onias the circle-drawer. They told him, we heard that when he entered the Temple courtyard it lit up. He went there and it lit up. He recited about himself, when the Eternal leads back the return of Zion we were like sleepers.
The story then proceeds to the supersleeper legend, and at first, it appears to adhere quite closely to the Yerushalmi version. Honi falls asleep, is surrounded by a cliff, and remains sleeping for 70 years. So far, we have three of the archetype's four elements: (a) a cultural hero, (b) a protected space, and (c) a magic sleep. But when we arrive at the fourth element, the story takes an unexpected turn. Honi wakes up into a reality that is largely as he left it. This is not the changed world of the Yerushalmi, but a world of small, incremental improvements: one more tree (now bearing fruit), several more mules, a few more children, a couple more words of Torah: This is no redemption, nor is Honi its herald; as opposed to the Yerushalmi, where Honi enters the Temple and rekindles the light of God, in the Bavli he enters the study hall only to find it already illuminated with the light of his own old Torah. The supersleeper awakens, in the Bavli's rendition, not to a utopian end of days, but simply to another day, on the way to utopia.'
FOR THIS, PRECISELY, IS THE RABBINIC VIEW of redemption. Not a sudder transformation of reality, but a utopia achieved slowly. Gradually. Littl by little...
Redemption, for the Rabbis, takes time. The world cannot be made perfect overnight, anymore than a tree can bear fruit instantaneously, or the exile pass as swiftly as a dream. Hence Honi, contrary to other supersleepers, is made to wake up into a world still in need of toil and care. The Rabbis of the Bavli understand that there are no shortcuts, no magic sleeps on the way to utopia. It is only through consistent human endeavor-another tree, another child, another teaching, another good deed-that the world will become perfect in the end.
Josephus, Antiquities 14:2
Now there was one, whose name was Onias; a righteous man be was, and beloved of God; who, in a certain drought, had prayed to God to put an end to the intense heat; and whose prayers God had heard, and had sent them rain. This man had hid himself, because he saw that this sedition would last a great while. However, they brought him to the Jewish camp [of Hyrcanus], and desired, that as by his prayers he had once put an end to the drought, so he would in like manner make imprecations on Aristobulus [Hyrcanus' brother], and those of his faction. And when, upon his refusal, and the excuses that he made, he was still by the multitude compelled to speak; he stood up in the midst of them, and said, “O God, the King of the whole world! since those that stand now with me are thy people; and those that are besieged are also thy priests; I beseech thee that thou wilt neither hearken to the prayers of those against these; nor bring to effect what these pray against those.” Whereupon such wicked Jews as stood about him, as soon as he had made this prayer, stoned him to death.
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא הֲוָה קָא אָזֵיל בְּאוֹרְחָא, אֲתָא מִיטְרָא. אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּנַחַת, וַחֲנִינָא בְּצַעַר! פְּסַק מִיטְרָא. כִּי מְטָא לְבֵיתֵיהּ, אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּצַעַר וַחֲנִינָא בְּנַחַת? אֲתָא מִיטְרָא.
Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa was traveling along a road when it began to rain. He said before God: Ruler of the Universe, the entire world is comfortable, but Chanina is suffering!? The rain ceased. When he arrived at his home, he said before God: Ruler of the Universe, the entire world is suffering, and Chanina is comfortable!? The rain began to come again.
וְשׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא שֶׁהָלַךְ לִלְמוֹד תּוֹרָה אֵצֶל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְחָלָה בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי. אָמַר לוֹ: חֲנִינָא בְּנִי, בַּקֵּשׁ עָלָיו רַחֲמִים וְיִחְיֶה. הִנִּיחַ רֹאשׁוֹ בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו וּבִקֵּשׁ עָלָיו רַחֲמִים, וְחָיָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי: אִלְמָלֵי הֵטִיחַ בֶּן זַכַּאי אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ בֵּין בִּרְכָּיו כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ — לֹא הָיוּ מַשְׁגִּיחִים עָלָיו. אָמְרָה לוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ: וְכִי חֲנִינָא גָּדוֹל מִמְּךָ? אָמַר לָהּ: לָאו, אֶלָּא הוּא דּוֹמֶה כְּעֶבֶד לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, וַאֲנִי דּוֹמֶה כְּשַׂר לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ.
And another incident with Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa, who went to study Torah before Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai, and Rabbi Yochanan’s son fell ill. He said to him: Chanina, my son, pray for mercy on behalf of my son so that he will live. Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa placed his head between his knees and prayed for mercy upon his behalf, and he lived. Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai said: Had ben Zakkai stuck his head between his knees throughout the entire day, they would have paid him no attention. His wife said to him: And is Chanina greater than you? He replied to her: No, but he is like a servant before the King. I am like a minister before the King.
by Rabbi Hyim Shafner 2012
Honi discovers that even if it were possible to eliminate exile and jump to the time of redemption, the price he must pay is the sacrifice of himself, of his own lifetime. One cannot go to a different time and still be oneself. We must be who we are, suggests this story in the Talmud, we each have our role in the universe. Whether to plant or to reap, to dream or to wake, to be in exile or to be redeemed, it is of no matter; one state is not less valuable than another, and both are interdependent. Being satisfied where one is, even if that means living in a state of unredeemed expectation, is as worthwhile as being redeemed, at least according to the carob tree planter...
Part of Honi’s inability to comprehend the preparatory exilic state is that he is beyond it. In exile the Divine is mostly hidden and so we do not see our prayers immediately answered. But for Honi, there is immediate gratification. For him God is not in hiding, He is revealed to Honi and close to him like a parent. Honi is not bound by the limitations of the veiled physical universe. Though this Divine awareness is the source of his greatness, it also prevents him from relating to its opposite, exile — our people’s exile, its value and necessity. Honi’s despair in the face of exile/planting/dreaming results from his inability to fathom, and therefore experience, distance from the Divine...
The child in Honi says that perfection must be right now! How is it possible for a whole people to live in a state of exile for seventy years, only dreaming? How can they keep the dream alive for seventy years? Who wants to live in a state of desire for something else? Wouldn’t it be better to skip directly to redemption?
Honi’s answer comes specifically from someone the Talmud calls a gavra — a mature man — because Honi’s inability to see emerges from his state of childlikeness. It is a great irony that Honi’s childlikeness lets him see through the veils which hide the Divine, but it also prevents him from seeing what grownups can see — the long term. It prevents him from finding the value in that which is not perfect. It inhibits him from appreciating exile for what it can offer in the present.
The child lives in a state of redemption, the adult in a state of exile. The exile of adulthood is an exile from many things — the primordial garden, one’s youth, life eternal, purity and sinlessness — and an exile from always having what one wants (direct access to the redemptive/to the parent/to God). Honi cannot bear this, and so he cannot clearly see the value which comes with the sacrifice of being separated from God, from being grownup. But grow up we must. It is the way God made the world since the sin of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Children grow, peoples are exiled, and all must ultimately return to the dust from which we came.
We harvest from trees planted before we were born; we plant trees so that our children will have something to harvest after we are gone. This is both a literal and a metaphorical/spiritual truth. And this planting and harvesting connects us across the generations: as my grandparents planted seeds which bear fruit in my adult choices, I plant seeds for the grandchildren, and the students-of-my-students, who I may never know. But as important as these vertical intergenerational connections are, we also depend on horizontal connections in our own lifetimes. Our beloved friends, our study partners (both in Torah terms and in life-terms), keep us from dissociating from our lives as Honi ultimately did.