Do Miracles Still Happen?

מַאי חֲנוּכָּה? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: בְּכ״ה בְּכִסְלֵיו יוֹמֵי דַחֲנוּכָּה תְּמָנְיָא אִינּוּן דְּלָא לְמִסְפַּד בְּהוֹן וּדְלָא לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בְּהוֹן. שֶׁכְּשֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ יְוָוֽנִים לַהֵיכָל טִמְּאוּ כׇּל הַשְּׁמָנִים שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל. וּכְשֶׁגָּבְרָה מַלְכוּת בֵּית חַשְׁמוֹנַאי וְנִצְּחוּם, בָּדְקוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ אֶלָּא פַּךְ אֶחָד שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהָיָה מוּנָּח בְּחוֹתָמוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, וְלֹא הָיָה בּוֹ אֶלָּא לְהַדְלִיק יוֹם אֶחָד. נַעֲשָׂה בּוֹ נֵס וְהִדְלִיקוּ מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁמוֹנָה יָמִים. לְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת קְבָעוּם וַעֲשָׂאוּם יָמִים טוֹבִים בְּהַלֵּל וְהוֹדָאָה.

Shabbat 21b:10

The Gemara asks: What is Hanukkah, and why are lights kindled on Hanukkah? The Gemara answers: The Sages taught in Megillat Ta’anit: On the twenty-fifth of Kislev, the days of Hanukkah are eight. One may not eulogize on them and one may not fast on them. What is the reason? When the Greeks entered the Sanctuary they defiled all the oils that were in the Sanctuary by touching them. And when the Hasmonean monarchy overcame them and emerged victorious over them, they searched and found only one cruse of oil that was placed with the seal of the High Priest, undisturbed by the Greeks. And there was sufficient oil there to light the candelabrum for only one day. A miracle occurred and they lit the candelabrum from it eight days. The next year the Sages instituted those days and made them holidays with recitation of hallel and special thanksgiving in prayer and blessings.

שמונה פרקים ח׳:י׳

ולפיכך הוצרכו החכמים לומר, כי כל המופתים היוצאים מן הרגיל, שהיו ושיהיו על פי הייעוד, כולם קדם להם החפץ בששת ימי בראשית. והושם בטבע הדברים מאותה שעה ואילך, שיתרחש בהם מה שיתרחש. וכשהתרחש בזמן שהיה צריך, חשבוהו לדבר שנתחדש עתה, ואינו כך. וכבר הרחיבו הדברים בעניין הזה במדרש קהלת וזולתו. ועוד להם מאמר בעניין הזה: "עולם כמנהגו נוהג" ותמצאם תמיד, בכל דבריהם, עליהם השלום, שנמנעים מתת הרצון בדבר אחר דבר, ובעת אחר עת. ועל האופן הזה יאמר באדם כשקם וישב: "בחפץ אלוקים קם וישב". רצוני לומר, שהושם בטבעו, בעיקר מציאות האדם, שיקום וישב בבחירתו. לא שהוא חפץ עתה בקומו, שיקום או שלא יקום: כשם שאינו חפץ עתה בנפילת האבן הזאת, שתיפול או שלא תיפול. כללו של דבר שתאמין: שכשם שחפץ האלוקים שיהיה האדם זקוף הקומה, רחב החזה, בעל אצבעות – כך חפץ שיהא מתנועע ונח מעצמו, ויעשה מעשים בבחירתו, אין כופה אותו בהם ולא מעכב בידו, כמו שהתבאר בתורת אמת. ואמר, מברר עניין זה: "הן האדם היה כאחד ממנו לדעת טוב ורע" וגו' (בראשית ג, כב), וכבר באר התרגום שעור הכתוב: "ממנו לדעת טוב ורע". כלומר: הן מין זה של אדם היה יחיד בעולם, ואין מין שני דומה לו בעניין הזה, שיהא הוא מעצמו, בדעתו ובמחשבתו, יודע הטוב והרע, ועושה כל מה שהוא חפץ, ואין מי שיעכב בידו. וכיון שכן הוא: "פן ישלח ידו ולקח גם מעץ החיים ואכל וחי לעולם" (שם) ואחר שהתחייב זה במציאות האדם, רצוני לומר: שיעשה בבחירתו מעשי הטוב והרע לכשיחפוץ; התחייב לימודו דרכי הטוב, ושיצווה ויוזהר, ושייענש ויקבל שכר. והיה כל זה ביושר. וראוי לו שירגיל עצמו במעשים הטובים עד שיגיעו לו המעלות. ויתרחק מן המעשים הרעים עד שיסורו ממנו הפחיתויות שהיו בו. ואל יאמר שכבר הגיע למצב, שאי אפשר לשנותו, הואיל וכל מצב אפשר לשנותו מן הטוב אל הרע ומן הרע אל הטוב, והוא הבוחר בכך. וכלפי עניין זה ובגללו הבאנו כל מה שזכרנוהו בדבר הציות והמרי.

Eight Chapters 8:10

This occasioned the sages to say that all miracles which deviate from the natural course of events, whether they have already occured, or, according to promise, are to take place in the future, were fore-ordained by the Divine Will during the six days of creation, nature being then so constituted that those miracles which were to happen really did afterwards take place. Then, when such an occurence happened at its proper time, it may have been regarded as an absolute innovation, whereas in reality it was not. The Rabbis expatiate very much upon this subject in the Midrash Koheleth and in other writings, one of their statements in reference to this matter being, "Everything follows its natural course". In everything that they said, you will always find that the Rabbis (peace be unto them!) avoided referring to the Divine Will as determining a particular event at a particular time. When, therefore, they said that man rises and sits down in accordance with the will of God, their meaning was that, when man was first created, his nature was so determined that rising up and sitting down were to be optional to him; but they as little meant that God wills at any special moment that man should or should not get up, as He determines at any given time that a certain stone should or should not fall to the ground. The sum and substance of the matter is, then, that thou shouldst believe that just as God willed that man should be upright in stature, broad-chested, and have fingers, likewise did He will that man should move or rest of his own accord, and that his actions should be such as his own free will dictates to him, without any outside influence or restraint, which fact God clearly states in the truthful Law, which elucidates this problem, when it says, "Behold, the man is become as one of us to know good and evil". The Targum, in paraphrasing this passage, explains the meaning of the words mimmenu lada'at ṭob wara'. Man has become the only being in the world who possesses a characteristic which no other being has in common with him. What is this characteristic? It is that by and of himself man can distinguish between good and evil, and do that which he pleases, with absolutely no restraint. Since, then, this is so, it would have even been possible for him to have stretched out his hand, and, taking of the tree of life, to have eaten of its fruit, and thus live forever. Since it is an essential characteristic of man's makeup that he should of his own free will act morally or immorally, doing just as he chooses, it becomes necessary to teach him the ways of righteousness, to command and exhort him, to punish and reward him according to his deserts. It behooves man also to accustom himself to the practice of good deeds, until he acquires the virtues corresponding to those good deeds; and, furthermore, to abstain from evil deeds so that he may eradicate the vices that may have taken root in him. Let him not suppose that his characteristics have reached such a state that they are no longer subject to change, for any one of them may be altered from the good to the bad, and vice versa; and, moreover, all in accordance with his own free will. To confirm this theory, we have mentioned all these facts concerning the observances and the transgressions of the Law.

משנה אבות ה׳:ו׳

(ו) עֲשָׂרָה דְבָרִים נִבְרְאוּ בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, פִּי הָאָרֶץ, וּפִי הַבְּאֵר, וּפִי הָאָתוֹן, וְהַקֶּשֶׁת, וְהַמָּן, וְהַמַּטֶּה, וְהַשָּׁמִיר, וְהַכְּתָב, וְהַמִּכְתָּב, וְהַלּוּחוֹת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, אַף הַמַּזִּיקִין, וּקְבוּרָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וְאֵילוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, אַף צְבָת בִּצְבָת עֲשׂוּיָה:

Pirkei Avot 5:6

(6) Ten things were created on the eve of the Sabbath at twilight, and these are they: [1] the mouth of the earth, [2] the mouth of the well, [3] the mouth of the donkey, [4] the rainbow, [5] the manna, [6] the staff [of Moses], [7] the shamir, [8] the letters, [9] the writing, [10] and the tablets. And some say: also the demons, the grave of Moses, and the ram of Abraham, our father. And some say: and also tongs, made with tongs.

קדושת לוי, קדושות לחנוכה, קדושה חמישית י״א

וזה הן גאלתי אתכם אחרית כראשית, כלומר שיהיה אחרית כל העולמות מאירין כבראשית העולמות מה בראשית בשביל ישראל שנקראו ראשית אף באחרית יתגלה שבשביל ישראל נבראו הכל ואז יהיה גאולה שלימה. וזה חנוכה, לשון התחדשות וראשית כמו שכתבתי לשון חנוכת הבית, כלומר שאז מאיר הראשית והתחדשות של העולמות שבשביל ישראל נבראו שנקראו ראשית לכך נעשה לנו ניסים ונפלאות שנמסר גבורים ביד חלשים ורבים ביד מעטים. לכן נקרא חנוכה, שעל ידי התחדשות וראשית נקרא חנוכה. וזה הוא מה שתקנו חכמינו ז"ל להדליק נר חנוכה, כלומר שצונו שיאיר הבהידות של בחינת הראשית והתחדשות עד סוף העולמות ואז אנחנו עמו בני ישראל במדריגה העליונה ונעשה לנו ניסים ונפלאות אמן והמשכיל יבין:

Kedushat Levi, Kedushot for Chanukah, Kedusha Chamishit 11

And now I will explain what our sages said (Shabbat 21b) "The mitzvah of the Chanukah light is from when the sun sets until the foot stops in the marketplace"; and also of the name Chanukah. Know, that the miracles that the Blessed Creator did for us have three types, because there are hidden miracles and there are revealed miracles. Revealed miracles, like the ones done for our ancestors in Egypt, like the ten plagues, and the splitting of the Reed sea, that are breaks with nature and all see as miracles. And there are hidden miracles, like in the days of Esther and Mordechai, as it is in nature that in the beginning [the king] raised Haman and then loved his wife and killed his friend because of his wife, and also the miracle mentioned in the prayer Al HaNisim, of delivering the many into the hands of the few etc. And behold the hidden miracle, that they were in the way for war, and also the deed of Yehudit had a little aspect of nature, even though in truth they were miracles, and not natural occurrences but they were hidden miracles, not revealed ones. And so it is explained in the book Ohr Hadash, which was written by the author of Gur Aryeh, that the Chanukah miracle had an aspect of nature. And also the admo"r the holy light mohr"r, Dov Ber z"l said that a revealed miracle like in Egypt is called "a day that illuminates all". And behold, the hidden miracles are divided into two aspects. One aspect, like Purim, [is when] the Holy Blessed Name, Godself, causes every event and turns the actions, without any activity on the part of the lower ones until the advice of the evil Haman was completely cancelled, and he got his just desserts, and saved us from the hand of the tyrants, and the lower ones did not do anything. And that Esther invited Haman is what the sages z"l said (Megilah 15b) "so that Israel would not say our sister etc, or so that both him and her are killed etc and other reasons. But in Chanukah the lower ones took a few actions, because the Hashmonai and his sons waged the war of Hashem and were active, yet that the Holy One did not do just the ways of nature and "delivered the strong in the hands of the weak, etc" but with some help of the lower ones. There you have the three levels. The miracle of the exodus from Egypt was a modification of nature, and is called day and a great miracle. And smaller than Egypt is Purim, that was in its essence a little hidden miracle, and it is called night as I have written in the name of the admor"r z"l but there was no help from the lower ones. And smaller than Purim is the lights of Chanukah, which was a hidden miracle and also had help from the lower ones. Therefore, as I explained above, after Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and Shemini Atzeret - first comes Chanukah, and after that Purim, and after that Pesach, because we raise in holiness and do not lower, because we continue the revelation of the miracles and kindnesses of Chanukah that they are not so great, as a hidden miracle with help from below in the wars of the Hashmonai and his sons. And after that we raise in holiness and receive the revelation from the kindnesses and miracles of Purim which was a hidden miracle without intervention from below, and so it is greater than Chanukah. And after that we raise in holiness and receive a greater revelation in the miracles and kindnesses of Pesach, in which the miracle was revealed and looks like a day to everyone. And look into the Ramban at the end of Parashat Bo and beginnign of parashat Vaera and end of parashat Lech Lecha, that he brings up hidden and revealed miracles.