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Va'Etchanan: A vision of the land

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶך הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

בְּרוּךֶ אַתֶה חֲוָיָה שְׁכִינּוּ רוּחַ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדַשְׁתַנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתֶיהֶ וְצִוְתָנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

בְּרוּכָה אַתְּ יָהּ אֱלֹהָתֵינוּ רוּחַ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קֵרְבָתְנוּ לַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְצִוְתָנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

Barukh atah Adonai Eloheinu melekh ha’olam asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu la’asok b’divrei Torah

Nonbinary Hebrew Project:

B’rucheh ateh Khavayah Shekhinu ruach ha’olam asher kidash’tanu b’mitzvotei’he v’tziv’tanu la’asok b’divrei Torah

Feminine God Language:

Brukhah at Ya Elohateinu ruach ha’olam asher keir’vat’nu la’avodatah v’tziv’tavnu la’asok b’divrei Torah

(כג) וָאֶתְחַנַּ֖ן אֶל־יְהֹוָ֑ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹֽר׃ (כד) אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה אַתָּ֤ה הַֽחִלּ֙וֹתָ֙ לְהַרְא֣וֹת אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶ֨ת־גׇּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִי־אֵל֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ׃ (כה) אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֗א וְאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הָהָ֥ר הַטּ֛וֹב הַזֶּ֖ה וְהַלְּבָנֹֽן׃ (כו) וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהֹוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ רַב־לָ֔ךְ אַל־תּ֗וֹסֶף דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י ע֖וֹד בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ (כז) עֲלֵ֣ה ׀ רֹ֣אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֗ה וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ יָ֧מָּה וְצָפֹ֛נָה וְתֵימָ֥נָה וּמִזְרָ֖חָה וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ כִּי־לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן הַזֶּֽה׃ (כח) וְצַ֥ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי־ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃
(23) I pleaded with יהוה at that time, saying, (24) “O Lord יהוה, You who let Your servant see the first works of Your greatness and Your mighty hand, You whose powerful deeds no god in heaven or on earth can equal! (25) Let me, I pray, cross over and see the good land on the other side of the Jordan, that good hill country, and the Lebanon.” (26) But יהוה was wrathful with me on your account and would not listen to me. יהוה said to me, “Enough! Never speak to Me of this matter again! (27) Go up to the summit of Pisgah and gaze about, to the west, the north, the south, and the east. Look at it well, for you shall not go across yonder Jordan. (28) Give Joshua his instructions, and imbue him with strength and courage, for he shall go across at the head of this people, and he shall allot to them the land that you may only see.”
(ב) בעת ההוא. לְאַחַר שֶׁכָּבַשְׁתִּי אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג דִּמִּיתִי שֶׁמָּא הֻתַּר הַנֶּדֶר:
(2) בעת ההוא [I IMPLORED GRACE OF GOD] AT THAT TIME — After I had subdued the land of Sihon and Og I thought that perhaps the vow that I should not enter the land was annulled, since this was part of the land of Canaan (cf. Sifrei Devarim 26:8 and Rashi on Numbers 27:12).
ונראה לומר בהעיר עוד אמרו לאמר, ורבותינו ז"ל דרשו (שם) שאמר משה לה' השיבני על דברי אם אני נכנס לארץ, וזה דרך דרש, אכן פירוש אומרו בעת ההיא הוא זמן שנשבע ה' על דור המדבר שלא יראו את הארץ שאמר בפרשה שלמעלה וכללו למשה בכלל שבועת הגזירה כמו שאמר (א' ל"ז) גם בי התאנף ה' בגללכם, בעת ההיא התחנן לה' לבטל גזירתו ולהתיר השבועה כרמוז במאמר אתה החלות ודרשו רבותינו ז"ל לשון התרת שבועה כאשר אבאר בסמוך, וטעם המאמר הוא להודיעם לבל יחשדהו שלא התפלל אלא על עצמו לבטל גזירתו ולא חש לדורו והעלים עין ממנו ותם כל הדור ההוא, לזה אמר בעת ההיא פירוש קודם שנתקיימה הגזירה התחנן לה':
According to the sages in the Sifri even the word לאמור is part of Moses' plea. Moses challenged G'd to tell him if He was prepared to let him enter the Holy Land. I believe that all these comments are merely homiletics. The words בעת ההיא refer to the time when G'd had sworn that except for Joshua and Calev no one who had been over 20 at the time of the Exodus would see the land of Israel. Moses had referred to that date in 1,37 when he had mentioned that G'd had been angry at him also, saying that he too would not get to the Holy Land. At that time Moses had pleaded to cancel His decree and to release Himself from the oath as alluded to by the words: "You have begun to show your servant Your greatness, etc." Our sages interpreted these words as a reference to an invalidation of an oath, as I shall discuss shortly. The reason Moses inserted this paragraph at this point was so that the people should not suspect him of having pleaded only on his own behalf and that he was not concerned with G'd cancelling the decree He had sworn concerning the entire generation. By saying בעת ההיא, Moses indicated that he prayed before the decree had begun to be executed.
וראה בעיניך. בִּקַּשְׁתָּ מִמֶּנִּי וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת הָאָרֶץ הַטּוֹבָה, אֲנִי מַרְאֶה לְךָ אֶת כֻּלָּהּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ל"ב) "וַיַּרְאֵהוּ ה' אֶת כָּל הָאָרֶץ":
וראה בעיניך [LIFT UP THINE EYES …] AND SEE IT WITH THINE EYES — Thou didst request of Me, (v. 25) “Let me see the good land”; I will let thee see the whole of it (not the good territory alone), as it is said, (Deuteronomy 34:1) “And the Lord showed him all the land״ (cf. Sifrei Bamidbar 135).
ויתעבר ה' למענכם. מפני שהייתי מתאוה לקיים אתכם בה שלא תגלו ממנה לעולם והוא כבר נשא ידו לזרותם:
ויתעבר ה' בי למענכם, G’d was angry at me for trying to ensure your permanent stay in that land while He had already decreed that at a certain point in history your descendants would be exiled among the gentiles.
אעברה נא ואראה וגו'. צריך לדעת כוונת אומרו נא, גם למה הוצרך לומר ואראה וגו' הלא כשיעבור הענין מעצמו מובן שיראה וכו', ואולי שנתכוין להשיב תשובה על הדברים המונעים ביאתו לארץ כאומרם ז"ל שהם ב', א' לפי שהגיע זמנו של יהושע למלוך (תנחומא) ואין מלכות נוגעת בחברתה אפילו כמלא נימא, ב' שצפה הקב"ה שעתידין ישראל לחטוא ויצטרך להשליך חמתו עליהם וחשב ה' למשכן בשבילם הבית המקודש כרמוז בתיבת משכן משכן כאומרם ז"ל (שמו"ר פנ"א), ובזה יש תקוה ותכלית טוב לישראל וכמאמרם ז"ל (מדרש תהילים ע״ט:א׳) בפסוק מזמור לאסף אלהים באו גוים וגו' מזמור קינה מבעי ליה אלא שהשליך חמתו על עצים ואבנים ולא השליכה על ישראל וכו' ע"כ, ואם היה משה בונה בית המקדש אמרו ז"ל (סוטה ט'.) שלא היתה אומה ולשון שולטת בו וזה יסובב לשפוך חמתו עליהם לכלותם, וכמו שפירשתי בפרשת דברים בפסוק (א' ל"ז) גם בי התאנף:
אעברה נא, "please let me cross, etc." Why did Moses say נא? Besides, why did he say: "so that I will see?" Is seeing the land not a natural result of crossing the Jordan? Perhaps Moses wanted to rebut reasons which had prevented him from entering the Holy Land. Our sages say that there had been two such reasons. 1) The time for Joshua to reign had arrived, and the rule of one monarch must not overlap with the rule of a second monarch by as much as a hair's breadth (Berachot 48). 2) G'd foresaw that the Israelites would sin in the future and He would have to pour out His wrath at them. He therefore preferred to use the Holy Temple as the object on which to pour out His wrath rather than on the people themselves. We have dicussed this in connection with Psalms 79 where Assaph appears to write a hymn in honour of the destruction of the Holy Temple (my translation page 1766). We explained that if Moses had crossed the Jordan the Temple he would have built would have stood forever, and whenever the Israelites would sin G'd would have to vent His wrath on them rather than on the Temple. Compare my commentary on Deut. 1,37.
ויאמר וגו' רב לך וגו' אל תוסף. כפל לומר רב לך אל תוסף, בא להשיב לב' דברים הבאים בתפלת משה, כנגד מה שהתפלל על עצמו אמר לו רב לך רמז לו בתיבת רב כי כלום טעם תפלת משה לעבור אל הארץ הוא כדי לקיים מצות התלויות בארץ, לזה השיבו שאינו צריך לזה כי יש לו רב טוב אשר יתן לו ה', והוא אומרו רב לך ואינך צריך לשום תוספת זכות, וכנגד מה שהיה מתפלל על ישראל השתיקו בגערה ואמר לו אל תוסף דבר וגו':
ויאמר ה׳ אלי רב לך, אל תוסף, G'd said to me: "enough for you, do not continue, etc." Why did G'd say to Moses both: "enough for you, and "do not continue, etc.?" G'd answered both parts of Moses' request. Concerning the part of Moses' prayer in which he asked to personally be allowed to cross the Jordan, G'd said: רב לך, "enough for you." G'd meant that He did not accept that Moses only wanted to cross the Jordan in order to fulfil certain commandments there. Moses had already fulfilled so many commandments that he did not need the additional merit which would accrue to him from fulfilling מצות התלויות בארץ, the kind of commandments which require one to be in the land of Israel in order to fulfil them. G'd would give him such a great reward that he would not miss out on anything by not having attained this particular merit. Concerning the prayer Moses offered on behalf of the people, G'd silenced him by saying that he should not continue to harp on that subject.
From Rabbi Maya Zinkow, "VaEt'chanan: Al HaMar VeHamatok" at https://truah.org/resources/maya-zinkow-vaetchanan-moraltorah_2024_/
If we look carefully at the interaction, we see that Moses specifically uses the word “good” twice in his request. Like many of us, Moses wishes to see “the good land,” but not its imperfections. And who can blame him? Knowing he won’t experience the Land of Israel himself, Moses wants to die with a dreamscape in his mind’s eye, skipping over the nightmares that surely await his people on the other side of the river, those horrors that any human being might find painful to gaze at: bloody wars, unrelenting desert landscape, and — especially — the sacrifices and painful choices sure to be made in the building of a nation. God’s response to Moses’ request is spoken in a punishing tone: “Enough!” God says, “Never speak to Me of this matter again” (Deuteronomy 3:26). The harshness is, perhaps, a response to Moses’ attempt to avoid the bad as he seeks to see the good. The midrash in Sifrei Bamidbar (135:1) teaches that God “showed Moses the distant as if it were near; the concealed, as if it were revealed — all that is called ‘Eretz Yisrael.’” That is to say, as Rashi summarizes: “I will let you see the whole of it,” not just the good of it.
As I prepare to fly home from a summer in Jerusalem, I am contemplating just how to bring back a report of the whole of it: the chilling account of October 7 from a family member of multiple hostages — her trauma and her resilience; the lived reality of Palestinians fighting relentless demolitions in Umm al-Khair under the weight of occupation — their pain and their resolve; the perspective of a friend in an intelligence unit making crucial decisions about targets in Gaza; the depth of Hamas’s evil and the hell of Gazan civilian life; the stickers with a message of peace and coexistence seen around the city from activists who love this country — the hope they give me, and the despair prompted when I see a man scratching them off a lamppost with his house keys.
While it all feels impossible to hold at once, it is a comfort to imagine God showing Moses the distant as if near, the concealed as if revealed, inviting him to see past the simple good and into the complexity. We are not just meant to see the good land, but the whole of it. In every generation, we are called upon to gaze about to the west, the north, the south, and the east; to see even what is hard to look at and cry: eichah! And when we witness injustice, bitterness, and badness, we are meant to take up the sacred task of picking up the shattered pieces of destruction and building something good, building something worth gazing upon.
From Ellen Dannen, "Moses Died with a Promised Land" at https://www.reconstructingjudaism.org/dvar-torah/moses-died-promised-land/
I see Moses. I see a person who has been saddened by the events of life. The people he has lived among have failed to understand him. The most important events of his life have been ones they were unable or unwilling to take part in, which they deprecated. Life asked the impossible of him—walk out from everything you are and know and go into a place of uncertainty and discomfort and spend your life there guided by the intangible.
But there is another side to this Moses who died outside the Land. Moses died possessed of and by the promised land. He did not reach it, but it was still there in his last moments, there to be seen with his last gaze.
What do we know of the history of the Hebrews after they entered their promised land? They remained fractious, quarrelsome, difficult, faithless. Their entry into the land became only an entry to a place to continue to be as they were.
Moses, only Moses, died with a promised land.

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶך הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

בְּרוּךֶ אַתֶה חֲוָיָה שְׁכִינּוּ רוּחַ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדַשְׁתַנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתֶיהֶ וְצִוְתָנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

בְּרוּכָה אַתְּ יָהּ אֱלֹהָתֵינוּ רוּחַ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קֵרְבָתְנוּ לַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְצִוְתָנוּ לַעֲסוֹק בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה

Barukh atah Adonai Eloheinu melekh ha’olam asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu la’asok b’divrei Torah

Nonbinary Hebrew Project:

B’rucheh ateh Khavayah Shekhinu ruach ha’olam asher kidash’tanu b’mitzvotei’he v’tziv’tanu la’asok b’divrei Torah

Feminine God Language:

Brukhah at Ya Elohateinu ruach ha’olam asher keir’vat’nu la’avodatah v’tziv’tavnu la’asok b’divrei Torah