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Mishnah Bikkurim 4: why doesn't the translation match?
(א) אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס יֵשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַאֲנָשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַנָּשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַאֲנָשִׁים וְנָשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָכִים אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לַאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא לַנָּשִׁים:
(ב) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַאֲנָשִׁים: מְטַמֵּא בְּלֹבֶן כַּאֲנָשִׁים, וְזוֹקֵק לְיִבּוּם כַּאֲנָשִׁים, וּמִתְעַטֵּף וּמִסְתַּפֵּר כַּאֲנָשִׁים, וְנוֹשֵׂא אֲבָל לֹא נִשָּׂא כַּאֲנָשִׁים, וְחַיָּב בְּכָל מִצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה כַּאֲנָשִׁים:
(ג) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַנָּשִׁים: מְטַמֵּא בְּאֹדֶם כַּנָּשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ מִתְיַחֵד עִם הָאֲנָשִׁים כַּנָּשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר עַל "בַּל תַּקִּיף" וְלֹא עַל "בַּל תַּשְׁחִית" וְלֹא עַל "בַּל תְּטַמֵּא לַמֵּתִים" כַּנָּשִׁים, וּפָסוּל מִן הָעֵדוּת כַּנָּשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ נִבְעַל בַּעֲבֵירָה כַּנָּשִׁים, וְנִפְסַל מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה כַּנָּשִׁים:
(ד) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַאֲנָשִׁים וְלַנָּשִׁים: חַיָּבִים עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְעַל קִלְלָתוֹ כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְהַהוֹרְגוֹ שׁוֹגֵג גּוֹלֶה וּמֵזִיד נֶהֱרַג כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְנָשִׁים, וְיוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו דָּם טָמֵא וְדָם טָהוֹר כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְחוֹלֵק בְּקָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְנוֹחֵל לְכָל הַנְּחָלוֹת כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְאִם אָמַר "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁה" הֲרֵי זֶה נָזִיר:
(ה) כֵּיצַד אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לַאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא לַנָּשִׁים: אֵין חַיָּבִים לֹא עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְלֹא עַל קִלְלָתוֹ לֹא כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא כַּנָּשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ נֶעֱרָךְ לֹא כַּאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא כַּנָּשִׁים, וְאִם אָמַר "הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה לֹא אִישׁ וְלֹא אִשָּׁה" אֵינוֹ נָזִיר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס בְּרִיָּה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ הוּא וְלֹא יָכְלוּ חֲכָמִים לְהַכְרִיעַ עָלָיו אִם הוּא אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה. אֲבָל טֻמְטוּם אֵינוֹ כֵּן, פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא אִישׁ פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא אִשָּׁה:
(1) The hermaphrodite is in some ways like men, and in other ways like women. In other ways he is like men and women, and in others he is like neither men nor women.
(2) In what ways is he like men? He causes impurity with white discharge, like men; He dresses like men; He can take a wife but not be taken as a wife, like men. [When he is born] his mother counts the blood of purification, like men; He may not be secluded with women, like men. He is not maintained with the daughters, like men; He transgresses the law of: “You shall not round” (Leviticus 19:2 and “You shall not defile for the dead,” (Leviticus 21:1) like men; And he must perform all the commandments of the Torah, like men.
(3) And in what ways is he like women? He causes impurity with red discharge, like women; And he must not be secluded with men, like women; And he doesn’t make his brother’s wife liable for yibbum (levirate marriage); And he does not share [in the inheritance] with the sons, like women; And he cannot eat most holy sacrifices, like women. At his birth his mother counts the blood of her impurity like [they do when they give birth to a] girl; And he is disqualified from being a witness, like women. If he had illicit intercourse, he is disqualified from eating terumah, like women.
(4) In what ways is he like both men and women? One who strikes him or curses him is liable, as in the case of men and women; One who unwittingly kills him must go into exile, and if on purpose, then [the slayer] receives the death penalty, as in the case of men and women. His mother must [at his birth] bring an offering, as in the case of men and women. He may eat holy things that are eaten outside of the Temple; And he may inherit any inheritance, as in the case of men and women.
(5) And in what is he different from both men and women? One does not burn terumah if it came into contact with his discharge, Neither is he liable for entering the temple while impure, unlike men or women. He must not be sold as a Hebrew slave, unlike men or women. He cannot be evaluated, unlike men or women. If one says: “I will be a nazirite, if he is neither a man nor a woman,” then he becomes a nazirite. Rabbi Yose says: the hermaphrodite is a unique creature, and the sages could not decide about him. But this is not so with a tumtum (one of doubtful), for sometimes he is a man and sometimes he is a woman.
This is the version of Mishnah Bikkurim on Sefaria. However, the Hebrew and the English do not match. Why is this?
As it turns out, this chapter of Mishnah is not from the original version by Yehudah haNasi. This chapter is actually a medieval addition, and has a few slightly-different variations. The Hebrew above is from the Napoli version of the Mishnah, while the English translation by Dr. Joshua Kulp correlates to the Kehati version. According to a Sefaria staff person I emailed with, this kind of minor misalignment between the text and the translation is fairly common, and . Maybe this was obvious or common knowledge to some, but I am not yeshiva-trained-- suffice to say, it was quite confusing for me.
Thanks to the help of my local rabbi, I was able to crack open a physical copy of the Kehati Mishnah and spent about an hour transcribing this chapter letter-by-letter onto my computer, complete with exact diacritics. Not exactly the level of rigor of a professional Torah scribe, but still a lot of work! Here is the Kehati version below, and you'll notice that the English translation above aligns perfectly with this version of the Hebrew text.
(א) אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס יֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרַכִים שָׁוֶה לָאֲנָשִׁים; וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרַכִים שָׁוֶה לַנָשִׁים, וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרַכִים שָׁוֶה לָאֲנָשִׁים וְלַנָשִׁים, וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרַכִים אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לָאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא לַנָשִׁים. (ב) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לָאֲנָשִׁים? מְטַמֵּא בְּלֹבֶן כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וּמִתְעַטֵּף כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְנוֹשֵׂא אֲבָל לֹא נִשָּׂא כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְאִמּוֹ יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו בְּדַם טֹהַר כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ מִתְיַחֵד עִם הַנָשִׁים כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ נִזּוּן עִם הַבָּנוֹת כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְעוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תַּקִּיף וּבַל תַּשְׁחִת וּבַל תִּטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים כָּאֲנָשִׁים, וְחַיָּב בְּכׇל הַמִּצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה כָּאֲנָשִׁים. (ג) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַנָשִׁים? מְטַמֵּא בְּאֹדֶם כַּנָשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ מִתְיַחֵד עִם הָאֲנָשִׁים כַּנָשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ זוֹקֵק לְיִבּוּם כַּנָשִׁים, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק עִם הַבָּנִים כַּנָשִׁים, וְאֵין אוֹכֵל בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ כַּנָשִׁים, וְאִמּוֹ יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו בְּדַם טָמֵא כַּנָשִׁים, וּפָסוּל מִן הָעֵדוּת כַּנָשִׁים, וְאִם נִבְעַל בָּעֲבֵירָה נִפְסַל מִן הַתְּרוּמָה כַּנָשִׁים. (ד) כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לָאֲנָשִׁים וְלַנָּשִׁים? חַיָבִים עַל מַכָּתוֹ וְקִלְלָתוֹ כָּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְהַהוֹרְגוֹ שוגֵג גּוֹלָה, וּמֵזִיד נָהֱרַג – כָּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָשִׁים, וְאִמּוֹ מְבִיאָה עָלָיו קָרְבָּן כָּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְאוֹכֵל בְּקָדְשֵׁי הַגְּבוּל כָּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים, וְנוֹחֵל לְכׇל הַנְּחָלוֹת כָּאֲנָשִׁים וְכַנָּשִׁים. (ה) כֵּיצַד אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לָאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא לַנָּשִׁים? אֵין שׁוֹרְפִין תְּרוּמָה עַל טֻמְאַת זִיבָתוֹ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּש – לֹא כָאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא כַנָּשִׁים, וְאֵין נִמְכָּר בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי לֹא כָאֲנָשִׁים וְלֹא כַנָּשִׁים, וְאִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה לֹא אִישׁ וְלֹא אִשָּׁה, נָזִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר׃ אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס בְּרִיָּה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ הוּא, וְלֹא יָכְלוּ חֲכָמִים לְהַכְרִיעַ עָלָיו אִם הוּא אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה. אֲבָל טֻמְטוּם אֵינוֹ כֵן, פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא אִישׁ פְּעָמִים שֶׁהוּא אִשָּׁה.
Why does it matter? Why did I spend so much time and energy on this controversial and relatively-new chapter of Mishnah? I can't exactly tell you. But I think it's important to have good scholarship when discussing important things. And I want this to be a resource that others can use when they find the same issue that I did.