(א) אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים הֵם. בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים וְלָרְגָלִים. בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי. בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים וְלַשְּׁמִטִּין וְלַיּוֹבְלוֹת, לַנְּטִיעָה וְלַיְרָקוֹת. בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ:
They are four days in the year that serve as the New Year, each for a different purpose: On the first of Nisan is the New Year for kings; [for counting the years of a king's rule] And the first of Nisan is also the New Year for the order of the Festivals, [for the calendar order] On the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes; [for counting the age of cattle] Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon say: The New Year for animal tithes is on the first of Tishrei. On the first of Tishrei is the New Year for counting years, as will be explained in the Gemara; for calculating Sabbatical Years and Jubilee Years, for planting, and for tithing vegetables, [for the agricultural schedule]. On the first of Shevat is the New Year for the tree; [for counting the age of trees]; this ruling is in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai. But Beit Hillel say: The New Year for trees is on the fifteenth of Shevat.
So we have 4 new years in the Jewish calendar:
- Nisan 1 (March/April ish) - for counting the years of a king's rule, also the first month of the calendar
- Elul 1 (August/September ish) - for counting the age of cattle, "Rosh Hashanah Behemot"
- Tishrei 1 (September/October ish) - for counting the agricultural schedule, this is the Rosh Hashanah we all know and love
- Shevat 1 or 15 (January/February ish) - for counting the age of trees, "Rosh Hashanah La'ilan"
(טו) הִנֵּה־נָ֣א בְ֭הֵמוֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי עִמָּ֑ךְ חָ֝צִ֗יר כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹאכֵֽל׃ (טז) הִנֵּה־נָ֣א כֹח֣וֹ בְמׇתְנָ֑יו וְ֝אוֹנ֗וֹ בִּשְׁרִירֵ֥י בִטְנֽוֹ׃ (יז) יַחְפֹּ֣ץ זְנָב֣וֹ כְמוֹ־אָ֑רֶז גִּידֵ֖י פַחֲדָ֣ו יְשֹׂרָֽגוּ׃ (יח) עֲ֭צָמָיו אֲפִיקֵ֣י נְחֻשָׁ֑ה גְּ֝רָמָ֗יו כִּמְטִ֥יל בַּרְזֶֽל׃ (יט) ה֭וּא רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכֵי־אֵ֑ל הָ֝עֹשׂ֗וֹ יַגֵּ֥שׁ חַרְבּֽוֹ׃ (כ) כִּי־ב֭וּל הָרִ֣ים יִשְׂאוּ־ל֑וֹ וְֽכׇל־חַיַּ֥ת הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה יְשַׂחֲקוּ־שָֽׁם׃ (כא) תַּֽחַת־צֶאֱלִ֥ים יִשְׁכָּ֑ב בְּסֵ֖תֶר קָנֶ֣ה וּבִצָּֽה׃ (כב) יְסֻכֻּ֣הוּ צֶאֱלִ֣ים צִֽלְל֑וֹ יְ֝סֻבּ֗וּהוּ עַרְבֵי־נָֽחַל׃ (כג) הֵ֤ן יַעֲשֹׁ֣ק נָ֭הָר לֹ֣א יַחְפּ֑וֹז יִבְטַ֓ח ׀ כִּֽי־יָגִ֖יחַ יַרְדֵּ֣ן אֶל־פִּֽיהוּ׃
(15) Take now behemoth, whom I made as I did you; He eats grass, like the cattle. (16) His strength is in his loins, His might in the muscles of his belly. (17) He makes his tail stand up like a cedar; The sinews of his thighs are knit together. (18) His bones are like tubes of bronze, His limbs like iron rods. (19) He is the first of G-d’s works; Only his Maker can draw the sword against him. (20) The mountains yield him produce, Where all the beasts of the field play. (21) He lies down beneath the lotuses, In the cover of the swamp reeds. (22) The lotuses embower him with shade; The willows of the brook surround him. (23) He can restrain the river from its rushing; He is confident the Jordan will gush at his command.
Based on this description, the behemoth creature is most like a hippo or elephant, which eats grass and has a bristly, mobile tail.
