Rabbi Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (1089-1167)
Rabbi David Kimḥi (1160–1235)
Rabbi Avraham, son of Maimonides (1186-1237)
ר' אברהם בן הרמב"ם בראשית ל"ה:י"ד
ויסך עליה נסך {היא} עבודה שחידש {עתה} על המצבה
Rabbi Avraham, son of Rambam on Genesis 35:14
"And he libated upon it" - This is a worship that he innovated upon the stone-pillar.
Rabbi Moses ben Naḥman (1194-1270)
וַיָּשֶׂם אוֹתָהּ מַצֵּבָה כְּבָר פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (ע"ז נג) הַהֶפְרֵשׁ שֶׁבֵּין הַמַּצֵּבָה לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, שֶׁהַמַּצֵּבָה אֶבֶן אַחַת וְהַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲבָנִים הַרְבֵּה. וְנִרְאֶה עוֹד שֶׁהַמַּצֵּבָה תֵּעָשֶׂה לְנַסֵּךְ עָלֶיהָ נֶסֶךְ יַיִן וְלִיצוֹק עָלֶיהָ שֶׁמֶן, לֹא לְעוֹלָה וְלֹא לְזֶבַח, וְהַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְהַעֲלוֹת עָלָיו עוֹלוֹת וּשְׁלָמִים. וּבְבֹאָם לָאָרֶץ נֶאֶסְרָה עֲלֵיהֶם הַמַּצֵּבָה (דברים טז כב), מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשָּׂמוּ אוֹתָהּ הַכְּנַעֲנִים לָהֶם לְחֹק יוֹתֵר מִן הַמִּזְבְּחוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶם (שמות לד יג) "אֶת מִזְבְּחוֹתָם תִּתֹּצוּן", אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא רָצָה לֶאֱסֹר הַכֹּל וְהִשְׁאִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁרָאוּי לְנֶסֶךְ וּלְקָרְבָּנוֹת:
AND HE SET IT UP FOR A PILLAR. Our Rabbis have explained the difference between a pillar and an altar by saying that a pillar consists of one stone while an altar is composed of many stones. It further appears that a pillar is made for pouring libations of wine upon it and for the pouring of oil upon it, but not for sacrifices and not for offerings, whereas an altar is for bringing Burnt-offerings and Peace-offerings thereon. When Israel entered the Land, the pillar was prohibited to them because the Canaanites had established it as an ordinance of an idolatrous character to a greater extent than the altars. Even though it is written concerning the altars, Ye shall break down their altars, [since the altars were not as prevalent as pillars among the Canaanites, He did not prohibit the Israelites from making their own altars]. It may be that He did not want to prohibit all sacrifices, and so He retained the altar as fit for libations and sacrifices.
Rabbi Ya'akov ben Asher (1270-1340)
Rabbi Yosef Kaspi (1280—1345)
ר' יוסף אבן כספי בראשית כ"ח:י"ח
וישם אותה מצבה – לזֵכר לו ולאות לכל עובר ושב לפרסם כבוד השם. ולכן יצק שמן על ראשה, כלומ', שמן עטרן או זולתו מן השמנים, שרשומן ניכר וקיים ולא ימחק מצד המטר. וכן עשה גם בשובו כמו שכתו' (בראשית ל"ה:י"ד), ושם הוסיף ביאור, "נסך", וחלילה נסך לי"י רק משקה מה ידוע אצלם ונוהגים כן תמיד. ושאר הדורות היו נוהגים כן לע"ז או לענייני הבל, ואבותינו היו עושים זה לתכליות אלהיות נכבדות. ובכלל כי שימת ההזכרות והציונים בדרכים נהוגים בכל העולם לסבות רבות, ולכן כתוב "הציבי לך צִיֻּונִים שימי לך תמרורים" (ירמיהו ל"א:כ'). ותוארו הציונים בלשון תמרורים כי היו מקימים שם צמח מר ורע בטעם וריח למען לא יבערוהו הולכי דרכים. והאמת – כמו שאמ' ארסטו – עֵד לעצמו ומסכים מכל צד. וכבר הארכנו על זה ועל המזבחות שעשו אבותינו.
Rabbi ibn Kaspi
And he set up that monument – to remember him and to be a sign to all who pass by, to proclaim the glory of the Lord. Therefore, he poured oil on its head, such as olive oil or other oils, the writing of which is visible and permanent and will not be erased by rain. And he did the same upon his return, as he wrote (Genesis 35:14), and there he added an explanation, “you offered,” and God forbid you offered to the Lord only a drink, which is known among them and they always practice like that. And the rest of the generations would practice like that for alms or for vain matters, and our ancestors would do this for honorable divine purposes. And in general, because placing memorials and signs on roads is customary throughout the world for many reasons, and therefore it is written, “Set up for yourself signs, and make for yourself signposts” (Jeremiah 31:20). And the signs were described in the language of signposts because they would plant there a bitter plant that was bad in taste and smell so that travelers would not burn it. And the truth – as Aristotle says – A witness for himself and agrees on every side. And we have already gone into detail about this and the altars that our fathers made.
Rabbi Levi ben Gershon (1288-1344)
"He libated upon it" - This is from the topic of libations and, behold, he made this libation for the glory of The Lord.
Rabbi Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno (1475-1549)
"He libated upon it" - Thereby he completed paying his vow in which he had vowed to make out of the stone which had served as his pillow a monument, meaning “a house of G’d.” (28,22). By anointing this monument he had, so to speak, laid the foundation of the house of G’d to be built there in the future. What he did here was similar to what David did in his time when he prepared the foundation for the Temple his son Solomon was to build after his death in accordance with what the angel had told him at the threshing ground of Arona the Jebusite.
Rabbi Isaac Samuel Reggio (1784-1855)
"And he libated upon it" - Water or wine. And it is a hint towards the libating that his offspring would offer in the enduring house. And, behold, he fulfilled his vow with this, and there is no doubt that he also separated a tithe from it for the glory of The Lord and gave this tithing to someone in his generation who was fitting to receive it.
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888)
נסך consisted either of wine, expressing that one owes one's greatest joy to God, or of water, expressing that even every ordinary moment with all its conditions of life is directly God's. — יצק שמן על probably means the permanent consecration of the stone for the future, as above, chapter 28, 18. Compare ויצק השמן על ראשו Sam. I. 9, 6.
נסך bestand entweder aus Wein, zum Ausdruck, daß man seine höchste Freude Gott verdanke, oder aus Wasser, zum Ausdruck, daß auch jeder gewöhnliche Moment mit allen seinen Lebensbedingungen unmittelbar Gottes ist. — יצק שמן על dürfte die bleibende Weihe des Steines für die Zukunft bedeuten, wie oben Kap.28, 18. Vergl. ויצק השמן על ראשו Sam. I. 9, 6.
Rabbi David Zvi Hoffman (1843-1921)
ר' דוד צבי הופמן בראשית ל"ה:י"ד
ויסך – למעלה כ"ח:י"ח לא יצק יעקב אלא שמן על המצבה שהקים, אבל עכשו, כשהוא חוזר למולדתו והוא עתיר נכסים, הרי הוא נותן ביטוי לשמחת החיים שהיתה לו בעזרתו ית' על יד־ניסוך יין
Rabbi David Zvi Hoffman on Genesis 35:14
Above, he only poured oil upon the stone-pillar he erected (Genesis 28:18), but now, when he has returned to his birthland and is wealthy, he gives expression to the joy of life that he had with the help of God through the libating of wine.
