Learning Upside Down

There is a lot of complaint in the Torah, but on one thing Benei Yisrael is not complaining about is the acceptance of the Torah. In Shemot they rather enthusiasticly react "(...) all that Hashem has spoken we will do (...)".
Why then the Talmud tells the story that Hashem has to pick up the mountain and threaten the Benei Yisrael to accept the Torah? Didn't they accept the Torah already? How can we understand this contraditiction? Let us do some close reading to the sources.

שמות כ״ד:ז׳

(ז) וַיִּקַּח֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּאׇזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר ה' נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה וְנִשְׁמָֽע׃

Exodus 24:7

(7) Then he took the record of the covenant and read it aloud to the people. And they said, “All that ה' has spoken we will faithfully do!”

שבת פ״ח

וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ בְּתַחְתִּית הָהָר״, אָמַר רַב אַבְדִּימִי בַּר חָמָא בַּר חַסָּא: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּפָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הָהָר כְּגִיגִית, וְאָמַר לָהֶם: אִם אַתֶּם מְקַבְּלִים הַתּוֹרָה מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — שָׁם תְּהֵא קְבוּרַתְכֶם. אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב: מִכָּאן מוֹדָעָא רַבָּה לְאוֹרָיְיתָא.

BT Shabbat 88a

The Torah says, “And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the lowermost part of the mount” (Exodus 19:17). Rabbi Avdimi bar Ḥama bar Ḥasa said: the Jewish people actually stood beneath the mountain, and the verse teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, overturned the mountain above the Jews like a tub, and said to them: If you accept the Torah, excellent, and if not, there will be your burial. Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said: From here there is a substantial caveat to the obligation to fulfill the Torah. The Jewish people can claim that they were coerced into accepting the Torah, and it is therefore not binding.

פ״ח א:ה׳

כפה עליהן הר כגיגית - ואע"פ שכבר הקדימו נעשה לנשמע שמא יהיו חוזרים כשיראו האש הגדולה שיצאתה נשמתן ...

Tosafot 88a, 5

Overturned the mountain like a tub:

And even though they had already first said, "We will do," before, "and we will hear" - perhaps they would retract when they would see the great fire [on the mountain], such that their souls departed

שבת פ״ח

אָמַר רָבָא: אַף עַל פִּי כֵן הֲדוּר קַבְּלוּהָ בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, דִּכְתִיב: ״קִיְּמוּ וְקִבְּלוּ הַיְּהוּדִים״ — קִיְּימוּ מַה שֶּׁקִּיבְּלוּ כְּבָר.

Shabbat 88a

Rava said: Even so, they again accepted it willingly in the time of Ahasuerus, as it is written: “The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them” (Esther 9:27), and he taught: The Jews ordained what they had already taken upon themselves through coercion at Sinai.

שבת פ״ח

דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי סִימַאי: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ לְ״נִשְׁמָע״ בָּאוּ שִׁשִּׁים רִיבּוֹא שֶׁל מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת, לְכׇל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל קָשְׁרוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי כְתָרִים, אֶחָד כְּנֶגֶד ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ וְאֶחָד כְּנֶגֶד ״נִשְׁמָע״.

Shabbat 88a

Rabbi Simai taught: When Israel accorded precedence to the declaration “We will do” over the declaration “We will hear,” 600,000 ministering angels came and tied two crowns to each and every member of the Jewish people, one corresponding to “We will do” and one corresponding to “We will hear.”

אור החיים על שמות

ואולי כי בזה יתיישב מאמרם ז''ל (במס' שבת פ''ח.) שדרשו בפסוק (יז) ויתיצבו בתחתית ההר שכפה עליהם ההר כגיגית ואמר להם אם אתם מקבלים וכו' ואם לאו שם תהא קבורתכם, וקשה והלא הם אמרו (לקמן כ''ד ז') כל אשר דבר ה' נעשה ונשמע ומה מקום לכפייה זו

Or HaChaim on Exodus 19:54

(Written by Rabbi Hayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar (Morocco, 1696-1743))

Perhaps we can explain a difficult passage in Shabbat 88 according to which the words in 19,17: "they stood at the bottom of the Mountain" mean that G'd placed the Mountain in a threatening position, saying to the Israelites: "if you accept My Torah all well and good, if not, this site will be your burial place." This threat makes little sense in view of the fact that the Israelites had already declared their willingness to accept the Torah by saying in 24,7: "whatever G'd has said we shall do and listen (learn)."

עבודה זרה ב:ב

דכתיב (שמות יט, יז) ויתיצבו בתחתית ההר ואמר רב דימי בר חמא מלמד שכפה הקב"ה הר כגיגית על ישראל ואמר להם אם אתם מקבלין את התורה מוטב ואם לאו שם תהא קבורתכם

Avoda Zarah 2b

As it is written: “And they stood at the nether part of the mount” (Exodus 19:17), and Rav Dimi bar Ḥama says: The verse teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, overturned the mountain, i.e., Mount Sinai, above the Jews like a basin, and He said to them: If you accept the Torah, excellent, and if not, there, under the mountain, will be your burial.

We see a difficult dilemma in the passages we read up to now. Also there is an additional question coming up: what is meant by "the" Torah?

תפארת ישראל ל״ב:א׳

ויש לומר גם כן שלכך כפה עליהם ההר כגיגית, שלא יאמרו ישראל כי יהיה חס ושלום בטול לקבלת התורה, כי מרצונם קבלו ישראל ואפשר להפטר מדבר כזה שהרי לא נעשה בהכרח רק היה אפשר לקבל ואפשר שלא לקבל,

Tiferet Yisrael, 32: 1

Maharal brings that even if Israel had accepted the Torah on the basis of free will, Hashem would have to threaten the people anyway, because had Israel accepted the Torah only and completely by choice, it would have meant that their observance of the Torah would be also only voluntarily. Which means that if they should change their minds they would be able to abrogate it. Hashem showed them therefore that Torah obligation is so significant that it can't be a matter of choice. Being forced to accept the Torah includes being bound to Torah forever.

מדרש תנחומא, נח ג׳:ד׳

(ד) וְלֹא קִבְּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה עַד שֶׁכָּפָה עֲלֵיהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הָהָר כְּגִיגִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ בְּתַחְתִּית הָהָר (שמות יט, יז). וְאָמַר רַב דִּימִי בַּר חָמָא: אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אִם מְקַבְּלִים אַתֶּם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו, שָׁם תְּהֵא קְבוּרַתְכֶם. וְאִם תֹּאמַר, עַל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב כָּפָה עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הָהָר, וַהֲלֹא מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם מְקַבְּלִין אַתֶּם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, עָנוּ כֻלָּם וְאָמְרוּ נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ יְגִיעָה וְצַעַר וְהִיא מְעַט, אֶלָּא אָמַר לָהֶן עַל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ דִּקְדּוּקֵי מִצְוֹת קַלּוֹת וַחֲמוּרוֹת, וְהִיא עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת וְקָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָתָהּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹמֵד אוֹתָהּ אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁאוֹהֵב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּכָל לִבּוֹ וּבְכָל נַפְשׁוֹ וּבְכָל מְאֹדוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ (דברים ו, ה).

Midrash Tanchuma 58, 3:4 (transl. Rabbi Michael Feuer)

The Israelites did not accept the Torah until the Holy One, blessed be He, arched the mountain over them like a vessel, as it is said: And they stood beneath the mountain (Exod. 19:17). R. Dimi the son of Hama stated that the Holy One, blessed be He, told Israel: If you accept the Torah, well and good; but if not, your grave will be there. If you should say that He arched the mountain over them because of the Written Law, isn’t it true that as soon as He said to them, “Will you accept the Torah?” they all responded, “We will do and hear,” because the Written Law was brief and required no striving and suffering, but rather He threatened them because of the Oral Law. After all, it contains the detailed explanations of the commandments, both simple and difficult, and it is as severe as death, and as jealous as Sheol. One does not study the Oral Law unless he loves the Holy One, blessed be He, with all his heart, with all his soul, and with all his might, as it is said: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy might (Deut. 6:5)

יהושע א

לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵ֩פֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכׇל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל׃

Joshua 1:8 (JPS Translation)

Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful.

יומא פ״ה ב:ג׳

ר' שמעון בן מנסיא אומר (שמות לא, טז) ושמרו בני ישראל את השבת אמרה תורה חלל עליו שבת אחת כדי שישמור שבתות הרבה א"ר יהודה אמר שמואל אי הואי התם הוה אמינא דידי עדיפא מדידהו (ויקרא יח, ה) וחי בהם ולא שימות בהם

Yoma 85b:3

Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya said: It is stated: “And the children of Israel shall keep Shabbat, to observe Shabbat” (Exodus 31:16).

The Torah said: Desecrate one Shabbat on his behalf so he will observe many Shabbatot. Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: If I would have been there among those Sages who debated this question, I would have said that my proof is preferable to theirs, as it states: “You shall keep My statutes and My ordinances, which a person shall do and live by them” (Leviticus 18:5), and not that he should die by them. In all circumstances, one must take care not to die as a result of fulfilling the mitzvot.

בית יוסף, יורה דעה של״ו:ב׳

(א) שלא יאמר הקב"ה מוחץ ואני ארפא וכו' הם דברי הרמב"ן בספר ת"ה וז"ל ... האי רשות רשות דמצוה הוא לרפאות ובכלל פיקוח נפש הוא דתנן [יומא דף פג.] מאכילין אותו ע"פ בקיאין ... והואיל ומחללין שבת ברפואות ש"מ פיקוח נפש הן ופיקוח נפש מצוה רבה הוא והזריז בה משובח והנשאל מגונה והשואל שופך דמים וכ"ש המתייאש ואינו עושה וש"מ כל רופא שיודע בחכמה ובמלאכה זו חייב הוא לרפאות ואם מונע עצמו ה"ז שופך דמים:

Beit Yosef, Yoreh Deah 336:2

That he shall not say The holy One smites me and I heal?!

These are the words of the Ramban in his Sefer Torat Ha'Adam: ...This permission is permission of Mitzvah to heal. It is included in Pikuach Nefesh [seeking to keep a person alive] as we learned (Talmud Yoma 83a) we feed him (on Yom Kippur) by the recommendation of doctors... And since we break Shabbos to heal we can deduce it is included in Pikuach Nefesh, which is a great Mitzvah. Therefore one who is quick [to break Shabbos for healing] is praised, and [a Rabbi] who is asked [if one should heal] is a disgrace, and the one who asked is spilling blood. So we see that any doctor the wisdom and technique [for healing] is obligated to heal...

Further Questions:
What is the difference between the Written and the Oral Torah?
What more reasons do you find why we have to learn and live the Oral Torah?
Do you find examples?