יבמות קח - מקורות נלווים

ByYoel Kretzmer-Raziel

תוספתא יבמות (ליברמן) י״ג:א׳

בראשונה היו כותבין שטרי מיאונין, לא שפיא ליה, ולא רעיא ליה, ולית היא צביא להתנסבא ליה.

...כיצד מצות מיאון? אמרה אי איפשי בפלוני בעלי, אי איפשי בקדושין שקדשתני, אמא, או אחי.

אפי' היא יושבת באפריון והלכה אצל מי שנתקדשה לו, ואמרה לפניו, אי איפשי בפלוני בעלי זה, אין מיאון גדול מזה.

ר' יהודה אומ': אפי' נכנסה ליטול חפץ מחנוני, ואמרה בפניו, אי איפשי בפלוני בעלי זה, אין מיאון גדול מזה.

יתר על כן אמ' ר' יהודה: אפי' אורחין מסובין, ואמרה בפניהם, אי איפשי בפלוני בעלי, אין מיאון גדול מזה.

Tosefta Yevamot (Lieberman) 13:1

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תלמוד ירושלמי יבמות י״ג:ב׳:ג׳

מַה, חֲלוּקִין עַל רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן אַנְטִיגֳנוֹס? מִן מַה דָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן, "אֵי זוֹ הִיא קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה לְהִתְגָּרֵשׁ? כָּל־שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין לָהּ גִּיטָּהּ וְדָבָר אַחֵר עַמּוֹ וְהִיא מוֹצִיאָה אוֹתוֹ לְאַחַר זְמָן", הָדָא אָֽמְרָה: חֲלוּקִין עַל רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן אַנְטִיגֳנוֹס.

Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot 13:2:3

Do they disagree with Rebbi Ḥananiah ben Antigonos? From what Rebbi Joḥanan said, which is the underage girl that needs a bill of divorce? Anyone who is given her bill of divorce together with something else and she produces it after some time. This implies that they disagree with Rebbi Ḥananiah ben Antigonos.

תוספתא יבמות (ליברמן) י״ג:ד׳

אמ' ר' ישמעאל: חיזרתי על כל מדת חכמים ולא מצאתי אדם שמדתו שוה בקטנות, חוץ מר' ליעזר, ורואה אני את דברי ר' ליעזר מדברי ר' יהושע, שר' ליעזר השוה את מדתו, ור' יהושע חלק.

Tosefta Yevamot (Lieberman) 13:4

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תוספות על יבמות ק״ח ב:י׳:א׳

אמר ר' אלעזר תברא כו' - רבא הוא דמסיק הכי אע"ג דרב יהודה הוה בשינוייא קמא יודע היה רבא שכך היתה הקושיא ומשמיה דרבי אלעזר [נאמרה] וכה"ג בפרק כירה (שבת מד. ושם) דאמר רב הונא מטה שיחדה למעות כו' ומותיב רב נחמן בר יצחק כו' אלא אי איתמר הכי איתמר אמר רב יהודה כו' ולא קאמר משמיה דרב הונא כדמעיקרא לפי שהיה יודע האמת שרב יהודה אמרה:

Tosafot on Yevamot 108b:10:1

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תלמוד ירושלמי יבמות י״ג:ג׳:ב׳

רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר כול׳.

תַּנֵּי: רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: כָּל־עַכָּבָה שֶׁהִיא מִן הָאִישׁ כְּאִילּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ - בְגֵט. וְכָל־עַכָּבָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ מִן הָאִישׁ כְּאִילּוּ אֵינָהּ אִשְׁתּוֹ - בְמֵיאוּנִים.

Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot 13:3:2

HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob said,” etc. It was stated: “Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob said, every impediment that comes from the man by a bill of divorce makes her as if she were his wife; every impediment that does not come from the man by repudiation makes her as if she were not his wife.”

שמות כ״ב

(טו) וְכִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ (טז) אִם־מָאֵ֧ן יְמָאֵ֛ן אָבִ֖יהָ לְתִתָּ֣הּ ל֑וֹ כֶּ֣סֶף יִשְׁקֹ֔ל כְּמֹ֖הַר הַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃

Exodus 22

(1) If the thief is seized while tunneling and beaten to death, there is no bloodguilt in that case. (2) If the sun had already risen, there is bloodguilt in that case.—[The thief] must make restitution, and if lacking the means, shall be sold for the theft. (3) But if what was stolen—whether ox or ass or sheep—is found alive and in hand, that person shall pay double. (4) When any party who owns livestock lets it loose to graze in another’s land, and so allows a field or a vineyard to be grazed bare, restitution must be made for the impairment of that field or vineyard. (5) When a fire is started and spreads to thorns, so that stacked, standing, or growing grain is consumed, the one who started the fire must make restitution. (6) When any party gives money or goods to another for safekeeping, and they are stolen from that other party’s house: if caught, the thief shall pay double; (7) if the thief is not caught, the owner of the house shall depose before God and deny laying hands on the other’s property. (8) (In all charges of misappropriation—pertaining to an ox, an ass, a sheep, a garment, or any other loss, whereof one party alleges, “This is it”—the case of both parties shall come before God: the one whom God declares guilty shall pay double to the other.) (9) When any party gives to another an ass, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to guard, and it dies or is injured or is carried off, with no witness about, (10) an oath before יהוה shall decide between the two of them that the one has not laid hands on the property of the other; the owner must acquiesce, and no restitution shall be made. (11) But if [the animal] was stolen from the guardian, restitution shall be made to its owner. (12) If it was torn by beasts, the guardian shall bring it as evidence—not needing to replace what has been torn by beasts. (13) When any party borrows [an animal] from another and it dies or is injured, its owner not being with it, restitution must be made. (14) If its owner was with it, no restitution need be made; but if it was hired, that payment is due. (15) If a man seduces a virgin for whom the bride-price has not been paid, and lies with her, he must make her his wife by payment of a bride-price. (16) If her father refuses to give her to him, he must still weigh out silver in accordance with the bride-price for virgins. (17) You shall not tolerate a sorceress. (18) Whoever lies with a beast shall be put to death. (19) Whoever sacrifices to a god other than יהוה alone shall be proscribed. (20) You shall not wrong or oppress a stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. (21) You [communal leaders] shall not ill-treat any widow or orphan. (22) If you do mistreat them, I will heed their outcry as soon as they cry out to Me, (23) and My anger shall blaze forth and I will put you to the sword, and your own wives shall become widows and your children orphans. (24) If you lend money to My people, to the poor among you, do not act toward them as a creditor; exact no interest from them. (25) If you take your neighbor’s garment in pledge, you must return it before the sun sets; (26) it is the only available clothing—it is what covers the skin. In what else shall [your neighbor] sleep? Therefore, if that person cries out to Me, I will pay heed, for I am compassionate. (27) You shall not revile God, nor put a curse upon a chieftain among your people. (28) You shall not put off the skimming of the first yield of your vats. You shall give Me the male first-born among your children. (29) You shall do the same with your cattle and your flocks: seven days the male first-born shall remain with its mother; on the eighth day you shall give it to Me. (30) You shall be holy people to Me: you must not eat flesh torn by beasts in the field; you shall cast it to the dogs.

דברים כ״ה

(ה) כִּֽי־יֵשְׁב֨וּ אַחִ֜ים יַחְדָּ֗ו וּמֵ֨ת אַחַ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ וּבֵ֣ן אֵֽין־ל֔וֹ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּ֛ת הַח֖וּצָה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר יְבָמָהּ֙ יָבֹ֣א עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְקָחָ֥הּ ל֛וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃ (ו) וְהָיָ֗ה הַבְּכוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד יָק֕וּם עַל־שֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו הַמֵּ֑ת וְלֹֽא־יִמָּחֶ֥ה שְׁמ֖וֹ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ז) וְאִם־לֹ֤א יַחְפֹּץ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ לָקַ֖חַת אֶת־יְבִמְתּ֑וֹ וְעָלְתָה֩ יְבִמְתּ֨וֹ הַשַּׁ֜עְרָה אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים וְאָֽמְרָה֙ מֵאֵ֨ן יְבָמִ֜י לְהָקִ֨ים לְאָחִ֥יו שֵׁם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה יַבְּמִֽי׃ (ח) וְקָֽרְאוּ־ל֥וֹ זִקְנֵי־עִיר֖וֹ וְדִבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֑יו וְעָמַ֣ד וְאָמַ֔ר לֹ֥א חָפַ֖צְתִּי לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ (ט) וְנִגְּשָׁ֨ה יְבִמְתּ֣וֹ אֵלָיו֮ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִים֒ וְחָלְצָ֤ה נַעֲלוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְל֔וֹ וְיָרְקָ֖ה בְּפָנָ֑יו וְעָֽנְתָה֙ וְאָ֣מְרָ֔ה כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יִבְנֶ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָחִֽיו׃ (י) וְנִקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בֵּ֖ית חֲל֥וּץ הַנָּֽעַל׃ {ס}

Deuteronomy 25

(1) When there is a dispute between two parties and they go to law, and a decision is rendered declaring the one in the right and the other in the wrong— (2) if the guilty one is to be flogged, the magistrate shall have the person lie down and shall supervise the giving of lashes, by count, as warranted by the offense. (3) The guilty one may be given up to forty lashes, but not more, lest being flogged further, to excess, your peer be degraded before your eyes. (4) You shall not muzzle an ox while it is threshing. (5) When brothers dwell together and one of them dies and leaves no offspring, the wife of the deceased shall not become that of another party, outside the family. Her husband’s brother shall unite with her: he shall take her as his wife and perform the levir’s duty. (6) The first child that she bears shall be accounted to the dead brother, that his name may not be blotted out in Israel. (7) But if that party does not want to take his brother’s widow [to wife], his brother’s widow shall appear before the elders in the gate and declare, “My husband’s brother refuses to establish a name in Israel for his brother; he will not perform the duty of a levir.” (8) The elders of his town shall then summon him and talk to him. If he insists, saying, “I do not want to take her,” (9) his brother’s widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, pull the sandal off his foot, spit in his face, and make this declaration: Thus shall be done to the man who will not build up his brother’s house! (10) And he shall go in Israel by the name of “the family of the unsandaled one.” (11) If two parties are fighting—one man with another—and the wife of one comes up to save her husband from his antagonist and puts out her hand and seizes him by his genitals, (12) you shall cut off her hand; show no pity. (13) You shall not have in your pouch alternate weights, larger and smaller. (14) You shall not have in your house alternate measures, a larger and a smaller. (15) You must have completely honest weights and completely honest measures, if you are to endure long on the soil that your God יהוה is giving you. (16) For everyone who does those things, everyone who deals dishonestly, is abhorrent to your God יהוה. (17) Remember what Amalek did to you on your journey, after you left Egypt— (18) how, undeterred by fear of God, he surprised you on the march, when you were famished and weary, and cut down all the stragglers in your rear. (19) Therefore, when your God יהוה grants you safety from all your enemies around you, in the land that your God יהוה is giving you as a hereditary portion, you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!

מכילתא דרבי ישמעאל, מַסֶּכְתָּא דִנְזִיקִין י״ז:י״א

אם מאן ימאן אביה - אין לי אלא בזמן שיש לה אב, בזמן שאין לה אב מנין? תלמוד לומר "אם מאן ימאן" - מכל מקום, דברי רבי יוסי הגלילי.

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, Tractate Nezikin 17:11

"if her father refuse, refuse": This tells me only of one who has a father. Whence do I derive the same for one who does not have a father (i.e., that she herself may refuse)? It is, therefore, written "If refuse, refuse" — in any event.