תורה
יכוין בקריאת ארבע פסוקים אלו שהם כנגד דֲ דמילוי יו''ד דשם ב''ן להשאיר בו הארה מתוספת הרוח משבת שעברה:
יא (לב) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֥ת כׇּל־הַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃
וְתִטְּרוּן לְמֶעְבַּד יָת כָּל קְיָמַיָּא וְיָת דִּינַיָּא דִּי אֲנָא יָהֵב קֳדָמֵיכוֹן יוֹמָא דֵין:
יב (א) אֵ֠לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַעֲשׂוֹת֒ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֧י אֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ לְךָ֖ לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ כׇּ֨ל־הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם חַיִּ֖ים עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃
אִלֵּין קְיָמַיָּא וְדִינַיָּא דִּי תִטְּרוּן לְמֶעְבַּד בְּאַרְעָא דִּיהַב יְיָ אֱלָהָא דַאֲבָהָתָךְ לָךְ לְמֵירְתַהּ כָּל יוֹמַיָּא דִּי אַתּוּן קַיָּמִין עַל אַרְעָא:
(ב) אַבֵּ֣ד תְּ֠אַבְּד֠וּן אֶֽת־כׇּל־הַמְּקֹמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֧ר עָֽבְדוּ־שָׁ֣ם הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם יֹרְשִׁ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֤ים הָֽרָמִים֙ וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֔וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כׇּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃
אַבָּדָא תְאַבְּדוּן יָת כָּל אַתְרַיָּא דִּי פְלָחוּ תַמָּן עַמְמַיָּא דִּי אַתּוּן יָרְתִין יָתְהוֹן יָת טַעֲוָתְהוֹן עַל טוּרַיָּא רָמַיָּא וְעַל רָמָתָא וּתְחוֹת כָּל אִילַן עַבּוֹף:
(ג) וְנִתַּצְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֗ם וְשִׁבַּרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־מַצֵּ֣בֹתָ֔ם וַאֲשֵֽׁרֵיהֶם֙ תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֔שׁ וּפְסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם תְּגַדֵּע֑וּן וְאִבַּדְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַהֽוּא׃
וּתְתָרְעוּן יָת אֱגוֹרֵיהוֹן וּתְתַבְּרוּן יָת קָמָתְהוֹן וַאֲשֵׁרֵיהוֹן תּוֹקְדוּן בְּנוּרָא וְצַלְמֵי טַעֲוָתְהוֹן תְּקוֹצְצוּן וְתוֹבְדוּן יָת שִׁמְהוֹן מִן אַתְרָא הַהוּא:
11 (32) And you shall observe to do all the statutes and judgments which I set before you this day.
12 (1) These are the statutes and judgments, which you shall observe to do in the land, which the Lord God of thy fathers gives thee to possess it, all the days that you live upon the earth.
(2) You shall utterly destroy all the places, in which the nations whom you are to dispossess, served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree:
(3) and you shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their asherim with fire; and you shall hew down the carvings of their gods, and destroy the name of them out of that place.
נביאים
נד (יז) כׇּל־כְּלִ֞י יוּצַ֤ר עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ לֹ֣א יִצְלָ֔ח וְכׇל־לָשׁ֛וֹן תָּקוּם־אִתָּ֥ךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט תַּרְשִׁ֑יעִי זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ עַבְדֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֧ה וְצִדְקָתָ֛ם מֵאִתִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
כָּל זַיִן דְיִתַּקַן עֲלַךְ יְרוּשְׁלֵם לָא יַצְלַח וְכָל לִישָׁן דִיקוּם עִמָךְ לְדִינָא תְּחַיְבִינֵהּ דָא אַחְסָנַת עֲבָדַיָא דַייָ וְזַכְוָתֵיהוֹן מִן קֳדָמַי אֲמַר יְיָ:
נה (א) ה֤וֹי כׇּל־צָמֵא֙ לְכ֣וּ לַמַּ֔יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֖וֹ כָּ֑סֶף לְכ֤וּ שִׁבְרוּ֙ וֶאֱכֹ֔לוּ וּלְכ֣וּ שִׁבְר֗וּ בְּלוֹא־כֶ֛סֶף וּבְל֥וֹא מְחִ֖יר יַ֥יִן וְחָלָֽב׃
וַי כָּל דְצָבִי לְמֵילָף יֵיתֵי וְיֵלֵף וּדְלֵית לֵיהּ כְּסַף אֱתוֹ שְׁמָעוּ וַאֲלִיפוּ וֶאֱתוֹ שְׁמָעוּ בְלָא בְדָמִין וּבְלָא בְּמָמוֹן אוּלְפַן דְטַב מַחֲמָר וּמֵחָלָב:
(ב) לָ֤מָּה תִשְׁקְלוּ־כֶ֙סֶף֙ בְּלוֹא־לֶ֔חֶם וִיגִֽיעֲכֶ֖ם בְּל֣וֹא לְשׇׂבְעָ֑ה שִׁמְע֨וּ שָׁמ֤וֹעַ אֵלַי֙ וְאִכְלוּ־ט֔וֹב וְתִתְעַנַּ֥ג בַּדֶּ֖שֶׁן נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃
לְמָא תִתְקְלוּן כַּסְפְּכוֹן בְּלָא לְמֵיכַל וְלֵאוּתְכוֹן בְּלָא לְמִשְׂבַּע קַבִּילוּ קַבְּלָא לְמֵימְרִי וֶאֱכוּלוּ דְטַב וְתִתְפַּנֵק בְּדִדְהֵין נַפְשְׁכוֹן:
(ג) הַטּ֤וּ אׇזְנְכֶם֙ וּלְכ֣וּ אֵלַ֔י שִׁמְע֖וּ וּתְחִ֣י נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְאֶכְרְתָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם חַֽסְדֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הַנֶּֽאֱמָנִֽים׃
אַרְכִינוּ אוּדְנֵיכוֹן וְקַבִּילוּ לְמֵימְרִי שְׁמָעוּ וְתִתְקַיֵם נַפְשְׁכוֹן וְאֶגְזַר לְכוֹן קְיַם עֲלָם טַבְוַת דָוִד דִמְהֵימְנָן:
54 (17) No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. This is the heritage of the servants of the Lord and the recompense of their righteousness appointed by me, says the Lord.
55 (1) Ho, every one that thirsts, come to the water, and he that has no money; come, buy, and eat; come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.
(2) Why do you spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfies not? hearken diligently to me, and eat that which is good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness.
(3) Incline your ear, and come to me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure loving promises of David.
כתובים
מה (א) לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ עַל־שֹׁ֭שַׁנִּים לִבְנֵי־קֹ֑רַח מַ֝שְׂכִּ֗יל שִׁ֣יר יְדִידֹֽת׃
לְשַׁבָּחָא עַל יָתְבֵי סַנְהֶדְרִין דְמֹשֶׁה דְאִתְאֲמַר בִּנְבוּאָה עַל יְדֵיהוֹן דִבְנֵי קֹרַח שִׂכְלָא טָבָא וְתֻשְׁבַּחְתָּא וְאוֹדָאֲתָא:
(ב) רָ֘חַ֤שׁ לִבִּ֨י ׀ דָּ֘בָ֤ר ט֗וֹב אֹמֵ֣ר אָ֭נִי מַעֲשַׂ֣י לְמֶ֑לֶךְ לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗י עֵ֤ט ׀ סוֹפֵ֬ר מָהִֽיר׃
בָּעֵי לִבִּי מַמְלַל טָב אֵימַר אֲנִי עוֹבָדַי לְמַלְכָּא מַמְלַל לִישָׁנֵי מוֹחִי הֵיךְ קוֹלְמוֹס סַפְרָא רָגִיל:
(ג) יׇפְיָפִ֡יתָ מִבְּנֵ֬י אָדָ֗ם ה֣וּצַק חֵ֭ן בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָ עַל־כֵּ֤ן בֵּֽרַכְךָ֖ אֱלֹהִ֣ים לְעוֹלָֽם׃
שׁוֹפְרָךְ מַלְכָּא מְשִׁיחָא עֲדִיף מִבְּנֵי נְשָׁא אִתְיְהֵיב רוּחַ נְבוּאָה בְסִפְוָתָךְ מְטוּל כֵּן בֵּרְכִנָךְ יְיָ לְעָלְמָא:
(ד) חֲגֽוֹר־חַרְבְּךָ֣ עַל־יָרֵ֣ךְ גִּבּ֑וֹר ה֝וֹדְךָ֗ וַהֲדָרֶֽךָ׃
זָרֵז סַיְפָּךְ עַל יַרְכָךְ גִבָּרָא לְמִקְטַל מַלְכִין עִם שִׁלְטוֹנִין הוֹדָךְ וְשִׁיבְהוֹרָךְ:
45 (1) To the chief Musician, to Shoshannim, A Maskil for the sons of Qoraĥ. A Song of loves.
(2) My heart overflows with a goodly matter: I relate my verses for the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer.
(3) Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God has blessed thee for ever.
(4) Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O mighty warrior: thy glory and thy majesty.
משנה
א. חֹמֶר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ מִבַּתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁמַּטְבִּילִין כֵּלִים בְּתוֹךְ כֵּלִים לַתְּרוּמָה, אֲבָל לֹא לַקֹּדֶשׁ. אֲחוֹרַיִם וְתוֹךְ וּבֵית הַצְּבִיטָה בַּתְּרוּמָה, אֲבָל לֹא בַקֹּדֶשׁ. הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַמִּדְרָס נוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ. בִּגְדֵי אוֹכְלֵי תְרוּמָה, מִדְרָס לַקֹּדֶשׁ. לֹא כְמִדַּת הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִדַּת הַתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁבַּקֹּדֶשׁ מַתִּיר וּמְנַגֵּב וּמַטְבִּיל וְאַחַר כָּךְ קוֹשֵׁר, וּבַתְּרוּמָה קוֹשֵׁר וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַטְבִּיל:
ב. כֵּלִים הַנִּגְמָרִין בְּטָהֳרָה, צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה לַקֹּדֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא לַתְּרוּמָה. הַכְּלִי מְצָרֵף מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ לַקֹּדֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא לַתְּרוּמָה. הָרְבִיעִי בַּקֹּדֶשׁ פָּסוּל, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי בַּתְּרוּמָה. וּבַתְּרוּמָה, אִם נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מִיָּדָיו, חֲבֶרְתָּהּ טְהוֹרָה. וּבַקֹּדֶשׁ, מַטְבִּיל שְׁתֵּיהֶן, שֶׁהַיָּד מְטַמָּא אֶת חֲבֶרְתָּהּ בַּקֹּדֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא בַּתְּרוּמָה:
ג. אוֹכְלִין אֳכָלִים נְגוּבִין בְּיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת בַּתְּרוּמָה, אֲבָל לֹא בַּקֹּדֶשׁ. הָאוֹנֵן וּמְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה לַקֹּדֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא לַתְּרוּמָה:
ד. חֹמֶר בַּתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁבִּיהוּדָה נֶאֱמָנִים עַל טָהֳרַת יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, וּבִשְׁעַת הַגִּתּוֹת וְהַבַּדִּים אַף עַל הַתְּרוּמָה. עָבְרוּ הַגִּתּוֹת וְהַבַּדִּים וְהֵבִיאוּ לוֹ חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, לֹא יְקַבְּלֶנָּה מִמֶּנּוּ, אֲבָל מַנִּיחָהּ לַגַּת הַבָּאָה. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ, הִפְרַשְׁתִּי לְתוֹכָהּ רְבִיעִית קֹדֶשׁ, נֶאֱמָן. כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן הַמְדֻמָּעוֹת, נֶאֱמָנִין עֲלֵיהֶם בִּשְׁעַת הַגִּתּוֹת וְהַבַּדִּים, וְקֹדֶם לַגִּתּוֹת שִׁבְעִים יוֹם:
ה. מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלִפְנִים, נֶאֱמָנִין עַל כְּלֵי חֶרֶס. מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלַחוּץ, אֵין נֶאֱמָנִים. כֵּיצַד, הַקַּדָּר שֶׁהוּא מוֹכֵר הַקְּדֵרוֹת, נִכְנַס לִפְנִים מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית, הוּא הַקַּדָּר וְהֵן הַקְּדֵרוֹת וְהֵן הַלּוֹקְחִים, נֶאֱמָן. יָצָא, אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן:
ו. הַגַּבָּאִין שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, וְכֵן הַגַּנָּבִים שֶׁהֶחֱזִירוּ אֶת הַכֵּלִים, נֶאֱמָנִין לוֹמַר, לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַקֹּדֶשׁ, וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל אַף עַל הַתְּרוּמָה:
ז. הַפּוֹתֵחַ אֶת חָבִיתוֹ, וְהַמַּתְחִיל בְּעִסָּתוֹ עַל גַּב הָרֶגֶל, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִגְמֹר. מִשֶּׁעָבַר הָרֶגֶל, הָיוּ מַעֲבִירִין עַל טָהֳרַת עֲזָרָה. עָבַר הָרֶגֶל בְּיוֹם שִׁשִּׁי, לֹא הָיוּ מַעֲבִירִין, מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא בְיוֹם חֲמִישִׁי, שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים פְּנוּיִין:
ח. כֵּיצַד מַעֲבִירִים עַל טָהֳרַת עֲזָרָה. מַטְבִּילִין אֶת הַכֵּלִים שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאוֹמְרִין לָהֶם, הִזָּהֲרוּ שֶׁלֹּא תִגְּעוּ בַּשֻּׁלְחָן וּבַמְּנוֹרָה וּתְטַמְּאוּהוּ. כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, יֵשׁ לָהֶם שְׁנִיִּים וּשְׁלִישִׁים, שֶׁאִם נִטְמְאוּ הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, יָבִיאוּ שְׁנִיִּים תַּחְתֵּיהֶן. כָּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, טְעוּנִין טְבִילָה, חוּץ מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב וּמִזְבַּח הַנְּחֹשֶׁת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כַּקַּרְקַע, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְצֻפִּין:
1. Concerning several matters there is greater stringency with regard to sacrificial food than with regard to teruma, a portion of the produce designated for the priest. This expresses itself in many ways, the first being that one may immerse vessels inside other vessels to purify them for teruma; but not for sacrificial food, for which one must immerse each vessel separately. Another difference is that the halakhot of the back of a vessel and its inside and its place for gripping apply to vessels used for teruma, meaning that each part of the vessel has its own use and is considered a separate vessel in that it does not convey impurity to the other parts of the vessel when it contracts impurity; but not to sacrificial food, for which an impure section of the vessel does convey impurity to all the other sections. Likewise, one who carries an object trodden on by a zav, a man suffering from gonorrhea, may carry teruma at the same time, if he is careful that neither he nor the impure object should come into contact with the teruma, but this may not be done with sacrificial food. The garments of those who eat teruma are like an object trodden on by a zav with regard to sacrificial food. The mishna lists other stringencies that apply to sacrificial foods but not to teruma: The characteristics of teruma are not like the characteristics of sacrificial food, as in the case of vessels that are used with sacrificial food, if one has a garment or vessel that is tied up he must untie it and dry it if there was any moisture on it, as both a knot and absorbed moisture are considered interpositions that prevent the water of the ritual bath from reaching the entire garment. And he may then immerse them, and afterward he may tie them up again if he wishes. But with regard to teruma he may, if he so desires, tie up the garment and then immerse it without any concern that the knot might be considered an interposition.
2. Vessels that were fashioned and completed in purity nevertheless require immersion to be considered pure for sacrificial foods, but not for teruma. A vessel combines all the food that is in it with regard to sacrificial food, meaning that if one piece of food becomes impure all the other pieces become impure as well; but not with regard to teruma, concerning which each piece is treated independently. The mishna continues the list of differences between sacrificial food and teruma. Sacrificial food that is impure with fourth-degree impurity is disqualified, meaning that the sacrificial food is rendered impure but it does not impart impurity to other items. Teruma is disqualified when it is impure with third-degree impurity; it is not susceptible to fourth-degree impurity at all. And with regard to teruma, if one of one’s hands became impure by rabbinic law that renders only the hands impure, its counterpart, i.e., the other hand, remains pure. But with regard to sacrificial food, if one hand becomes impure he must immerse them both, as one hand renders its counterpart impure with regard to sacrificial food but not with regard to teruma.
3. One may eat dry foods, i.e., foods that have never come into contact with liquid and are therefore not susceptible to impurity, with impure hands when it is teruma, but not when it is sacrificial food. An acute mourner [onen], i.e., someone who has experienced the loss of a close relative on that day, who had not come into contact with the deceased; and one who is lacking atonement, i.e., someone who still needs to bring an offering to complete his purification procedure, such as a zav or a woman after childbirth, both require immersion in order to eat sacrificial food. The onen would immerse after the day has passed and the one lacking atonement would immerse after the requisite offering is brought. However, immersion in these cases is not necessary for eating teruma.
4. The previous mishna listed stringencies that apply to sacrificial food but not to teruma. However, there are also stringencies that apply to teruma over sacrificial food: In Judea all people, even people who are not generally meticulous in their observance of the halakhot of ritual purity [amei ha’aretz], are trusted with regard to the purity of consecrated wine and oil throughout all the days of the year. And during the period of the winepress and olive press, when grapes and olives are pressed and made into wine and oil, respectively, they are trusted even with regard to the purity of teruma, as all people, including amei ha’aretz, purify their vessels for this season. But once the periods of the winepress and olive press have passed, if amei ha’aretz brought to him, i.e., to a priest who is meticulous concerning the halakhot of ritual purity [ḥaver], a barrel of teruma wine, he may not accept it from them, as amei ha’aretz are not trusted with regard to matters of ritual purity during the rest of the year. But the giver may leave it over for the following winepress season, in the following year, at which point the ḥaver priest may accept it from him, although it was prohibited for him to accept the same barrel beforehand. And if the giver said to the priest: I separated and placed into this barrel of teruma a quarter-log of sacrificial wine or oil, he is trusted with regard to the entire contents of the barrel. Since an am ha’aretz is trusted with regard to the purity of sacrificial food, he is also believed with regard to teruma that is mingled with the sacrificial food. With regard to jugs of wine and jugs of oil that are mingled, amei ha’aretz are trusted with regard to them during the period of the winepress and the olive press, and also up to seventy days before the winepress, for that is when people begin to purify their vessels in preparation for the wine-pressing season.
5. From Modi’im and inward toward Jerusalem, i.e., in the area surrounding Jerusalem, up to the distance of the town of Modi’im, which is fifteen mil from Jerusalem, all potters, including amei ha’aretz, are deemed credible with regard to the purity of earthenware vessels that they have produced. Because these places supplied earthenware vessels for the people in Jerusalem, the Sages did not decree impurity for them. From Modi’im and outward, however, they are not deemed credible. The details of this ruling are specified: How so? A potter who sells pots, if he entered within Modi’im from outside it, although the potter, and the pots, and the customers were all previously located outside Modi’im, where he is not deemed credible with regard to purity, he is now deemed credible. And the opposite is true of the opposite case: If the same person who was deemed credible inside left the boundaries of Modi’im, he is no longer deemed credible.
6. In the case of amei ha’aretz tax collectors who entered a house to collect items for a tax, and similarly thieves who returned the vessels they had stolen, they are deemed credible when they say: We did not touch the rest of the objects in the house, and those items remain pure. And in Jerusalem all people, even amei ha’aretz, are deemed credible with regard to sacrificial food throughout the year, and during a pilgrimage Festival they are deemed credible even with regard to teruma.
7. In the case of one who opens his barrel of wine for public sale, and similarly one who starts selling his dough during the time of the pilgrimage Festival, and these items perforce come into contact with amei ha’aretz, Rabbi Yehuda says: Since the food was pure, despite its contact with amei ha’aretz, when he began selling it, he may finish selling it in a state of purity even after the Festival, and there is no concern about the contact that has been made by amei ha’aretz during the Festival. But the Rabbis say: He may not finish selling it. Once the pilgrimage Festival has passed by, the priests pass all the vessels of the Temple courtyard through a process of purification, since they were touched by am ha’aretz priests during the Festival. If the Festival passed by into a Friday, i.e., if the Festival ended on Thursday night, they would not pass the vessels through the purification process on that day, due to the honor of Shabbat, in order to give the priests time to prepare the requirements of Shabbat. Rabbi Yehuda says: They do not even purify them on Thursday, in the event that the Festival ended on Wednesday night, because the priests are not free to do so.
8. How do they pass all the vessels of the Temple courtyard through a process of purification? They immerse the vessels that were in the Temple. And they say to the am ha’aretz priests who served in the Temple during the Festival: Be careful that you not touch the table of the shewbread. If you defile it by touching it, it would need to be removed for immersion, and this would lead to the temporary suspension of the mitzva of the shewbread, which had to be on the table at all times. The mishna continues: All the vessels that were in the Temple had second and third substitute vessels, so that if the first ones became impure they could bring the second ones in their place. All the vessels that were in the Temple required immersion after the Festival, apart from the golden altar and the bronze altar, because they are considered like the ground and therefore, like land itself, not susceptible to impurity. This is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer. And the Rabbis say: It is because they are coated.
גמרא
וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְצוּפִּין. אַדְּרַבָּא כֵּיוָן דִּמְצוּפִּין נִינְהוּ מִטְּמוּ אֵימָא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְצוּפִּין. וְאִי בָּעִית אֵימָא רַבָּנָן לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר קָאָמְרֵי מַאי דַּעְתִּיךְ מִשּׁוּם דִּמְצוּפִּין מִיבְטַל בָּטִיל צִיפּוּיָין גַּבַּיְהוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבְהוּ אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים אֵין אוּר שֶׁל גֵּיהִנָּם שׁוֹלֶטֶת בָּהֶן קַל וָחֹמֶר מִסָּלָמַנְדְּרָא וּמַה סָּלָמַנְדְּרָא שֶׁתּוֹלַדָת אֵשׁ הִיא הַסָּךְ מִדָּמָהּ אֵין אוּר שׁוֹלֶטֶת בּוֹ, תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁכָּל גּוּפָן אֵשׁ, דִּכְתִיב (ירמיה כג) הֲלוֹא כֹה דְּבָרִי כָּאֵשׁ נְאֻם ה'. עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: אֵין אוּר שֶׁל גֵּיהִנָּם שׁוֹלֶטֶת בְּפוֹשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, קַל וָחֹמֶר מִמִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב. מַה מִּזְבַּח הַזָּהָב שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו אֶלָּא כְּעוֹבִי דִּינַר זָהָב כַּמָּה שָׁנִים אֵין הָאוּר שׁוֹלֶטֶת בּוֹ, פּוֹשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁמְּלֵאִין מִצְוֹת כְּרִמּוֹן דִּכְתִיב (שיר ג) כְּפֶלַח הָרִמּוֹן רַקָּתֵךְ. אַל תִּקְרֵי רַקָּתֵךְ אֶלָּא רֵיקָנִין שֶׁבָּךְ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה:
§ According to the mishna, Rabbi Eliezer maintains that the altars are pure because they are like the ground, and the Rabbis say: It is because they are coated. The mishna seems to be saying that the Rabbis are offering a different reason for the altars not being susceptible to impurity, namely, that they are coated. The Gemara is puzzled by this: On the contrary, since they are coated with gold or bronze that is a reason that they should contract impurity, as the metal coating makes the entire altar considered as a metal vessel, as stated above, and metal is susceptible to impurity. The Gemara answers: Say and emend the mishna text as follows: And the Rabbis disagree with Rabbi Eliezer altogether, and declare the altars to be susceptible to impurity, because they are coated.
And if you wish, say that our text of the mishna is correct, and we should understand that the Rabbis were saying their statement in response to Rabbi Eliezer: What is your reasoning for stating that the altars are not susceptible to impurity because they are like the ground? Why didn’t you say simply that they are wooden vessels fixed in one place? For that is sufficient reason for them not to be susceptible to impurity. Is it because they are coated with metal, and therefore they would be considered metal vessels rather than wooden ones, and susceptible to impurity, were it not for the fact that they are considered like the ground?
This is a mistake, for the coating is not important, and their coating is nullified and considered subordinate to them, so that they are indeed considered wooden vessels in a fixed place and therefore not susceptible to impurity. Although generally the status of a vessel does follow its coating, the Temple table and its altars are exceptions, as derived from the verse in Ezekiel cited above (41:22). There is therefore no need to mention that they are compared to the ground. Since these altars are made of wood they do not contract impurity, irrespective of whether or not they are attached to the ground.
§ Apropos the coating of the altar, the Gemara cites an Aggadic teaching: Rabbi Abbahu said that Rabbi Elazar said: The fire of Gehenna has no power over Torah scholars. This can be derived by an a fortiori inference from the salamander [salamandra], a creature created out of fire and immune to its effects, and whose blood is fireproof: If a salamander, which is merely a product of fire, and nevertheless when one anoints his body with its blood, fire has no power over him, all the more so should fire not have any power over Torah scholars, whose entire bodies are fire, as it is written: “Surely My words are as fire, says the Lord” (Jeremiah 23:29), and the words of Torah become part of the Torah scholars’ very bodies.
Reish Lakish said: The fire of Gehenna has no power over the sinners of Israel either. This can be derived by an a fortiori inference from the golden altar: If the golden altar, which has on it a coating that is no more than the thickness of a gold dinar, and which has incense burning on it for many years and yet fire has no power over it, as the gold miraculously remained undamaged, all the more so should immunity from fire be granted to the sinners of Israel, who are filled with good deeds as a pomegranate is full of seeds, as it is written: “Your temples [rakatekh] are like a pomegranate split open” (Song of Songs 4:3), which is to be expounded as follows: Do not read this word as rakatekh, rather read it as reikanin shebakh, meaning the empty, worthless people among you; even these people are as full of good deeds as a pomegranate is full of seeds.
זוהר
תַּנֵּינָן לֵית מִלָּה בְּעָלְמָא דְּקַיְּמָא קַמֵּי תְּשׁוּבָה וּלְכֹלָּא קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מְקַבֵּל וַדַּאי. וְאִי תָּב בִּתְיּוּבְתָּא הָא אִזְדַּמָּן לָקֳבְלֵיהּ אֹרַח חַיִּים וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּפָגִים מַה דְּפָגִים כֹּלָּא אִתְתַּקָּן וְכֹלָּא אִתְהַדָּר עַל תִּקּוּנֵהּ דְּהָא אֲפִלּוּ דְּמַה דְּאִית בֵּהּ אוּמָאָה (קַמֵּי קֵָדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא קָרֵי בֵּיהּ כִּי יְיָ צְבָאוֹת יָעַץ וּמִי יָפֵר דָּא אִיהוּ רָזָא סְתִימָא. וְתוּ כַּד קֵָדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא אוֹמֵי אוּמָאָה לָא אוֹמֵי אֶלָּא אִם לָא יַעֲבֵיד תְּיּוּבְתָּא דְּהָא לֵית פִּתגָּמָא דְּקַיְּמָא קַמֵּי תְּיּוּבְתָּא וְעַל כֹּלָּא מְכַפֵּר קֵָדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא כַּד עָבְדִין תְּיוּבְתָּא שְׁלֶמְתָּא) קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מְקַבֵּל דִּכְתִיב (ירמיה כב) חַי אָנִי נְאֻם יְיָ כִּי אִם יִהְיֶה כָּנְיָהוּ וְגוֹמֵר, וּכְתִיב (שם) כִּתְבוּ אֶת הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה עֲרִירִי וְגוֹמֵר, וּבָתַר דְּתָב בִּתְיּוּבְתָּא כְּתִיב (דברי הימים א' ג') וּבְנֵי יְכָנְיָה אַסִיר בְּנוֹ שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל בְּנוֹ. מִכָּאן דִּתְשׁוּבָה מִתְבַּר כַּמָּה גְּזֵירִין וְדִינִין וְכַמָּה שַׁלְשְׁלָאִין דְּפַרְזְלָא וְלֵית מָאן דְּקַיְּמָא קַמֵּי דִּתְיּוּבְתָּא וְעַל דָּא כְּתִיב (ישעיה ס''ו) וְיָצְאוּ וְרָאוּ בְפִגְרֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי. אֲשֶׁר פָּשְׁעוּ בִּי לֹא כְּתִיב אֶלָּא הַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי דְּלָא בָּעָאן לַאֲתָבָא וּלְאִתְנַחֲמָא עַל מַה דַּעֲבָדוּ. אֲבָל כֵּיוָן דְּאִתְנַחֲמוּ הָא מְקַבֵּל לוֹן קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בְּגִין כָּךְ בַּר נָשׁ דָּא אַף עַל גַּב דְּפָשַׁע בֵּהּ וּפָגִים בְּאַתְרָא דְּלָא אִצְטְרִיךְ וְתָב לְקַמֵּהּ מְקַבֵּל לֵהּ וְחָס עֲלֵהּ דְּהָא קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מָלֵא רַחֲמִין אִיהוּ וְאִתְמַלֵּי רַחֲמִין עַל כָּל עוֹבָדוֹי כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אָמַר (תהלים קמ''ה) וְרַחֲמָיו עַל כָּל מַעֲשָׂיו. אֲפִלּוּ עַל בְּעִירֵי וְעוֹפֵי מָאטוּן רַחֲמוֹי. אִי עֲלַיְהוּ מָאטוּן רַחֲמוֹי כָּל שֶׁכֵּן עַל בְּנֵי נָשָׁא דְּיָדְעִין וְאִשְׁתְּמוֹדְעָאן לְשַׁבְּחָא לְמָארֵיהוֹן דְּרַחֲמוֹי מָאטוּן עֲלַיְהוּ וְשָׁרָאן עֲלַיְהוּ וְעַל דָּא אָמַר דָּוִד (שם קי''ט) רַחֲמֶיךָ רַבִּים יְיָ כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ חַיֵּינִי:
לָמַדְנוּ, אֵין דָּבָר בָּעוֹלָם הָעוֹמֵד בִּפְנֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, וְאֶת כֻּלָּם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וַדַּאי מְקַבֵּל. וְאִם שָׁב בִּתְשׁוּבָה, הֲרֵי מְזוּמֶנֶת לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הַחַיִּים. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפָּגַם מַה שֶּׁפָּגַם, הַכֹּל מִתְתַּקֵּן, וְהַכֹּל חוֹזֵר עַל תִּקּוּנוֹ. כִּי אֲפִלּוּ מַה שֶּׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁבוּעָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקַבְּלוֹ, שֶׁכָּתוּב, חַי אָנִי נְאֻם ה' כִּי אִם יִהְיֶה כָּנְיָהוּ וְגוֹ'. וְכָתוּב, כִּתְבוּ אֶת הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה עֲרִירִי וְגוֹ', וְאַחַר שֶׁשָּׁב בִּתְשׁוּבָה, כָּתוּב, וּבְנֵי יְכָנְיָה אַסִּיר בְּנוֹ וְגוֹ'. מִכָּאן, שֶׁהַתְּשׁוּבָה מְשַׁבֶּרֶת כַּמָּה גְּזֵרוֹת וְדִינִים וְכַמָּה שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל, וְאֵין מִי שֶׁעוֹמֵד בִּפְנֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה. וְעַל זֶה כָּתוּב, וְיָצְאוּ וְרָאוּ בְּפִגְרֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי. אֲשֶׁר פָּשְׁעוּ בִי, אֵינוֹ כָּתוּב, אֶלָּא הַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי. דְּהַיְנוּ אוֹתָם שֶׁלֹּא רָצוּ לָשׁוּב בִּתְשׁוּבָה וּלְהִתְנַחֵם עַל מַה שֶּׁעָשׂוּ. אֲבָל אִם הִתְנַחֲמוּ וְעָשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה, מְקַבֵּל אוֹתָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. מִשּׁוּם זֶה אָדָם זֶה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפָּשַׁע בּוֹ, וּפָגַם בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא צָרִיךְ, וְשָׁב לְפָנָיו, הוּא מְקַבְּלוֹ וּמְרַחֵם עָלָיו. כִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הוּא מָלֵא רַחֲמִים, וּמִתְמַלֵּא רַחֲמִים עַל כָּל מַעֲשָׂיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְרַחֲמָיו עַל כָּל מַעֲשָׂיו. אֲפִלּוּ עַל בְּהֵמוֹת וְעוֹפוֹת מַגִּיעִים רַחֲמָיו, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן עַל בְּנֵי הָאָדָם הַיּוֹדְעִים וְנוֹדָעִים לְשַׁבֵּחַ לַאֲדוֹנָם, שֶׁמַּגִּיעִים עֲלֵיהֶם רַחֲמָיו, וְשׁוֹרִים עֲלֵיהֶם. וְעַל זֶה אָמַר דָּוִד, רַחֲמֶיךְ רַבִּים ה' כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶיךְ חַיֵּינִי.
הלכה פסוקה
א. כָּל הָעוֹנֶה אָמֵן אַחַר בִּרְכוֹתָיו הֲרֵי זֶה מְגֻנֶּה וְהָעוֹנֶה אַחַר בְּרָכָה שֶׁהִיא סוֹף בְּרָכוֹת אַחֲרוֹנוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה מְשֻׁבָּח, כְּגוֹן אַחַר בּוֹנֵה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם בְּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן וְאַחַר בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה שֶׁל קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע שֶׁל עַרְבִית וְכֵן בְּסוֹף כָּל בְּרָכָה שֶׁהִיא סוֹף בְּרָכוֹת אַחֲרוֹנוֹת עוֹנֶה בָּהּ אָמֵן אַחַר עַצְמוֹ:
ב. וְלָמָּה יַעֲנֶה אָמֵן אַחַר בּוֹנֵה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וַהֲרֵי אַחֲרֶיהָ בִּרְכַּת הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיבִ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבְּרָכָה זוֹ בִּימֵי חַכְמֵי מִשְׁנָה תִּקְּנוּ וּכְאִלּוּ הִיא תּוֹסֶפֶת, אֲבָל סוֹף עִקַּר הַבְּרָכוֹת שֶׁל בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן הִיא בּוֹנֵה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם. וְלָמָּה לֹא יַעֲנֶה אָמֵן אַחַר אַהֲבַת עוֹלָם ִ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹף בְּרָכוֹת רִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ מִבְּרָכוֹת שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין אוֹתָהּ תְּחִלָּה לְדָבָר, כְּגוֹן בְּרָכוֹת שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין לִפְנֵי קְרִיאַת מְגִלָּה וְהַדְלָקַת נֵר חֲנֻכָּה. לְמַעַן לֹא יַפְסִיק בְּאָמֵן בֵּין בְּרָכָה וּבֵין הַדָּבָר שֶׁבֵּרֵךְ עָלָיו:
Whoever responds Amen to the blessings which he himself says acts objectionably; but to add Amen to the last of concluding blessings is laudable; as, for instance, after the phrase, "Who rebuildeth Jerusalem" in the Grace after meals, or after the last of the blessings recited after the Shema in the Evening Service, or at the close of the concluding blessings the reciter responds Amen to his own recital of the blessings.
Why does one respond "Amen" to the blessing ending "Who rebuildeth Jerusalem", seeing that it is followed by the benediction, "Who is kind and dealeth kindly"? Because this last named benediction was instituted in the times of the Sages of the Mishna, and is in the nature of a supplement, while the essential portion of the Grace after meals ends with the formula, "Who rebuildeth Jerusalem." Why does one not respond "Amen" to the blessing beginning, "With everlasting love"? Because it is the conclusion of the blessings preceding the recital of the Shema. The rule is the same with all blessings said before any act; as, for instance those said before reading the Scroll of Esther or those said before kindling the Hanucah Lights, so that there should be no interruption between the recital of the blessings and the act for which the reciter said the blessings.
מוסר
שְׁלֹשָה מִינֵי יֵצֶר הָרָע הֵם הַשְּׁנַיִם בֵּין בְּזָקֵן בֵּין בְּבָחוּר וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי נוֹהֵג רַק בְּבָחוּר אֵלּוּ הֵם אָדָם מִתְאַוֶּה לִרְאוֹת וְאַף אִם יַחְפֹּץ לַעֲצֹם עֵינָיו מֵרְאוֹת לֹא יוּכַל וְיִרְאֶה בְּעַל כָּרְחוֹ. וְהַשֵּׁנִי הָאָדָם בּוֹעֵר כְּתַנּוּר אֵשׁ אַחֲרֶיהָ וְלֹא יוּכַל לַהֲסִירָהּ מִדַּעְתּוֹ אֵלּוּ נוֹהֲגִים בֵּין בְּבָחוּר בֵּין בְּזָקֵן. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי נוֹהֵג רַק בְּבָחוּר שֶׁמִּתְאַוֶּה שֶׁתִּתְקַשֶּׁה מִנַּיִן לָנוּ שֶׁכָּךְ הוּא ִ שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בְּנִאוּף שְׁלֹשָה תַּנּוּרִים וְיֵצֶר הָרָע דּוֹמֶה לְאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כָּל הַלַּיְלָה יָשֵׁן אוֹפֵיהֶם בֹּקֶר הוּא בּוֹעֵר כְּאֵשׁ לֶהָבָה שְׁלֹשָה תַּנּוּרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) כֻּלָּם מְנָאֲפִים כְּמוֹ תַּנּוּר כִּי קֵרְבוּ כַּתַּנּוּר לִבָּם. וְנֶאֱמַר כֻּלָּם יֵחַמּוּ כַּתַּנּוּר. שׁ' שֶׁהִיא עִקַּר תֵּבַת הָאֵשׁ שִׁי''ן בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא יֵצֶר ש' יֵשׁ לָהּ ג' פְּצוּלִים וְג' פְּעָמִים מוֹנֶה אֵשׁ בְּפָסוּק (שה''ש ח) רְשָׁפֶיהָ רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָהּ. יֵצֶר הָרָע דּוֹמֶה לְחִכּוּךְ אִם יְחַכֵּךְ בְשָׂרוֹ יַעֲלֶה שְׁחִין וְאִם יַעֲצֹר וְיִסְבֹּל לֹא יַעֲלֶה: