תורה
כדי להשלים כל הסדרה שנים מקרא ואחד תרגום הצגנו תשלום כל הסדרה ותרגום והפטרה:
יח (ג) כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃
כְּעוֹבָדֵי עַמָּא דְאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם דִּי יְתֶבְתּוּן בַּהּ לָא תַעְבְּדוּן וּכְעוֹבָדֵי עַמָּא דְאַרְעָא דִכְנַעַן דִּי אֲנָא מָעֵל יָתְכוֹן תַּמָּן לָא תַעְבְּדוּן וּבְנִימוֹסֵיהוֹן לָא תְהָכוּן:
(ד) אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
יָת דִּינַי תַּעְבְּדוּן וְיָת קְיָמַי תִּטְּרוּן לְהַלָּכָא בְּהוֹן אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן:
(ה) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
וְתִטְּרוּן יָת קְיָמַי וְיָת דִּינַי דִּי יַעְבֵּד יָתְהוֹן אֲנָשָׁא וְיֵחֵי בְהוֹן לְחַיֵּי עָלְמָא אֲנָא יְיָ:
18 (3) After the doings of the land of Miżrayim, in which you dwelt, shall you not do: and after the doings of the land of Kena῾an, into which I bring you, shall you not do: neither shall you walk in their practices.
(4) You shall do my judgments, and keep my ordinances, to walk in them, I am the Lord your God.
(5) You shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the Lord.
יח (ו) אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ אֶל־כׇּל־שְׁאֵ֣ר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִקְרְב֖וּ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
גְּבַר גְּבַר לְכָל קָרִיב בִּסְרֵיהּ לָא תִקְרְבוּן לְגַלָּאָה עֶרְיָא אֲנָא יְיָ:
(ז) עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אֲבוּךְ וְעֶרְיַת אִמָּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי אִמָּךְ הִיא לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיְתַהּ:
(ח) עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אִתַּת אָבוּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיַת אֲבוּךְ הִיא:
(ט) עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אֲחָתָךְ בַּת אֲבוּךְ אוֹ בַת אִמָּךְ דִּילִידָא מִן אֲבוּךְ מִן אִתַּת אָחֳרִי אוֹ מִן אִמָּךְ לִגְבַר אָחֳרָן לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיַתְהֶן:
(י) עֶרְוַ֤ת בַּת־בִּנְךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַֽת־בִּתְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָ֑ן כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת בַּת בְּרָךְ אוֹ בַת בְּרַתָּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיַתְהֵן אֲרֵי עֶרְיְתָךְ אִנּוּן:
(יא) עֶרְוַ֨ת בַּת־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֙יךָ֙ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת אָבִ֔יךָ אֲחוֹתְךָ֖ הִ֑וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת בַּת אִתַּת אֲבוּךְ דִּילִידָא מִן אֲבוּךְ אֲחָתָךְ הִיא לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיְתַהּ:
(יב) עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה שְׁאֵ֥ר אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אֲחַת אֲבוּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי קָרִיבַת אֲבוּךְ הִיא:
(יג) עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחֽוֹת־אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּֽי־שְׁאֵ֥ר אִמְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אֲחַת אִמָּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי אֲרֵי קָרִיבַת אִמָּךְ הִיא:
(יד) עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחִֽי־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶל־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב דֹּדָֽתְךָ֖ הִֽוא׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אַח אֲבוּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי לְאִתְּתֵיהּ לָא תִקְרַב אִתַּת אַח אֲבוּךְ הִיא:
(טו) עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֵ֤שֶׁת בִּנְךָ֙ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת כַּלְּתָךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי אִתַּת בְּרָךְ הִיא לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיְתַהּ:
(טז) עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ {ס}
עֶרְיַת אִתַּת אֲחוּךְ לָא תְגַלֵּי עֶרְיַת אֲחוּךְ הִיא:
(יז) עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ שַׁאֲרָ֥ה הֵ֖נָּה זִמָּ֥ה הִֽוא׃
עֶרְיַת אִתְּתָא וּבְרַתַּהּ לָא תְגַלֵּי יָת בַּת בְּרַהּ וְיָת בַּת בְּרַתַּהּ לָא תִסַּב לְגַלָּאָה עֶרְיְתַהּ קָרִיבָן אִנּוּן עֵצַת חִטְאִין הִיא:
(יח) וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃
וְאִתְּתָא עִם אֲחָתַהּ לָא תִסָּב לְעָקָאָה לְגַלָּאָה עֶרְיְתַהּ עֲלַהּ בְּחַיָּיהָא:
(יט) וְאֶל־אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃
וּלְאִתְּתָא בְּרִחוּק סוֹבְתַהּ לָא תִקְרַב לְגַלָּאָה עֶרְיְתַהּ:
(כ) וְאֶל־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכׇבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע לְטׇמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃
וּבְאִתַּת חַבְרָךְ לָא תִתֵּן שְׁכֻבְתָּךְ לְזַרְעָא לְאִסְתָּאָבָא בַהּ:
(כא) וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃
וּמִבְּנָיךְ לָא תִתֵּן לְאַעְבָּרָא לְמוֹלֶךְ וְלָא תַחֵל יָת שְׁמָא דֶאֱלָהָךְ אֲנָא יְיָ:
18 (6) None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover her nakedness: I am the Lord.
(7) The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
(8) The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness.
(9) The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.
(10) The nakedness of thy son’s daughter, or of thy daughter’s daughter, their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thy own nakedness.
(11) The nakedness of thy father’s wife’s daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
(12) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s sister: she is thy father’s near kinswoman.
(13) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother’s sister: for she is thy mother’s near kinswoman.
(14) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thy aunt.
(15) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she is thy son’s wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.
(16) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife: it is thy brother’s nakedness.
(17) Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is foulness.
(18) Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, as her rival, and uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time.
(19) Also thou shalt not approach to a woman in the impurity of her menstrual flow, to uncover her nakedness.
(20) Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour’s wife, to defile thyself with her.
(21) And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through (the fire) to Molekh, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the Lord.
יח (כב) וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃
וְעִם דְּכוּרָא לָא תִשְׁכּוּב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִתְּתָא תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הִיא:
(כג) וּבְכׇל־בְּהֵמָ֛ה לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכׇבְתְּךָ֖ לְטׇמְאָה־בָ֑הּ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה לֹֽא־תַעֲמֹ֞ד לִפְנֵ֧י בְהֵמָ֛ה לְרִבְעָ֖הּ תֶּ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃
וּבְכָל בְּעִירָא לָא תִתֵּן שְׁכֻבְתָּךְ לְאִסְתָּאָבָא בַהּ וְאִתְּתָא לָא תְקוּם קֳדָם בְּעִירָא לְמִשְׁלַט בַּהּ תִּבְלָא הוּא:
(כד) אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכׇל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכׇל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃
לָא תִסְתַּאֲבוּן בְּכָל אִלֵּין אֲרֵי בְכָל אִלֵּין אִסְתָּאָבוּ עַמְמַיָּא דִּי אֲנָא מַגְלֵי מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן:
(כה) וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃
וְאִסְתָּאָבַת אַרְעָא וְאַסְעָרִית חוֹבַהּ עֲלַהּ וְרוֹקֵינַת אַרְעָא יָת יָתְבָהָא:
(כו) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃
וְתִטְּרוּן אַתּוּן יָת קְיָמַי וְיָת דִּינַי וְלָא תַעְבְּדוּן מִכֹּל תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הָאִלֵּין יַצִּיבָא וְגִיּוֹרָא דְּיִתְגַּיְּרוּן בֵּינֵיכוֹן:
(כז) כִּ֚י אֶת־כׇּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃
אֲרֵי יָת כָּל תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הָאִלֵּין עֲבָדוּ אֱנָשֵׁי אַרְעָא דִּי קֳדָמֵיכוֹן וְאִסְתָּאָבַת אַרְעָא:
(כח) וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃
וְלָא תְרוֹקֵן אַרְעָא יָתְכוֹן בְּסָאֳבֵיכוֹן יָתַהּ כְּמָא דְרוֹקֵינַת יָת עַמְמַיָּא דִּי קֳדָמֵיכוֹן:
(כט) כִּ֚י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃
אֲרֵי כָּל דִּי יַעְבֵּד מִכֹּל תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הָאִלֵּין וְיִשְׁתֵּיצוּן נַפְשָׁתָא דִיַעְבְּדוּן מִגּוֹ עַמְּהוֹן:
(ל) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י לְבִלְתִּ֨י עֲשׂ֜וֹת מֵחֻקּ֤וֹת הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ {פ}
וְתִטְּרוּן יָת מַטְּרַת מֵימְרִי בְּדִיל דְּלָא לְמֶעְבַּד מִנִּימוֹסֵי תוֹעֶבְתָּא דְּאִתְעֲבָדָא קֳדָמֵיכוֹן וְלָא תִסְתַּאֲבוּן בְּהוֹן אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן:
18 (22) Thou shalt not lie with a man after the manner of a woman: it is abomination.
(23) Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself with it: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down before it: it is perversion.
(24) Defile not yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations were defiled which I cast out before you:
(25) and the land was defiled: therefore I do punish its iniquity upon it, and the land vomits out her inhabitants.
(26) You shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stranger that sojourns among you:
(27) for all these abominations have the men of the land done, who were before you, and the land is defiled;
(28) that the land vomit not you out also, when you defile it, as it has vomited out the nations that were before you.
(29) For whoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the persons that commit them shall be cut off from among their people.
(30) Therefore shall you keep my ordinance, that you commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were practised before you, and that you defile not yourselves in them: I am the Lord your God.
הפטרה
הפטרת אחרי מות כמנהג הספרדים:
(א) וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ב) וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֥ט הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־עִ֣יר הַדָּמִ֑ים וְה֣וֹדַעְתָּ֔הּ אֵ֖ת כׇּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ (ג) וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֔ה עִ֣יר שֹׁפֶ֥כֶת דָּ֛ם בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ לָב֣וֹא עִתָּ֑הּ וְעָשְׂתָ֧ה גִלּוּלִ֛ים עָלֶ֖יהָ לְטׇמְאָֽה׃ (ד) בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד־שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכׇל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ (ה) הַקְּרֹב֛וֹת וְהָרְחֹק֥וֹת מִמֵּ֖ךְ יִתְקַלְּסוּ־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֣ת הַשֵּׁ֔ם רַבַּ֖ת הַמְּהוּמָֽה׃ (ו) הִנֵּה֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֥ישׁ לִזְרֹע֖וֹ הָ֣יוּ בָ֑ךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁפׇךְ־דָּֽם׃ (ז) אָ֤ב וָאֵם֙ הֵקַ֣לּוּ בָ֔ךְ לַגֵּ֛ר עָשׂ֥וּ בַעֹ֖שֶׁק בְּתוֹכֵ֑ךְ יָת֥וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֖ה ה֥וֹנוּ בָֽךְ׃ (ח) קׇדָשַׁ֖י בָּזִ֑ית וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלָּֽלְתְּ׃ (ט) אַנְשֵׁ֥י רָכִ֛יל הָ֥יוּ בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפׇךְ־דָּ֑ם וְאֶל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ אָ֣כְלוּ בָ֔ךְ זִמָּ֖ה עָשׂ֥וּ בְתוֹכֵֽךְ׃ (י) עֶרְוַת־אָ֖ב גִּלָּה־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ־בָֽךְ׃ (יא) וְאִ֣ישׁ ׀ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֗הוּ עָשָׂה֙ תּוֹעֵבָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־כַּלָּת֖וֹ טִמֵּ֣א בְזִמָּ֑ה וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־אֲחֹת֥וֹ בַת־אָבִ֖יו עִנָּה־בָֽךְ׃ (יב) שֹׁ֥חַד לָֽקְחוּ־בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפׇךְ־דָּ֑ם נֶ֧שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֣ית לָקַ֗חַתְּ וַתְּבַצְּעִ֤י רֵעַ֙יִךְ֙ בַּעֹ֔שֶׁק וְאֹתִ֣י שָׁכַ֔חַתְּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִֽה׃ (יג) וְהִנֵּה֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי כַפִּ֔י אֶל־בִּצְעֵ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑ית וְעַ֨ל־דָּמֵ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ בְּתוֹכֵֽךְ׃ (יד) הֲיַעֲמֹ֤ד לִבֵּךְ֙ אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדַ֔יִךְ לַיָּמִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי׃ (טו) וַהֲפִיצוֹתִ֤י אוֹתָךְ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְזֵרִיתִ֖יךְ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וַהֲתִמֹּתִ֥י טֻמְאָתֵ֖ךְ מִמֵּֽךְ׃ (טז) וְנִחַ֥לְתְּ בָּ֖ךְ לְעֵינֵ֣י גוֹיִ֑ם וְיָדַ֖עַתְּ כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
(1) The word of the LORD came to me: (2) Further, O mortal, arraign, arraign-a the city of bloodshed; declare to her all her abhorrent deeds! (3) Say: Thus said the Lord GOD: O city in whose midst blood is shed, so that your hour is approaching; within which fetishes are made, so that you have become unclean! (4) You stand guilty of the blood you have shed, defiled by the fetishes you have made. You have brought on your day; you have reached your year.-b Therefore I will make you the mockery of the nations and the scorn of all the lands. (5) Both the near and the far shall scorn you, O besmirched of name, O laden with iniquity! (6) Every one of the princes of Israel in your midst used his strength for the shedding of blood. (7) Fathers and mothers have been humiliated within you; strangers have been cheated in your midst; orphans and widows have been wronged within you. (8) You have despised My holy things and profaned My sabbaths. (9) Base men in your midst were intent on shedding blood; in you they have eaten upon the mountains;-d and they have practiced depravity in your midst. (10) In you they have uncovered their fathers’ nakedness; in you they have ravished women during their impurity. (11) They have committed abhorrent acts with other men’s wives; in their depravity they have defiled their own daughters-in-law; in you they have ravished their own sisters, daughters of their fathers. (12) They have taken bribes within you to shed blood. You have taken advance and accrued interest; you have defrauded your countrymen to your profit. You have forgotten Me—declares the Lord GOD. (13) Lo, I will strike My hands over the ill-gotten gains that you have amassed, and over the bloodshed that has been committed in your midst. (14) Will your courage endure, will your hands remain firm in the days when I deal with you? I the LORD have spoken and I will act. (15) I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands; I will consume the uncleanness out of you. (16) You shall be dishonored in the sight of nations, and you shall know that I am the LORD.
הפטרת אחרי מות כמנהג האשכנזים:
(ז) הֲל֣וֹא כִבְנֵי֩ כֻשִׁיִּ֨ים אַתֶּ֥ם לִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֶעֱלֵ֙יתִי֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּפְלִשְׁתִּיִּ֥ים מִכַּפְתּ֖וֹר וַאֲרָ֥ם מִקִּֽיר׃ (ח) הִנֵּ֞ה עֵינֵ֣י ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה בַּמַּמְלָכָה֙ הַֽחַטָּאָ֔ה וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔הּ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה אֶ֗פֶס כִּ֠י לֹ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֥יד אַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יַעֲקֹ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ (ט) כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֔ה וַהֲנִע֥וֹתִי בְכׇֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנּ֙וֹעַ֙ בַּכְּבָרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִפּ֥וֹל צְר֖וֹר אָֽרֶץ׃ (י) בַּחֶ֣רֶב יָמ֔וּתוּ כֹּ֖ל חַטָּאֵ֣י עַמִּ֑י הָאֹמְרִ֗ים לֹֽא־תַגִּ֧ישׁ וְתַקְדִּ֛ים בַּעֲדֵ֖ינוּ הָרָעָֽה׃ (יא) בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אָקִ֛ים אֶת־סֻכַּ֥ת דָּוִ֖יד הַנֹּפֶ֑לֶת וְגָדַרְתִּ֣י אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶ֗ן וַהֲרִֽסֹתָיו֙ אָקִ֔ים וּבְנִיתִ֖יהָ כִּימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ (יב) לְמַ֨עַן יִֽירְשׁ֜וּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֤ית אֱדוֹם֙ וְכׇל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֖ה עֹ֥שֶׂה זֹּֽאת׃ {פ}
(יג) הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֔ה וְנִגַּ֤שׁ חוֹרֵשׁ֙ בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ עֲנָבִ֖ים בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ הַזָּ֑רַע וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ עָסִ֔יס וְכׇל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת תִּתְמוֹגַֽגְנָה׃ (יד) וְשַׁבְתִּי֮ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וּבָנ֞וּ עָרִ֤ים נְשַׁמּוֹת֙ וְיָשָׁ֔בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְשָׁת֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָ֑ם וְעָשׂ֣וּ גַנּ֔וֹת וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־פְּרִיהֶֽם׃ (טו) וּנְטַעְתִּ֖ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְלֹ֨א יִנָּתְשׁ֜וּ ע֗וֹד מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
(יג) הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֔ה וְנִגַּ֤שׁ חוֹרֵשׁ֙ בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ עֲנָבִ֖ים בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ הַזָּ֑רַע וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ עָסִ֔יס וְכׇל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת תִּתְמוֹגַֽגְנָה׃ (יד) וְשַׁבְתִּי֮ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וּבָנ֞וּ עָרִ֤ים נְשַׁמּוֹת֙ וְיָשָׁ֔בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְשָׁת֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָ֑ם וְעָשׂ֣וּ גַנּ֔וֹת וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־פְּרִיהֶֽם׃ (טו) וּנְטַעְתִּ֖ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְלֹ֨א יִנָּתְשׁ֜וּ ע֗וֹד מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
(7) To Me, O Israelites, you are
Just like the Cushites
—declares the LORD.
True, I brought Israel up
From the land of Egypt,
But also the Philistines from Caphtor
And the Arameans from Kir. (8) Behold, the Lord GOD has His eye
Upon the sinful kingdom:
I will wipe it off
The face of the earth!
But, I will not wholly wipe out
The House of Jacob
—declares the LORD. (9) For I will give the order
And shake the House of Israel—
Through all the nations—
As one shakes [sand] in a sieve,
And not a pebble falls to the ground. (10) All the sinners of My people
Shall perish by the sword,
Who boast,
“Never shall the evil
Overtake us or come near us.”
(11) In that day,
I will set up again the fallen booth of David:
I will mend its breaches and set up its ruins anew.
I will build it firm as in the days of old, (12) So that they shall possess the rest of Edom
And all the nations once attached to My name-c
—declares the LORD who will bring this to pass. (13) A time is coming
—declares the LORD—
When the plowman shall meet the reaper,
And the treader of grapes
Him who holds the [bag of] seed;
When the mountains shall drip wine
And all the hills shall wave [with grain].
(14) I will restore My people Israel.
They shall rebuild ruined cities and inhabit them;
They shall plant vineyards and drink their wine;
They shall till gardens and eat their fruits. (15) And I will plant them upon their soil,
Nevermore to be uprooted
From the soil I have given them
—said the LORD your God.
Just like the Cushites
—declares the LORD.
True, I brought Israel up
From the land of Egypt,
But also the Philistines from Caphtor
And the Arameans from Kir. (8) Behold, the Lord GOD has His eye
Upon the sinful kingdom:
I will wipe it off
The face of the earth!
But, I will not wholly wipe out
The House of Jacob
—declares the LORD. (9) For I will give the order
And shake the House of Israel—
Through all the nations—
As one shakes [sand] in a sieve,
And not a pebble falls to the ground. (10) All the sinners of My people
Shall perish by the sword,
Who boast,
“Never shall the evil
Overtake us or come near us.”
(11) In that day,
I will set up again the fallen booth of David:
I will mend its breaches and set up its ruins anew.
I will build it firm as in the days of old, (12) So that they shall possess the rest of Edom
And all the nations once attached to My name-c
—declares the LORD who will bring this to pass. (13) A time is coming
—declares the LORD—
When the plowman shall meet the reaper,
And the treader of grapes
Him who holds the [bag of] seed;
When the mountains shall drip wine
And all the hills shall wave [with grain].
(14) I will restore My people Israel.
They shall rebuild ruined cities and inhabit them;
They shall plant vineyards and drink their wine;
They shall till gardens and eat their fruits. (15) And I will plant them upon their soil,
Nevermore to be uprooted
From the soil I have given them
—said the LORD your God.
משנה
א. כָּל הַמְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ וְהִכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. כֵּיצַד. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכִשְׁנֵי חֲצָיֵי זֵיתִים מִן הַנְּבֵלָה אוֹ נוֹשְׂאָן. וּבַמֵּת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, אוֹ נוֹגֵע בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, מַאֲהִיל עַל כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָיֵי זֵיתִים, מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, אוֹ מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, טָהוֹר. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף בָּזֶה רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. הַכֹּל טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַמַּגָּע עִם הַמַּשָּׂא, וְהַמַּשָּׂא עִם הָאֹהֶל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, טָהוֹר:
ב. מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב שֶׁנִּתְפַּזֵּר בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. רְבִיעִית דָּם שֶׁנִּבְלְעָה בְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. נִבְלְעָה בִכְסוּת, אִם מִתְכַּבֶּסֶת וְיוֹצֵא מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית דָּם, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁכֹּל הַבָּלוּעַ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לָצֵאת, טָהוֹר:
ג. נִשְׁפַּךְ בָּאֲוִיר, אִם הָיָה מְקוֹמוֹ קְטַפְרֵס וְהֶאֱהִיל עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה אַשְׁבֹּרֶן, אוֹ שֶׁקָּרַשׁ, טָמֵא. נִשְׁפַּךְ עַל הָאַסְקֻפָּה וְהִיא קְטַפְרֵס, בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, וְהַבַּיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. הָיָה אַשְׁבֹּרֶן אוֹ שֶׁקָּרַשׁ, טָמֵא. כֹּל שֶׁבַּמֵּת, טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַשִּׁנַּיִם וְהַשֵּׂעָר וְהַצִּפֹּרֶן. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרוֹ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:
ד. כֵּיצַד. הַמֵּת מִבַּחוּץ וּשְׂעָרוֹ בִפְנִים, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. עֶצֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו כַּזַּיִת בָּשָׂר, הִכְנִיס מִקְצָתוֹ מִבִּפְנִים וְהַבַּיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, טָמֵא. שְׁנֵי עֲצָמוֹת וַעֲלֵיהֶן כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים בָּשָׂר, הִכְנִיס מִקְצָתָם מִבִּפְנִים וְהַבַּיִת מַאֲהִיל עֲלֵיהֶם, טָמֵא. הָיוּ תְחוּבִים בִּידֵי אָדָם, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֵין חִבּוּרֵי אָדָם חִבּוּר:
ה. אֵיזֶהוּ דַם תְּבוּסָה. הַמֵּת שֶׁיָּצָא מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁמִינִית בְּחַיָּיו וּשְׁמִינִית בְּמוֹתוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, רְבִיעִית בְּחַיָּיו וּרְבִיעִית בְּמוֹתוֹ, נִטַּל מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה רְבִיעִית. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, זֶה וָזֶה כַמָּיִם. אֵיזֶהוּ דַם תְּבוּסָה. צָלוּב שֶׁדָּמוֹ שׁוֹתֵת וְנִמְצָא תַחְתָּיו רְבִיעִית דָּם, טָמֵא. אֲבָל הַמֵּת שֶׁדָּמוֹ מְנַטֵּף וְנִמְצָא תַחְתָּיו רְבִיעִית דָּם, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא הַשּׁוֹתֵת, טָהוֹר. וְהַמְנַטֵּף, טָמֵא:
ו. כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, פִּתְחוֹ בְטֶפַח, וְהַמֵּת, פִּתְחוֹ בְאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, לְהַצִּיל הַטֻּמְאָה עַל הַפְּתָחִים. אֲבָל לְהוֹצִיא הַטֻּמְאָה, בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. גָּדוֹל מִכַּזַּיִת, כַּמֵּת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַשִּׁדְרָה וְהַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, כַּמֵּת:
ז. טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח עַל רוּם טֶפַח, מְרֻבָּע, מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה, וְחוֹצֵץ בִּפְנֵי הַטֻּמְאָה. כֵּיצַד. בִּיב שֶׁהוּא קָמוּר תַּחַת הַבַּיִת, יֶשׁ בּוֹ פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְיֵשׁ בִּיצִיאָתוֹ פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה בְתוֹכוֹ, הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. טֻמְאָה בַבַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָהוֹר, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַטֻּמְאָה לָצֵאת וְאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְהִכָּנֵס. יֶשׁ בּוֹ פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְאֵין בִּיצִיאָתוֹ פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, הַטֻּמְאָה בְתוֹכוֹ, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. טֻמְאָה בַבַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָהוֹר, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַטֻּמְאָה לָצֵאת וְאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְהִכָּנֵס. אֵין בּוֹ פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְאֵין בִּיצִיאָתוֹ פוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה בְתוֹכוֹ, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. טֻמְאָה בַבַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָמֵא. אֶחָד חוֹר שֶׁחֲרָרוּהוּ מַיִם אוֹ שְׁרָצִים, אוֹ שֶׁאֲכָלַתּוּ מַלַּחַת, וְכֵן מִרְבָּךְ שֶׁל אֲבָנִים, וְכֵן סְוָאר שֶׁל קוֹרוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל אֹהֶל שֶׁאֵינוֹ עָשׂוּי בִּידֵי אָדָם, אֵינוֹ אֹהֶל. וּמוֹדֶה בִשְׁקִיפִים וּבִסְלָעִים:
1. All objects that defile by overshadowing which were divided and then brought into a house: Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas declares clean. But the sages declare [it] unclean. What is the case? One who touches two pieces of nevelah, each the size of half an olive, or carries them, Or, in the case of a corpse, if he touches a piece the size of half an olive and overshadows [another piece] the size of half an olive, Or if he touches [a piece] the size of half an olive and [another piece] the size of half an olive overshadows him, Or if he overshadows two [pieces, each] the size of half an olive, Or if he overshadows [a piece] the size of half an olive and [another piece] the size of half an olive overshadows him: Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas declares him clean, And the sages declare him unclean. But if he touches [a piece] the size of half an olive and another object overshadows him and [another piece] the size of half an olive, Or if he overshadows [a piece] the size of half an olive and another object overshadows him and [another piece] the size of half an olive, he is clean. Rabbi Meir says: Even here Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas declares him clean and the sages declare him unclean. Every [case] is unclean except [a case of] contact [combined] with carriage or of carriage [combined] with overshadowing. This is the general principle: every object [whose defilement] proceeds from one cause is unclean, from two causes is clean.
2. If a ladleful of corpse-mold was scattered about in a house, the house is unclean But Rabbi Shimon declares it clean. If a quarter [of a log] of blood was absorbed in [the ground] of a house, the house is clean. If it was absorbed by a garment: if the garment is washed and a quarter [of a log] of blood emerges from it, it is unclean, if not, it is clean, since anything absorbed that cannot emerge is clean.
3. [Blood] which was poured out in the air: If the place [where it fell] was an incline and [a person or vessel] overshadowed part of it, he [remains] clean. If it was a cavity, or if the blood congealed, he [becomes] unclean. If it was poured out on a threshold: If it inclined either inwards or outwards and the house overshadowed it [that which is in the house] is clean. If there was a cavity, or if it congealed, [that which is in the house becomes] unclean. Every part of a corpse is unclean except the teeth, hair and nails; But when they are joined [to the corpse], they are all unclean.
4. How so? If the corpse was outside and its hair inside, the house is unclean. [With regard to] a bone which had upon it an olive-sized portion of flesh, if one brought part of it within so that the house was overshadowing it, [the house] is unclean. [With regard to] two bones which had upon them two pieces of flesh, [each] the size of half an olive, if one brought part of them within so that the house was overshadowing them, [the house] is unclean. But if [the pieces of flesh] were set into [the bone] by a person, the house is clean since connections created by human agency are not [regarded as] connections.
5. What is ‘mixed blood? The blood of a corpse of which an eighth [of a log] came out during his lifetime and an eighth after death, the words of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Ishmael says: a quarter [of a log] during his lifetime and a quarter after death. [If] a quarter [of a log] is taken from both of these: Rabbi Elazar bar Judah says: both of these are as water. What then is ‘mixed blood’? It is that of a crucified person whose blood is streaming forth and under whom is found a quarter [of a log] of blood it is unclean. However a corpse whose blood drips forth and under whom is found a quarter [of a log] of blood, [the blood] is clean. Rabbi Judah says: not so, but that which streams forth is clean and that which drips forth is unclean.
6. For an olive-sized portion of a corpse, an opening [in the room in which it is found] of one handbreadth [square], and for a [whole] corpse, an opening of four handbreadths [square, is enough] to prevent the uncleanness from [spreading to the other] openings; But for allowing the uncleanness to go out, an opening of one handbreadth [square is enough]. [A portion] greater than the size of an olive is as a [whole] corpse. Rabbi Yose says: [only] the spine and the skull are as a [whole] corpse.
7. [An object] one handbreadth square and one handbreadth high conveys uncleanness and blocks uncleanness. How does it [block uncleanness]? In the case of a covered drain beneath a house, if it has a space a handbreadth wide and its outlet was a handbreadth wide, and there is uncleanness inside it, the house remains clean; And when there is uncleanness in the house, that which is within [the drain] remains clean, for the manner of the uncleanness is to go out and not to go in. If it had a space one handbreadth wide but its outlet was not one handbreadth wide, when there is uncleanness in it, the house becomes unclean; But when there is uncleanness in the house, that which is within it remains clean, for the manner of the uncleanness is to go out and not to go in. If it did not have a space one handbreadth wide and its outlet was not one handbreadth wide, when there is uncleanness within it, the house becomes unclean; And when there is uncleanness in the house, it [also] becomes unclean. It makes no difference if the cavity was carved out by water or by a sheretz or if it had been eaten out by salt. And similarly [if it is in] a row of stones or a pile of beams. Rabbi Judah says: any "tent" not made by a person is not considered a tent’. But he agrees that crevices and crags [can be considered as ‘tents’].
גמרא
רִבִּי חֲנִינָא פָּלֵי קוּרְטָא דְגִרְגַּשְׁתָּא וּבָדִיק בֵּיהּ. לַיֵּיט עֲלֵיהּ רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּאַסְכְּרָא. רִבִּי חֲנִינָא הוּא דְחַכִּים כּוּלֵי עַלְמָא לָאו חַכִּימֵי. הֲכִי אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן חָכְמְתָא דְרִבִּי חֲנִינָא גָרְמָא לִי דְלָא אֶחֱזֵי דָמָא מְטַמֵּינָא מְטַהֵר מְטַהַרְנָא מְטַמֵּא. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר עִנְוְותָנוּתָא דְרִבִּי חֲנִינָא גָרְמָא לִי דַחֲזָאי דָמָא וּמַה רִבִּי חֲנִינָא דְעַנְוְתָן הוּא מָחִית נַפְשֵׁיהּ לְסָפֵק וְחָזֵי אֲנָא לָא אֶחֱזֵי. אָמַר רִבִּי זֵירָא טִבְעָא דְבָבֶל גָרְמָא לִי דְלָא חֲזָאי דָמָא דַאֲמִינָא בְּטִבְעָא לָא יָדַעְנָא בְּדָמָא יְדַעְנָא. לְמֵימְרָא דִבְטִבְעָא תַּלְיָא מִילְתָא וְהָא רַבָּה הוּא דְיָדַע בְּטִבְעָא וְלָא יָדַע בְּדָמָא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן קָאָמַר וּמַה רַבָּה דְיָדַע בְּטִבְעָא לָא חָזָא דָמָא וַאֲנָא אֶחֱזֵי:
§ The Gemara relates: When people would come before Rabba bar Avuh to examine blood that is similar to water that inundates red earth, he would say to them: We learned that the examination must be conducted in its place, i.e., the location the earth was taken from. But if the earth was transported elsewhere, the examination is no longer effective. The Gemara further relates that Rabbi Ḥanina would break up a clump of earth and examine with it, without mixing it in water. Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, would curse anyone who used this method that they should be punished with diphtheria.
Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, explained: It is only Rabbi Ḥanina who is permitted to examine the blood in this fashion, as he is wise, but everyone else is not so wise that they can successfully perform the examination without water.
Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Rabbi Ḥanina’s wisdom causes me not to see blood for a halakhic examination. When I would examine blood and deem it impure, he would deem it pure, and when I would deem it pure, he would deem it impure. Conversely, Rabbi Elazar says: Rabbi Ḥanina’s humility causes me to see blood, as I reason to myself: If Rabbi Ḥanina, who is humble, places himself into a situation of uncertainty and sees various types of blood to determine their status, should I, who am not nearly as humble, not see blood for an examination?
Rabbi Zeira says: The complex nature of the residents of Babylonia causes me not to see blood for a halakhic examination, as I say to myself: Even matters involving the complex nature of people I do not know; can I then claim that I know about matters of blood?
The Gemara asks: Is this to say that the matter of the appearance of blood is dependent on the nature of people, i.e., that it changes in accordance with their nature? But Rabba is an example of someone who knew about the complex nature of the people of Babylonia, and yet he did not know how to distinguish between different types of blood. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Zeira took this factor into account and said to himself: All the more so; if Rabba, who knew about the complex nature of these people, nevertheless would not see blood, should I, who am unknowledgeable about the nature of these people, see blood for examination?
זוהר
תָּא חֲזֵי בְּיוֹמָא דְשַׁבְּתָא בְּשַׁעְתָּא דְאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא נַפְקֵי נִשְׁמָתִין מִגּוֹ אִילָנָא דְּחַיֵּי וּמְנַשְּׁבָן אִינוּן נִשְׁמָתִין קַדִּישִׁין לְתַתָּאֵי וְנַיְיחִין בְּהוּא כָּל יוֹמָא דְשַׁבְּתָא וּלְבָתַר דְּנָפִיק שַׁבְּתָא סַלְקִין כֻּלְּהוּ נִשְׁמָתִין וּמִתְעַטְּרָן בְּעִטְרִין קַדִּישִׁין לְעֵילָא (וְכַד מִתְעַטְּרָן בְּהַהוּא טָבָא אִלֵּין אִינוּן בְּעָלָיו דְּהַהוּא טִיבוּ וַדָּאי). אוּף הָכִי קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא אַזְמִין לְהַהוּא בַר נַשׁ וְדָא הוּא נִשְׁמָתָא אַחֲרָא. וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּדָא זְמִינָא לֵיהּ. נִשְׁמָתָא דַהֲוָה לֵיהּ בְּקַדְמִיתָא שְׁאֵרָהּ בְּקַדְמִיתָא כְּסוּתָהּ וְעֹנָתָהּ לֹא יִגְרַע כְּמָה דְאִתְמַר:
בֹּא וּרְאֵה, בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּתְקַדֵּשׁ הַיּוֹם, יוֹצְאוֹת נְשָׁמוֹת מִתּוֹךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים, דְּהַיְנוּ ז''א, וְאֵלּוּ הַנְּשָׁמוֹת נוֹשְׁבוֹת לַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, וְנָחִים הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים בָּהֶן כָּל יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת. שֶׁהֵן סוֹד נְשָׁמָה יְתֵרָה שֶׁצַדִּיקִים מַשִׂיגִים בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת. וְאַחַר שֶׁיּוֹצֵא הַשַּׁבָּת, חוֹזְרוֹת וְעוֹלוֹת כָּל הַנְּשָׁמוֹת וּמִתְעַטְּרוֹת בַּעֲטָרוֹת קְדוֹשׁוֹת לְמַעְלָה. אַף כָּךְ, כָּאן, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַזְמִין לָאָדָם הַהוּא בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת נְשָׁמָה יְתֵרָה, וְזוֹ הִיא נְשָׁמָה אַחֶרֶת, שֶׁעָלֶיהָ אוֹמֵר הַכָּתוּב וְאִם אַחֶרֶת יִקַּח לוֹ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּזְדַּמְּנָה לוֹ נְשָׁמָה זוֹ, הַנְּשָׁמָה שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה שְׁאֵרָה שֶׁל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, וּכְסוּתָהּ וְעוֹנָתָהּ לֹא יִגְרָע. שֶׁפֵּרוּשָׁם כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר.
הלכה פסוקה
א. הַחוֹרֵשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. הַמְנַכֵּשׁ בְּעִיקְרֵי הָאִילָנוֹת. וְהַמְּקַרְסֵם עֲשָׂבִים אוֹ הַמְּזָרֵד אֶת הַשְּׂרִיגִים כְּדֵי לְיַפּוֹת אֶת הַקַּרְקַע הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלְדַת חוֹרֵשׁ וּמִשֶּׁיַּעֲשֶׂה כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב. וְכֵן הַמַּשְׁוֶה פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה כְּגוֹן שֶׁהִשְׁפִּיל הַתֵּל וּרְדָדוֹ. אוֹ מִלֵּא הַגַּיְא חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם חוֹרֵשׁ וְשִׁיעוּרוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וְכֵן כָּל הַמַּשְׁוֶה גוּמוֹת שִׁיעוּרוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא:
ב. הַזּוֹרֵעַ כָּל שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב הַזּוֹמֵר אֶת הָאִילָן כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצְמַח הֲרֵי זֶה מֵעֵין זוֹרֵעַ. אֲבָל הַמַּשְׁקֶה צְמָחִין וְאִילָנוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלְדַת זוֹרֵעַ וְחַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. וְכֵן הַשּׁוֹרֶה חִטִּין וּשְׂעוֹרִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֵן בַּמַּיִם הֲרֵי זֶה תּוֹלְדַת זוֹרֵעַ וְחַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא:
ג. הַקּוֹצֵר כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת חַיָּב וְתוֹלֵשׁ תּוֹלְדַת קוֹצֵר הוּא. וְכָל הָעוֹקֵר דָּבָר מִגִּדּוּלוֹ חַיָּב מִשּׁוּם קוֹצֵר. לְפִיכָךְ צְרוֹר שֶׁעָלוּ בוֹ עֲשָׂבִים וְכִשּׁוּת שֶׁעָלָה בִּסְנֶה וַעֲשָׂבִים שֶׁצָמְחוּ עַל גַּבֵּי הֶחָבִית הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵהֶן חַיָּב שֶׁזֶּה הוּא מְקוֹם גִּדּוּלָן. אֲבָל הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵעָצִיץ אֵינוֹ נָקוּב פָּטוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹם גִּדּוּלוֹ. וְעָצִיץ נָקוּב בִּכְדֵי שׁוֹרֶשׁ קָטָן הֲרֵי הוּא כָּאָרֶץ. וְהַתּוֹלֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ חַיָב:
One who plows a minimal amount is liable. One who weeds around tree roots, one who removes grass and one who prunes twigs to beautify the land are surely [doing] a subcategory of plowing; so from when he does a minimal amount, he is liable. Likewise, one who evens out the surface of a field – such as one who lowered a mound and flattened it or one who filled in a gully – is liable on account of plowing, and its [requisite] amount is a minimal amount. Likewise the [requisite] amount for anyone who evens out hole is a minimal amount.
One who sows a minimal amount is liable. One who prunes a tree in order for it to grow is surely [doing a] derivative of sowing. But one who waters plants and trees on Shabbat is surely [doing a] subcategory of sowing, so he is [also] liable with a minimal amount. Likewise, one who soaks wheat and barley and that which is similar to them in water is surely [doing a] subcategory of sowing, so he is liable with a minimal amount.
One who reaps [something] the size of a dried fig is liable. And one who severs [a plant] is [doing a] subcategory of reaping. And anyone who uproots something from [the source of] its growth is liable for reaping. Hence one who severs grass from a rock, dodder that grew on a bush or grass that grew on top of a barrel is liable – as this the place of their growth. But one who severs [a plant] from a pot without a hole is exempt, as this is not the place of its growth. However one who severs [it] from a pot with a hole [big enough] for a small root is liable – since it is surely like the ground.
מוסר
מֵעִקְרֵי הַתְּשׁוּבָה לְהֵיטִיב פָּעֳלָיו בַּדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר זָדָה עָלָיו. אִם הִסְתַּכֵּל בָּעֲרָיוֹת יִתְנַהֵג בִּשְׁחוֹחַ עֵינָיִם. אִם חָטָא בִלְשׁוֹן הָרָע יַעֲסוֹק בַּתּוֹרָה וּבְכָל הָאֵיבָרִים אֲשֶׁר חָטָא יִשְׁתַּדֵּל לְקַיֵּם בָּהֶם הַמִּצְוֹת. וְכֵן אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה הַצַדִּיקִים בְּאוֹתוֹ דָבָר שֶׁחוֹטְאִים בּוֹ מִתְרַצִים. עוֹד אָמְרוּ אִם עָשִׂיתָ חֲבִילוֹת שֶׁל עֲבֵירוֹת עֲשֵׂה כְּנֶגְדָּן חֲבִילוֹת שֶׁל מִצְוֹת. רַגְלַיִם מְמַהֲרוֹת לָרוּץ לְרָעָה יִהְיוּ רָצִין לִדְבַר מִצְוָה. לְשׁוֹן שֶׁקֶר אֱמֶת יֶהֱגֶה חִכּוֹ. וּפִיו יִפְתַּח בְּחָכְמָה וְתוֹרַת חֶסֶד עַל לְשׁוֹנוֹ. יָדַיִם שׁוֹפְכוֹת דָּם פָּתוֹחַ יִפְתַּח אֶת יָדוֹ לְאֶחָיו לַעֲנִיָּו. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת יְהִי דַכָּא וְשַׁח עֵינַיִם. לֵב חוֹרֵשׁ מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן בְּלִבּוֹ יִצְפּוֹן אִמְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה וִיהִי הָגוּת לִבּוֹ תְבוּנוֹת. מְשַׁלֵּחַ מְדָנִים בֵּין אַחִים יְבַקֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם וְיִרְדְּפֵהוּ. (וְצָרִיךְ) חִפּוּשׂ דְּרָכָיו כְּעִנְיַן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איכה ג) נַחְפְּשָׂה דְרָכֵינוּ וְנַחְקוֹרָה וְנָשׁוּבָה עַד ה' וְיַעֲשֶׂה כֵּן לִשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים. הָאֶחָד לְמַעַן יִזְכּוֹר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁחָטָא עֲלֵיהֶם וְיִתְוַדֶּה עַל כֻּלָּן כִּי הַוִּידוּי מֵעִיקְרֵי הַכַּפָּרָה. וְהַשֵּׁנִי לְמַעַן יֵדַע כַּמָּה לוֹ עֲוֹנוֹת וַחֲטָאוֹת וְיוֹסִיף לְהִכָּנַע וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי כִּי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו לַעֲזוֹב כָּל חֵטְא צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֵּדַע הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁחָטָא עֲלֵיהֶם כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת בָּהֶם גְּדָרִים וּלְהִשָּׁמֵר מְאֹד לְנַפְשׁוֹ בָּהֶן מִמַּאֲרַב הַיֵּצֶר כִּי נַפְשׁוֹ עֲלוּלָה בָּהֶן אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר נִקְלוּ בְעֵינָיו וְשָׁלַט יִצְרוֹ בָהֶם. וְהִנֵּה נַפְשׁוֹ חוֹלָה מֵהַמַּעֲשִׂים הָהֵם וְהַחוֹלֶה כַּאֲשֶׁר יָחֵל לְהַבְרִיא צָרִיךְ לְהִזָּהֵר מֵהַרְבֵּה עִנְיָנִים שֶׁלֹּא יַחֲזִירוּהוּ לְחָלְיוֹ:
The tenth principle is to improve one's actions with that which he was wanton: If he stared at those sexually forbidden, he should accustom himself to lower his eyes. If he sinned with evil speech, he should occupy himself with Torah [study]. Likewise with all the limbs with which he sinned, he should attempt to fulfill the commandments with them. And so our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, said that the righteous ones become acceptable with the very thing with which they sin. And they also said (Leviticus Rabbah 21:5), "If you have done piles of sins, do piles and piles of commandments that correspond to them: Feet that ran to do evil shall run to the matter of a commandment; a false tongue, his palate should utter truth, he should open his mouth with wisdom and have the Torah of kindness on his tongue; hands that spilled blood, let him surely open his hand to his poor brothers; haughty eyes, let him be subdued and lower his eyes; a heart that seeks thoughts of injustice, let his heart mull words of Torah and the meditation of his heart be understanding; if he creates arguments between brothers, let him seek peace and pursue it."
And the eleventh principle is examining one's ways, as it is stated (Lamentations 3:40), "Let us search and examine our ways, and turn back to the Lord." And he should do this for three [reasons]: The first is in order that he remembers all of the things about which he sinned and confess them all. For confession is one of the principles of atonement. And the second is in order for him to know how many iniquities and sins he has, and enhance his submission. And the third is that even though he takes on himself to leave the sin - he must know the things about which he sinned in order to make fences for them and to greatly safeguard his spirit from them; from the ambush of the impulse, since his spirit is prone to them, as they have become light in his eyes and his impulse has taken control over them. And behold that his soul is sick from his actions. And when a sick person begins healing, he needs to be careful about many matters, so that he will not have a relapse of his sickness.