תורה
יכוין בקריאת ארבע פסוקים אלו שהם כנגד דֲ דמילוי יו''ד דשם ב''ן להשאיר בו הארה מתוספת הרוח משבת שעברה:
כה (כה) וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו׃
וּנְפַק קַדְמָאָה סִמּוֹק כֻּלֵּיהּ כִּגְלִים (נ"א כִּכְלָן) דִּשְׂעָר וּקְרוֹ שְׁמֵיהּ עֵשָׂו:
(כו) וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֞ן יָצָ֣א אָחִ֗יו וְיָד֤וֹ אֹחֶ֙זֶת֙ בַּעֲקֵ֣ב עֵשָׂ֔ו וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְיִצְחָ֛ק בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּלֶ֥דֶת אֹתָֽם׃
וּבָתַר כֵּן נְפַק אֲחוּהִי וִידֵיהּ אֲחִידָא בְּעִקְבָא דְעֵשָׂו וּקְרָא שְׁמֵיהּ יַעֲקֹב וְיִצְחָק בַּר שִׁתִּין שְׁנִין כַּד יְלִידַת יָתְהוֹן:
(כז) וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים׃
וּרְבִיּוּ עוּלֵמַיָּא וַהֲוָה עֵשָׂו גְּבַר נַחְשִׁירְכָן גְּבַר נָפֵק לְחַקְלָא וְיַעֲקֹב גְּבַר שְׁלִים מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בֵּית אוּלְפָנָא:
(כח) וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יִצְחָ֛ק אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו כִּי־צַ֣יִד בְּפִ֑יו וְרִבְקָ֖ה אֹהֶ֥בֶת אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃
וּרְחֵם יִצְחָק יָת עֵשָׂו אֲרֵי מִצֵּידֵיהּ הֲוָה אָכִיל וְרִבְקָה רְחֵימַת יָת יַעֲקֹב:
25 (25) And the first came out red, all over like a hairy garment; and they called his name ῾Esav.
(26) And after that came out his brother, and his hand took hold on ῾Esav’s heel; and his name was called Ya῾aqov: and Yiżĥaq was sixty years old when she bore them.
(27) And the boys grew: and ῾Esav was a cunning hunter, a man of the field; and Ya῾aqov was a plain man, dwelling in tents.
(28) And Yiżĥaq loved ῾Esav, for he relished his venison: but Rivqa loved Ya῾aqov.
נביאים
א (ז) מַגִּישִׁ֤ים עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִי֙ לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל וַֽאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה גֵאַלְנ֑וּךָ בֶּאֱמׇרְכֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהֹוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃
מְקָרְבִין אַתּוּן עַל מַדְבְּחִי קָרְבַּן מְרָחֵק וְאִם תֵּימְרוּן בְּמָא מְרָחֵק בִּדְאַתּוּן אָמְרִין פָּתוֹרָא דַייָ בְּסִיר הוּא:
(ח) וְכִֽי־תַגִּישׁ֨וּן עִוֵּ֤ר לִזְבֹּ֙חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע וְכִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְחֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע הַקְרִיבֵ֨הוּ נָ֜א לְפֶחָתֶ֗ךָ הֲיִרְצְךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲיִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔יךָ אָמַ֖ר יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
וּדְאַתּוּן מְקָרְבִין דְעַוִיר לְדַבָּחָא הֲלָא בִּישׁ וּדְאַתּוּן מְקָרְבִין דַחֲגִיר וְדִמְרִיעַ הֲלָא בִּישׁ קָרֵיבוֹהִי כְּעַן לְשִׁלְטוֹנָךְ דַעֲלָךְ הֲיִתְרְעֵי בָּךְ אוֹ הֲיִסַב אַפָּךְ אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת:
(ט) וְעַתָּ֛ה חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל וִֽיחׇנֵּ֑נוּ מִיֶּדְכֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את הֲיִשָּׂ֤א מִכֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים אָמַ֖ר יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
וּכְעַן צַלוּ כְּעַן קֳדָם אֱלָהָא וִיקַבֵּל צְלוֹתָנָא מִיֶדְכוֹן הֲוָה דָא הֲיִתְנַסְבוּן לְכוֹן אַפִּין אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת:
(י) מִ֤י גַם־בָּכֶם֙ וְיִסְגֹּ֣ר דְּלָתַ֔יִם וְלֹא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖י חִנָּ֑ם אֵֽין־לִ֨י חֵ֜פֶץ בָּכֶ֗ם אָמַר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּמִנְחָ֖ה לֹא־אֶרְצֶ֥ה מִיֶּדְכֶֽם׃
מַן אַף הָכָא בְּכוֹן וִיגוּף דָשֵׁי בֵית מַקְדְשִׁי וְלָא תִקְרְבוּן עַל מַדְבְּחִי קָרְבָּן מְרָחַק לָא רַעֲוָא קֳדָמַי בְּכוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת וְקוּרְבָּן לְרַעֲוָא לָא אֲקַבֵּל מִיֶדְכוֹן:
1 (7) You offer disgusting bread upon my altar; and you say, In what have we polluted Thee? In that you say, The table of the Lord is contemptible.
(8) And if you offer the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? and if you offer a lame or sick animal, is that not evil? offer it now to thy governor; will he be pleased with thee, or will he show you favour? says the Lord of hosts.
(9) And now, I pray you, entreat God that he will be gracious to us: this has been your doing: will he show favour to any of you? says the
Lord of hosts.
(10) O that there were one among you who would shut the doors that you might not kindle fire on my altar for nought! I have no pleasure in you, says the Lord of hosts, nor will I accept an offering at your hand.
כתובים
ה (כ) וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נׇכְרִיָּֽה׃
וּלְמָה תְשַׁרְגֵג בְּרִי בְּנוּכְרֵיתָא אוֹף לָא תְחַבֵּק עוּבָא (ג"ע חוּבָא) דְאַחֲרַיְתָא:
(כא) כִּ֤י נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הֹוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכׇל־מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו מְפַלֵּֽס׃
מְטוּל דְקָדָם עַיְנוֹי דֶאֱלָהָא אִנוּן אָרְחָתֵיהּ דְגַבְרָא וְכוּלְהוֹן שְׁבִילוֹי גְלָן קֳדָמוֹי:
(כב) עֲֽווֹנֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ׃
חוֹבוֹי דְרַשִׁיעָא קָמְטִין לֵיהּ וּבְחַבְלֵי דַחֲטוֹי נִתְפְּכֵר:
(כג) ה֗וּא יָ֭מוּת בְּאֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ יִשְׁגֶּֽה׃ {פ}
הוּא יְמוּת בְּלָא מַרְדוּתָא וּבְסוּגְאֵי דְשַׁטְיוּתֵיהּ נִטְעֵי:
5 (20) And why wilt thou, my son, be ravished with a strange woman, and embrace the bosom of an alien?
(21) For the ways of man are before the eyes of the Lord, and he ponders all his goings.
(22) His own iniquities shall trap the wicked man, and he shall be caught fast in the cords of his sins.
(23) He shall die for want of instruction; and in the greatness of his folly he shall go astray.
משנה
א. בַּמֶּה אִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה וּבַמָּה אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה. לֹא תֵצֵא אִשָּׁה לֹא בְחוּטֵי צֶמֶר וְלֹא בְחוּטֵי פִשְׁתָּן וְלֹא בִרְצוּעוֹת שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁהּ. וְלֹא תִטְבֹּל בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁתְּרַפֵּם. וְלֹא בְטֹטֶפֶת וְלֹא בְסַנְבּוּטִין בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָן תְּפוּרִין. וְלֹא בְכָבוּל לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. וְלֹא בְעִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, וְלֹא בְקַטְלָא, וְלֹא בִנְזָמִים, וְלֹא בְטַבַּעַת שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ חוֹתָם, וְלֹא בְמַחַט שֶׁאֵינָהּ נְקוּבָה. וְאִם יָצָאת, אֵינָהּ חַיֶּבֶת חַטָּאת:
ב. לֹא יֵצֵא הָאִישׁ בְּסַנְדָּל הַמְסֻמָּר, וְלֹא בְיָחִיד בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בְּרַגְלוֹ מַכָּה, וְלֹא בִתְפִלִּין, וְלֹא בְקָמֵעַ בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמֻּמְחֶה, וְלֹא בְשִׁרְיוֹן, וְלֹא בְקַסְדָּא, וְלֹא בְמַגָּפָיִם. וְאִם יָצָא, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב חַטָּאת:
ג. לֹא תֵצֵא אִשָּׁה בְמַחַט הַנְּקוּבָה, וְלֹא בְטַבַּעַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלֶיהָ חוֹתָם, וְלֹא בְכוֹלְיָאר, וְלֹא בְכוֹבֶלֶת, וְלֹא בִצְלוֹחִית שֶׁל פַּלְיָטוֹן. וְאִם יָצְתָה, חַיֶּבֶת חַטָּאת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין בְּכוֹבֶלֶת וּבִצְלוֹחִית שֶׁל פַּלְיָטוֹן:
ד. לֹא יֵצֵא הָאִישׁ לֹא בְסַיִף, וְלֹא בְקֶשֶׁת, וְלֹא בִתְרִיס, וְלֹא בְאַלָּה, וְלֹא בְרֹמַח. וְאִם יָצָא, חַיָּב חַטָּאת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תַּכְשִׁיטִין הֵן לוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן אֶלָּא לִגְנַאי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ב) וְכִתְּתוּ חַרְבוֹתָם לְאִתִּים וַחֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם לְמַזְמֵרוֹת, לֹא יִשָּׂא גּוֹי אֶל גּוֹי חֶרֶב וְלֹא יִלְמְדוּ עוֹד מִלְחָמָה. בִּירִית, טְהוֹרָה, וְיוֹצְאִין בָּהּ בְּשַׁבָּת. כְּבָלִים, טְמֵאִין, וְאֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶם בְּשַׁבָּת:
ה. יוֹצְאָה אִשָּׁה בְחוּטֵי שֵׂעָר, בֵּין מִשֶּׁלָּהּ בֵּין מִשֶּׁל חֲבֶרְתָּהּ בֵּין מִשֶּׁל בְּהֵמָה, וּבְטֹטֶפֶת וּבְסַנְבּוּטִין בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן תְּפוּרִין. בְּכָבוּל וּבְפֵאָה נָכְרִית לֶחָצֵר. בְּמוֹךְ שֶׁבְּאָזְנָהּ וּבְמוֹךְ שֶׁבְּסַנְדָּלָהּ וּבְמוֹךְ שֶׁהִתְקִינָה לְנִדָּתָהּ. בְּפִלְפֵּל וּבְגַרְגִּיר מֶלַח וּבְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁתִּתֵּן לְתוֹךְ פִּיהָ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תִתֵּן לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְשַׁבָּת. וְאִם נָפַל, לֹא תַחֲזִיר. שֵׁן תּוֹתֶבֶת וְשֵׁן שֶׁל זָהָב, רַבִּי מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים:
ו. יוֹצְאָה בְסֶלַע שֶׁעַל הַצִּינִית. הַבָּנוֹת קְטַנּוֹת יוֹצְאוֹת בְּחוּטִין וַאֲפִלּוּ בְקִסְמִין שֶׁבְּאָזְנֵיהֶם. עַרְבִיּוֹת יוֹצְאוֹת רְעוּלוֹת, וּמָדִיּוֹת פְּרוּפוֹת, וְכָל אָדָם, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּהֹוֶה:
ז. פּוֹרֶפֶת עַל הָאֶבֶן וְעַל הָאֱגוֹז וְעַל הַמַּטְבֵּעַ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תִפְרֹף לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְשַׁבָּת:
ח. הַקִּטֵּעַ יוֹצֵא בְקַב שֶׁלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר. וְאִם יֶשׁ לוֹ בֵית קִבּוּל כְּתוּתִים, טָמֵא. סָמוֹכוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ, טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס, וְיוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן בְּשַׁבָּת, וְנִכְנָסִין בָּהֶן בָּעֲזָרָה. כִּסֵּא וְסָמוֹכוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ, טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס, וְאֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין נִכְנָסִין בָּהֶן בָּעֲזָרָה. אַנְקַטְמִין טְהוֹרִין, וְאֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן:
ט. הַבָּנִים יוֹצְאִין בִּקְשָׁרִים, וּבְנֵי מְלָכִים בְּזוֹגִין. וְכָל אָדָם, אֶלָּא שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּהֹוֶה:
י. יוֹצְאִין בְּבֵיצַת הַחַרְגּוֹל, וּבְשֵׁן שׁוּעָל, וּבְמַסְמֵר מִן הַצָּלוּב, מִשּׁוּם רְפוּאָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּחֹל אָסוּר, מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי:
1. The mishna lists items that a woman may or may not carry into, or wear in the public domain on Shabbat. This depends the particular object is considered an ornament, which she may wear, or merely a burden for the woman, which she may not. Even if it is considered an ornament, there is still concern that she might remove it and carry it in her hand in the public domain, which is prohibited by Torah law. With what items may a woman go out into the public domain on Shabbat and with what items may she not go out? A woman may neither go out with strings of wool, nor with strings of flax, nor with strips of any other materials that a woman braids in the hair of her head. And a woman may not immerse in a ritual bath with them in her hair until she loosens them. When the strings or strips are tight, the water cannot reach her hair unobstructed, invalidating her immersion. And, likewise, a woman may neither go out with the ornament called totefet, nor with sarvitin that are not sewn into her head covering, nor with a kavul into the public domain. And, likewise, a woman may neither go out with a city of gold ornament, nor with a katla ornament, nor with nose rings, nor with a ring that has no seal on it, nor with a needle that is not perforated, which are merely for decorative purposes. And if she unwittingly went out wearing any of these, she is not liable to bring a sin-offering. According to Torah law, a woman is permitted to go out into the public domain wearing ornaments. However, the Sages decreed that a woman may not go out wearing certain ornaments, lest she remove them to show them to another and inadvertently carry them four cubits in the public domain.
2. A man may not go out on Shabbat with a spiked sandal, as will be explained in the Gemara. And he may not go out with a single sandal when there is no wound on his foot. And he may neither go out with phylacteries, nor with an amulet when it is not from an expert, but rather it was written by someone who has not established a reputation as an expert in writing amulets that are effective for those who carry them. And he may neither go out with shiryon, nor with a kasda, nor with maggafayim. These terms will be explained in the Gemara. And if he went out into the public domain with any of these, he is not liable to bring a sin-offering.
3. A woman may neither go out to the public domain with a perforated needle, i.e., a standard needle with an eye, nor with a ring that has a seal on it, nor with a kulyar, nor with a kovelet, the identity of which will be discussed in the Gemara, nor with a flask of balsam oil. And if she did go out into the public domain, she is liable to bring a sin-offering; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir, who holds that in doing so she violated the Torah prohibition of carrying a burden in the public domain on Shabbat. And the Rabbis exempt one who goes out on Shabbat with a kovelet and with a flask of balsam oil. In their opinion, these are ornaments, and therefore they do not fundamentally violate the Torah prohibition of carrying in the public domain on Shabbat.
4. Just as it is prohibited for a woman to carry out certain items unique to a woman into the public domain, the Sages said that a man may neither go out on Shabbat with a sword, nor with a bow, nor with a shield [teris], nor with an alla, nor with a spear. And if he unwittingly went out with one of these weapons to the public domain he is liable to bring a sin-offering. Rabbi Eliezer says: These weapons are ornaments for him; just as a man is permitted to go out into the public domain with other ornaments, he is permitted to go out with weapons. And the Rabbis say: They are nothing other than reprehensible and in the future they will be eliminated, as it is written: “And they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation will not raise sword against nation, neither will they learn war anymore” (Isaiah 2:4). With regard to women’s ornaments, they added that a garter placed on her leg to hold up stockings is pure and cannot become ritually impure as a utensil, and she may even go out with it on Shabbat. However, ankle chains, which were also women’s ornaments, can become ritually impure, and she may not go out with them on Shabbat.
5. The mishna continues to discuss those items with which it is permitted to go out and those items with which it is prohibited to go out on Shabbat. A woman may go out with strands of hair that she put on her head, whether they are from her own hair that she made into a wig, or whether they are from the hair of another, or whether they are from the hair of an animal. And a woman may go out with an ornament called totefet, and with sarvitin when they are sewn and will not fall. She may go out on Shabbat with a woolen cap or with a wig to the courtyard, although not to the public domain. And likewise she may go out with a cloth that is in her ear, and with a cloth in her sandal, and with a cloth that she placed due to her menstrual status. She may go out on Shabbat with pepper, or with a grain of salt, or anything placed in her mouth for healing or for preventing bad odor, as long as she does not put these objects in her mouth for the first time on Shabbat. And if it fell out she may not replace it. A false tooth as well as (Ramban) a gold tooth, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi permits going out with it, and the Rabbis prohibit doing so.
6. A woman may go out with a sela coin that she ties on a wound on her foot. The young girls may go out with strings, and even with wood chips that are in the holes in their ears so that the holes will not seal. Young girls would have their ears pierced, but earrings were not placed in their ears until they were older. Jewish women in Arab countries may go out veiled, with a scarf covering their face, and Jewish women in Media may go out with cloaks fastened with stones. And, any person in any place is permitted to go out on Shabbat clothed in that way; however, the Sages spoke in the present, addressing prevalent situations.
7. A woman may fasten her cloak on a stone by inserting a small stone and wrapping her cloak around it, as she would with a button. And likewise, she may do so on a nut or on a coin, as long as she does not fasten her cloak with them on Shabbat ab initio.
8. One with an amputated leg may go out on Shabbat with his wooden leg, as it has the legal status of a shoe; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And Rabbi Yosei prohibits going out into the public domain with the wooden leg, since he does not consider it to have the legal status of a shoe. And if the wooden leg has a receptacle for pads, a concave space at the top of the leg into which pads are placed to cushion the amputated leg, it assumes the status of a wooden vessel and can become ritually impure. And his supports, which are shoes that one who had both of his feet amputated places on his knees in order to walk on his knees, if a zav wears them, they are subject to ritual impurity imparted by treading. A zav is a primary source of ritual impurity. If he touches a vessel it assumes first-degree ritual impurity status. However, vessels on which he treads, sits, lies, or leans become primary sources of ritual impurity, provided they are designated for that purpose. These supports are vessels designated for treading. And one may go out with them into the public domain on Shabbat since they have the legal status of shoes. And one may enter the Temple courtyard with them. Although, generally, wearing shoes in the Temple courtyard is prohibited, in this regard, the supports do not have the legal status of shoes. However, if one who is crippled to the extent that he cannot walk at all sits on a chair that is attached to him, places supports on his hands, and propels himself along with his hands, his chair and supports are subject to ritual impurity imparted by treading. And one may not go out with them on Shabbat, and one may not enter the Temple courtyard with them. Loketamin, which will be explained in the Gemara, are ritually pure in the sense that they cannot become ritually impure because they are not vessels, and one may not go out with them on Shabbat.
9. Young boys may go out on Shabbat with knots as a folk remedy and princes with bells. And any person is permitted to go out on Shabbat with those objects; however, the Sages spoke in the present, addressing situations that were prevalent.
10. One may go out on Shabbat with a locust egg, and with a fox tooth, and with a nail from the crucified, for the purpose of healing; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. The Rabbis prohibit using these remedies even during the week, due to the prohibition of following the ways of the Amorite. These are superstitious beliefs and the customs of gentiles from which one must distance oneself.
גמרא
רֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ (עמוס ו') אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל זֶה פַּלְיִיטוֹן. מְתִיב רַב יוֹסֵף אַף עַל פַּלְיִיטוֹן גָּזַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ וְאִי אֲמַרְתְּ מִשּׁוּם תַּעֲנוּג אֲמָאי לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ אָמַר לֵיהּ אַבַּיֵּי וּלְטַעְמֵיךְ הָא דִכְתִיב (שם) הַשּׁוֹתִים בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן רִבִּי אָמֵי וְרִבִּי אָסֵי חַד אָמַר קְנִישְׁקְנִין. וְחַד אָמַר שֶׁמְּזַרְקִין כּוֹסוֹתֵיהֶן זֶה לָזֶה הָכִי נָמֵי דְאָסוּר וְהָא רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא אִקְלַע לְבֵי רֵישׁ גָּלוּתָא וְשָׁתָא בִּקְנִישְׁקְנִין וְלֹא אָמַר לֵיהּ וְלֹא מִידִי. אֶלָּא כָּל מִידִי דְאִית בֵּיהּ תַּעֲנוּג וְאִית בֵּיהּ שִׂמְחָה גָזְרוּ רַבָּנָן אֲבָל מִידִי דְאִית בֵּיהּ תַּעֲנוּג וְלֵית בֵּיהּ שִׂמְחָה לֹא גָזְרוּ רַבָּנָן. (שם) הַשּׁוֹכְבִים עַל מִטּוֹת שֵׁן וּסְרוּחִים עַל עַרְסוֹתָם. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר רִבִּי חֲנִינָא מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיוּ מַשְׁתִּינִים מַיִם בִּפְנֵי מִטּוֹתֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִים. מְגַדֵּף בָּהּ רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ אִי הָכִי הַיְינוּ דִכְתִיב (שם) לָכֵן עַתָּה יִגְלוּ בְּרֹאשׁ גּוֹלִים. מִשּׁוּם דְּמַשְׁתִּינִין מַיִם בִּפְנֵי מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן עֲרוּמִים יִגְלוּ בְּרֹאשׁ גּוֹלִים אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ אֵלּוּ בְנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים זֶה עִם זֶה וְדוֹבְקִין מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן זוּ בְּזוּ וּמַחֲלִיפִין נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶן זֶה עִם זֶה וּמַסְרִיחִין עַרְסוֹתָם בְּשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלָּהֶם. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ וְאַמְרֶי לָהּ בְּמַתְנִיתָּא תָּנָא שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים מְבִיאִין אֶת הָאָדָם לִידֵי עֲנִיּוּת וְאֵלּוּ הֵם. הַמַּשְׁתִּין מַיִם בִפְנֵי מִטָּתוֹ עָרוּם. וְהַמְזַלְזֵל בִּנְטִילַת יָדַיִם. וְשֶׁאִשְׁתּוֹ מְקַלְלָתוֹ בְּפָנָיו. הַמַּשְׁתִּין מַיִם בִּפְנֵי מִטָּתוֹ עָרוּם אָמַר רָבָא לָא אֲמָרָן אֶלָּא דִמְהַדֵּר אַפֵּיהּ לְפוּרְיָא אֲבָל לְבַרָאי לֵית לָן בָּהּ. וּמְהַדֵּר אַפֵּיהּ לְפוּרְיָא נָמֵי לָא אֲמָרָן אֶלָּא בְּאַרְעָא אֲבָל בְּמָנָא לֵית לָן בָּהּ. וּמְזַלְזֵל בִּנְטִילַת יָדַיִם אָמַר רָבָא לָא אֲמָרָן אֶלָּא דְלָא מָשָׁא יָדֵיהּ כְּלָל אֲבָל מָשָׁא וְלֹא מָשָׁא לֵית לָן בָּהּ. וְלָאו מִילְתָא הִיא דְאָמַר רַב חַסְדָּא אֲנָא מַשָּׁאי מְלֹא חָפְנָאי מַיָּא וְיָהֲבוּ לִי מְלֹא חָפְנָאי טִיבוּתָא:
Related to the mention of perfume, the Gemara cites several statements. It is stated: “That drink wine in mizrekei, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments; but they are not grieved for the hurt of Joseph” (Amos 6:6). Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: “The chief ointments” is balsam oil.
Rav Yosef raised an objection from the Tosefta: Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava issued a decree on balsam oil as well, prohibiting its use due to mourning over the destruction of the Temple, and the Sages did not agree with him. And if you say that balsam oil is the chief ointment cited in the verse, and the decree was issued due to the pleasure it provides, why didn’t the Sages agree with his decree? Doesn’t the verse criticize those who do not feel the pain of the people?
Abaye said to him: And according to your reasoning, that which is written in the same verse: “That drink wine in mizrekei”; Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi disagree over the meaning of the term mizrekei. One said: They are multi-spouted vessels [kenishkanin], wine vessels with spouts from which several people can drink at one time, and one said that they throw [mezarkin] their cups to one another in joy and jest. Is that also prohibited? Didn’t Rabba bar Rav Huna visit the house of the Exilarch and see the Exilarch drink from a multi-spouted vessel, and Rabba bar Rav Huna did not say anything to him?
Rather, the principle is as follows: With regard to any matter in which there is an element of pleasure and in which there is an element of joy, the Sages issued a decree prohibiting it due to mourning over the destruction of the Temple. However, with regard to a matter in which there is an element of pleasure and in which there is no element of joy, the Sages did not issue a decree. Since there is no element of joy in balsam oil, even though it is precious and pleasurable, they did not issue a decree prohibiting it.
The Gemara interprets additional verses related to the critique of the leadership of Samaria. It is stated: “That lie upon beds of ivory and stretch [seruḥim] upon their couches and eat the lambs out of the flock and the calves out of the midst of the stall” (Amos 6:4). Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: This term, seruḥim, interpreted homiletically, teaches that their sin was that they would urinate before their beds while naked.
Rabbi Abbahu ridiculed that interpretation: If so, that this is the meaning of the term seruḥim, is this the meaning of that which is written: “Therefore now they shall go into exile at the head of the exiles and the revelry of those seruḥim shall pass away” (Amos 6:7), because they urinate before their beds while naked they will be exiled at the head of exiles? Although doing so is revolting, a punishment so severe is certainly excessive.
Rather, Rabbi Abbahu said: This verse is referring to a grave sin. These are people who would eat and drink with each other, and join their beds to each other, and swap wives with each other, and defile their beds with semen that was not theirs. That is the meaning of seruḥim upon their couches. For those severe transgressions they deserved to be exiled at the head of exiles.
On a related note, Rabbi Abbahu said, and some say it was taught in a baraita: Three matters bring a person to a state of poverty as a divine punishment from Heaven: One who urinates before his bed while naked, and one who demeans the ritual washing of the hands, and one whose wife curses him in his presence.
The Gemara explains: With regard to one who urinates before his bed while naked, Rava said: We only said this prohibition in a case where he turns his face toward his bed and urinates toward it; however, if he turns his face and urinates toward the outer portion of the room, we have no problem with it.
And where one turns his face toward his bed, too, we only said this prohibition in a case where he urinates on the ground; however, if he urinates into a vessel, we have no problem with it since that is not considered disgusting.
With regard to one who demeans the ritual washing of the hands, Rava said: We only said this statement in a case where he does not wash his hands at all; however, if he washes his hands and does not wash them with a significant amount of water, we have no problem with it.
The Gemara notes: And that is not so, as Rav Ḥisda said: I wash my hands with handfuls of water and they gave me in reward handfuls of prosperity. Apparently, in order to garner the benefits of ritual washing of his hands, one should use a significant amount of water.
זוהר
וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ מִלְּבַד הָרָעָב הָרִאשׁוֹן וְגוֹ', רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פָּתַח וְאָמַר (תהלים י''א) יְיָ צַדִּיק יִבְחָן וְרָשָׁע וְאוֹהֵב חָמָס שָׂנְאָה נַפְשׁוֹ, כַּמָּה עוֹבָדוֹי דְּקֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מִתְתַּקְּנָן וְכָל מַה דְּאִיהוּ עָבִיד כֹּלָּא עַל דִּינָא וּקְשׁוֹט כְּמָה דִּכְתִיב (דברים ל''ב) הַצוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ כִּי כָל דְּרָכָיו מִשְׁפָּט אֵל אֱמוּנָה וְאֵין עָוֶל צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הוּא, תָּא חֲזֵי לָא דָּן קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לָאָדָם קַדְּמָאָה עַד דְּפָקִיד לֵיהּ לְתוֹעַלְתֵּיהּ דְּלָא יִסְטֵי לִבֵּיהּ וּרְעוּתֵיהּ לְאֹרַח אָחֳרָא בְּגִין דְּלָא יִסְתָּאָב וְאִיהוּ לָא אִסְתַּמָּר וְעָבַר עַל פִּקּוֹדֵי דְּמָארֵיהּ וּלְבָתַר כֵּן דָּן לֵיהּ דִּינָא וְעִם כָּל דָּא לָא דָּן לֵיהּ כִּדְקָא חֲזֵי לֵיהּ וְאוֹרִיךְ עִמֵּיהּ רוּגְזֵיהּ וְאִתְקַיֵּם יוֹמָא חַד דְּאִיהוּ אֶלֶף שְׁנִין בַּר אִנּוּן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנִים דְּמָסַר לֵיהּ לְדָוִד מַלְכָּא דְּלָא הַוָּה לֵיהּ מִגַּרְמֵיהּ כְּלוּם, כְּגַוְנָא דָּא לָא דָּן לֵיהּ לְבַר נַשׁ כְּעוֹבָדוֹי בִּישִׁין דְּאִיהוּ עָבִיד תָּדִיר דְּאִי הָכִי לָא יָכִיל עָלְמָא לְאִתְקַיְּמָא אֶלָּא קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא אָרִיךְ רוּגְזֵיהּ עִם צַדִּיקַיָּא וְעִם רְשִׁיעַיָּא יַתִּיר מִצַדִּיקַיָּא, עִם רְשִׁיעַיָּא בְּגִין דִּיתוּבוּן בְּתִיּוּבְתָּא שְׁלֵימָתָא דְּיִתְקַיְּמוּן בְּהַאי עָלְמָא וּבְעָלְמָא דְּאָתִי כְּמָה דִּכְתִיב (יחזקאל ל''ג) חַי אָנִי נְאֻם יְיָ וְגוֹ' אִם אֶחְפּוֹץ וְגוֹ' כִּי אִם בְּשׁוּב רָשָׁע מִדַּרְכּוֹ וָחָיָה, וָחָיָה בְּעָלְמָא דֵּין וָחָיָה בְּעָלְמָא דְּאָתִי וְעַל דָּא אוֹרִיךְ רוּגְזֵיהּ לוֹן תָּדִיר, אוֹ בְּגִין דְּיִפּוֹק מִנְּהוֹן גִּזְעָא טָבָא בְּעָלְמָא כְּמָה דְּאַפִּיק אַבְרָהָם מִתֶּרַח דְּאִיהוּ גִּזְעָא טָבָא וְשָׁרָשָׁא וְחוּלָקָא טָבָא לְעָלְמָא אֲבָל קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא מְדַקְדֵּק עִם צַדִּיקַיָּא תָּדִיר בְּכָל עוֹבָדִין דְּאִנּוּן עָבְדִין בְּגִין דְּיָדַע דְּלָא יִסְטוּן לִימִינָא וּשְׂמָאלָא וּבְגִין כָּךְ אַבְחִין לוֹן לָאו בְּגִנֵּיהּ דְּהָא אִיהוּ יָדַע יִצְרָא וְתוּקְפָּא דִּמְהֵימָנוּתָא דִּלְהוֹן אֶלָּא בְּגִין לַאֲרָמָא רֵישֵׁיהוֹן בְּגִנַּיְהוּ כְּגַוְנָא דָּא עָבַד לֵיהּ לְאַבְרָהָם דִּכְתִיב (בראשית כ''ב) וְהָאֱלֹהִים נִסָה אֶת אַבְרָהָם מַאי נִסָה הֲרָמַת נֵס כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אָמַר (ישעיה ס''ב) הָרִימוּ נֵס שְׂאוּ נֵס אָרִים דִּגְלָא דִּילֵיהּ בְּכָל עָלְמָא וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּהָא אִתְמָר בְּגִין דָּא קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא אָרִים דִּגְלָא דְּאַבְרָהָם בְּעֵינֵיהוֹן דְּכֹלָּא הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב נִסָה אֶת אַבְרָהָם אוֹף הָכִי קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא בְּגִין לַאֲרָמָא דִּגְלָא דְּצַדִּיקַיָּא אִיהוּ בָּחִין לוֹן לַאֲרָמָא רֵישַׁיְהוּ בְּכָל עָלְמָא:
Rabbi Yehuda said that this should have been true of Laban as well, because he was also a sorcerer, as it is written, "I have learned by signs that Hashem has blessed me for your sake" (Gen. 30:27). And although Jacob was a plain and whole man, he was merciful with whomever he had to be merciful with. He was strict in judgment and deceitful when necessary. For he consisted of two parts. It is written of him, "With the merciful you will show yourself merciful; and with the perverse you will show yourself subtle" (Tehilim 18:26), which means that with the merciful on the side of Chesed, and with the perverse on the side of Strict Judgment, all as it ought to be. "And there was a famine in the land..." (Gen. 26:1). Rabbi Yehuda opened the discussion with the verse, "Hashem tries the righteous, but the wicked and him who loves violence His soul hates" (Tehilim 11:5). How orderly and right are the deeds of the Holy One, blessed be He, and all He does is according to justice and truth, as it is written, "He is the Rock, His work is perfect" (Devarim 32:4).
Come and behold, the Holy One, blessed be He, did not judge Adam before He commanded him for his own good not to let his heart and will stray in another direction so that he would not be defiled. But he was not careful, and transgressed the precepts of his Master. Then the Holy One, blessed be He, judged him.
Even then, the Holy One, blessed be He, did not judge him as harshly as he deserved. He refrained from wrath and let him be among the living for one day, which is one thousand years, minus the seventy years that he gave to king David, who had no life of his own.
Similarly, (Hashem) does not judge man according to his evil deeds, which he continually does, for if He did so, the world would not have survived. But the Holy One, blessed be He, refrains from wrath with the Righteous and the wicked. With the wicked more than with the righteous, so that they may repent completely and exist in this world and in the World to Come. As it is written, "'As I live,' says Adonai Elohim. 'I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live'" (Ezekiel 33:11), to live in this world and in the World to Come. For that reason, He is always forbearing. Another reason is that good stock may issue from them, as Abraham was begotten of Terah, who issued good stock and good origin and portion in the world.
But the Holy One, blessed be He, is always strict with the Righteous in every deed they do. Because He knows they will not turn away, neither to the right nor the left, He constantly tests them. Not for His own sake, as He knows their desire and the firmness of their faith and has no need of trying them. He tries them only to lift up their heads, to give them confidence as they earn their merits through these (experiences).
Hashem behaved similarly toward Abraham, as it is written, "that the Elohim did test Abraham" (Gen. 22:1). What is meant by "test (Heb. נִסָּה)?" It means the raising of the banner (Heb. נֵס), as it is written, "lift up a standard" (Isaiah 62:10), and "set up the standard" (Jer. 4:6). He raised his standard over the whole world. And for this, the Holy One, blessed be He, raised the banner of Abraham before everybody's eyes, as it is written, "Did test Abraham." Thus the Holy One, blessed be He, in order to lift the standard of the righteous, tries them, so they will lift up their heads throughout the world. "Tries the Righteous" (Tehilim 11:5): What is the reason thereof? According to Rabbi Shimon, it is because the Holy One, blessed be He, wishes for the Righteous. As it is written, "But it pleased Hashem to crush him by disease" (Isaiah 53:10). This has already been explained. The Holy One, blessed be He, wishes for the soul and not the body, because the soul resembles the supernal soul (i.e. the Shechinah) and the body is not worthy of being united above. Thus, although the shape of the body is in the image of the supernal secret,
וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ מִלְּבָד וְגוֹ': רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פָּתַח וְאָמַר. יְיָ צַדִּיק יִבְחָן וְרָשָׁע וְאוֹהֵב חָמָס שָׂנְאָה נַפְשׁוֹ. כַּמָּה הֵם מְתוּקָנִים וִישָׁרִים מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְכָל מַה שֶּׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַכֹּל הוּא בְּדִין וּבֶאֱמֶת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (דברים ל''ב) הַצוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ וְגוֹ'. בֹּא וּרְאֵה, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא דָּן אֶת אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, מִטֶּרֶם שֶׁצִוָּה אוֹתוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל טוֹבָתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יַטֶּה לִבּוֹ וּרְצוֹנוֹ לְדֶרֶךְ אַחֵר, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל מֵעֵץ הַדַּעַת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִטְמָא, וְהוּא לֹא נִשְׁמָר, וְעָבַר עַל מִצְוֹת רִבּוֹנוֹ, שֶׁאָכַל מֵעֵץ הַדַּעַת, וּלְאַחַר זֶה דָּן אוֹתוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בַּדִּין. וְעִם כָּל זֶה, לֹא דָּן אוֹתוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כָּרָאוּי לוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּיוֹם אֲכָלְךְ מוֹת תָּמוּת, אֶלָּא שֶׁהֱאֶרִיךְ לוֹ אַפּוֹ, וְנִשְׁאָר בַּחַיִּים יוֹם אֶחָד, דְּהַיְנוּ יוֹמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁהוּא אֶלֶף שָׁנִים פָּחוֹת שִׁבְעִים שָׁנִים הַלָּלוּ, אֲשֶׁר נָתַן אוֹתָם לְדָוִד הַמֶּלֶךְ, שֶׁמֵּעַצְמוֹ לֹא הָיָה לוֹ חַיִּים כְּלָל. כְּעֵין זֶה, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינוֹ דָּן אֶת הָאָדָם כְּפִי מַעֲשָׂיו הָרָעִים, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה תָּמִיד, כִּי אִם הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה כֵּן, לֹא הָיָה הָעוֹלָם יָכוֹל לְהִתְקַיֵּם. אֶלָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַאֲרִיךְ אַפּוֹ עִם הַצַדִּיקִים, וְעִם הָרְשָׁעִים מַאֲרִיךְ אַפּוֹ עוֹד יוֹתֵר מִצַדִּיקִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּשׁוּבוּ בִּתְשׁוּבָה שְׁלֵמָה, שֶׁיִּתְקַיְּמוּ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וּבָעוֹלָם הַבָּא כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (יחזקאל ל''ג) חַי אָנִי וְגוֹ' כִּי אִם בְּשׁוּב רָשָׁע מִדַּרְכּוֹ וְחָיָה. דְּהַיְנוּ וְחָיָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְחָיָה בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא. מִשּׁוּם זֶה, מַאֲרִיךְ אַפּוֹ לָהֶם תָּמִיד. אוֹ מִטַּעַם שֶׁיֵּצֵא מֵהֶם בָּעוֹלָם גֶּזַע טוֹב, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיָּצָא אַבְרָהָם מִתֶּרַח, שֶׁהוּא הוֹצִיא גֶּזַע וְשֹׁרֶשׁ טוֹב וְחֵלֶק טוֹב בָּעוֹלָם. אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מְדַקְדֵּק תָּמִיד עִם הַצַדִּיקִים בְּכָל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם שֶׁעוֹשִׂים, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ שֶׁלֹּא יַטּוּ לִימִין אוֹ לִשְׂמֹאל. וְעַל כֵּן הוּא מְנַסֶּה אוֹתָם. וְלֹא בִּשְׁבִיל עַצְמוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְנַסֶּה אוֹתָם, שֶׁהֲרֵי יוֹדֵעַ יִצְרָם וְתוֹקֶף אֱמוּנָתָם, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְנַסּוֹתָם. אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּנַסֶּה אוֹתָם כְּדֵי לְהָרִים רֹאשָׁם בִּזְכוּת הַנִּסְיוֹנוֹת. כְּעֵין זֶה, עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְאַבְרָהָם שֶׁכָּתוּב, וְהָאֱלֹקִים נִסָּה אֶת אַבְרָהָם. מַהוּ נִסָּה, הוּא הֲרָמַת נֵס, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר, הָרִימוּ נֵס. שְׂאוּ נֵס. הֵרִים הַדֶּגֶל שֶׁלּוֹ בְּכָל הָעוֹלָם. וּכְמוֹ שֶׁלָּמַדְנוּ, שֶׁבִּשְׁבִיל זֶה, דְּהַיְנוּ בִּשְׁבִיל הַנִּסָּיוֹן בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָעֲקֵדָה, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הֵרִים דִּגְלוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם לְעֵינֵי כֹּל, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁכָּתוּב נִסָּה אֶת אַבְרָהָם, אַף כָּךְ, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כְּדֵי לְהָרִים דֶּגֶל הַצַדִּיקִים הוּא בּוֹחֵן אוֹתָם, כְּדֵי לְהָרִים רֹאשָׁם בְּכָל הָעוֹלָם.
הלכה פסוקה
א. כְּלִי שֶׁהָיָה שֵׁם כָּתוּב עָלָיו קוֹצֵץ אֶת מְקוֹם הַשֵּׁם וְגוֹנְזוֹ וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה הַשֵּׁם חָקוּק בִּכְלִי מַתָּכוֹת אוֹ בִּכְלִי זְכוּכִית וְהִתִּיךְ הַכְּלִי הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה אֶלָּא חוֹתֵךְ אֶת מְקוֹמוֹ וְגוֹנְזוֹ. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה שֵׁם כָּתוּב עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִרְחַץ וְלֹא יָסוּךְ וְלֹא יַעֲמוֹד בְּמָקוֹם הַטִנּוֹפֶת. נִזְדַמְּנָה לוֹ טְבִילָה שֶׁל מִצְוָה כּוֹרֵךְ עָלָיו גֶמִי וְטוֹבֵל. וְאִם לֹא מָצָא גֶמִי מְסַבֵּב בִּבְגָדָיו וְלֹא יְהַדֵּק כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָחוּץ שֶׁלֹא אָמְרוּ לִכְרוֹךְ עָלָיו אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָסוּר לַעֲמוֹד בִּפְנֵי הַשֵׁם כְּשֶׁהוּא עָרוּם:
ב. הַסּוֹתֵר אֲפִלּוּ אֶבֶן אַחַת דֶּרֶךְ הַשְׁחָתָה מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אוֹ מִן הַהֵיכָל אוֹ מִשְׁאַר הָעֲזָרָה לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כִּי אֶת מִזְבְּחוֹתָם תִּתּוֹצוּן וּכְתִיב (דברים יב) לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן לַה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. וְכֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף עֲצֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ דֶּרֶךְ הַשְׁחָתָה לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַאֲשֵׁרֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן בָּאֵשׁ וּכְתִיב לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן לַה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם:
ג. כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ כֻּלָּן וּפִירוּשֵׁיהֶן וּבִיאוּרֵיהֶן אָסוּר לְשׂוֹרְפָם אוֹ לְאַבְּדָם בְיָד וְהַמְאַבְּדָן בְּיָד מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּכִתְבֵי הַקּדֶשׁ שֶׁכְּתָבָם יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּקְדוּשָׁה אֲבָל אֶפִּיקוֹרוֹס יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁכָּתַב סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה שׂוֹרְפִין אוֹתוֹ עִם הָאַזְכָּרוֹת שֶׁבּוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַאֲמִין בִּקְדושַׁת הַשֵּׁם וְלֹא כְּתָבוֹ לִשְׁמוֹ אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא מַעֲלֶה בְדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁזֶּה כִּשְׁאַר הַדְּבָרִים וְהוֹאִיל וְדַעְתּוֹ כֵּן לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ הַשֵּׁם וּמִצְוָה לְשׂוֹרְפוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹא לְהָנִיחַ שֵׁם לַאֲפִּיקוֹרוֹסִים וְלֹא לְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם אֲבָל גּוֹי שֶׁכָּתַב אֶת הַשֵׁם גּוֹנְזִין אוֹתוֹ. וְכֵן כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁבָּלוּ. אוֹ שֶׁכְּתָבָן גּוֹי יִגָּנְזוּ:
A vessel with a Name inscribed thereon, the part whereon the Name appears must be cut out and hidden.6Arakin, 6b. C. Even when a Name be engraved on a vessel of metal or glass, if he deliberately recasts the vessel he is lashed, for the engraved part should be cut out and hidden. Likewise, if one had a Name written upon his flesh, he shall not wash, anoint himself or remain in unclean places; if he must undergo a mandatory emersion, he shall cover it with a leaf or, when no leaf is to be found, with part of his garments, yet must he not fasten it lest it be obstructive to the emersion, as it was not said to cover it save only because it is forbidden to remain nude in the Presence of the Name.7Shabbat, 120a. C.
He who wilfully destroys even one stone of the altar, or of the Temple, or of any other part of the Court, is lashed; for it is said with respect to idolatry: "For their altars must ye demolish," and it is written: "Ye shall not do so unto the Lord your God" (Deut. 12.4)8Sifre, Deut. 12. C.; Likewise, if one willfully sets fire to trees intended for sacred use is lashed, for it is said: "And their sacred trees ye shall burn in fire," and it is also written: "Ye shall not do so unto the Lord your God" (Ibid).9Makkot, 22. C.
All the Holy Scriptures and their exegesis and commentaries, must not be burned or otherwise willfully destroyed, and whosoever willfully destroys them is punished by being smitten as a rebel. Whereat are these words directed? Only with respect to sacred writings which were written in sacredness by an Israelite; but if an atheist, even though an Israelite, wrote a Book of the Torah, such book must be burned together with the mentioned Names therein, because he believes not in the sacredness of the Name, and surely did not write it in His name, but thought of it merely as of secular matters, and because his mind was such, no Name therein was sanctified. Moreover, it is mandatory to burn it so that there be left no monument either to the infidels or to their works. But if an idolater wrote the Name, it shall be hidden. Likewise, volumes of the Holy Scriptures which became moth-eaten, or which were written by an idolater, shall be hidden.11Gittin, 45b. C.
מוסר
ספר צידה לדרך דף רי"א ע"ב
מִי יִתְפַּלֵּל אוֹ יִתְעַנֶּה אוֹ יְרַצֶה בּוֹרַאֲךָ עַל עֲוֹנֶךָ אַחֲרֵי מוֹתָךְ וְהַמָּוֶת רוֹדֵף אַחֲרֶיךָ וְהוֹלֵךְ עַל רַגְלֶיךָ בְּכָל יוֹם וּבְכָל עֵת וּבְכָל שָׁעָה וּבְכָל רֶגַע. וְיִהְיֶה הַקֶּבֶר וְהֶעָפָר מִטָּתָךְ וְהַתּוֹלַעַת וְהָרִמָּה רֵעֶיךָ וּמְשַׁמְּשֶׁיךָ וְצַוְּתָךְ. וְהִנֵּה הַמֵּתִים בְּשַׁעַר הָעִיר מְיַחֲלִים בּוֹאֶךָ וְלֹא יֵלְכוּ מִשָׁם עַד שֶׁתָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם. הֲלֹא יָדַעְתָּ שֶׁהָיוּ חֲפֵצִים לָשׁוּב הֵנָּה לְהַשְׁלִים חֶסְרוֹנָם וְאֵיךְ תִּכָּלֵם מִן הַיְצוּרִים וְלֹא תִכָּלֵם מִיּוֹצְרֶיךָ הָכֵן עַצְמְךָ אִם אַתָּה אוֹהֵב נֶאֱמָן בְּיָמֶיךָ הַקְּצָרִים לְיָמִים הָאֲרוּכִים וּמִבֵּית הַהֶפְסֵד וְהַנְסִיעָה לְבֵית הַקַּיָּם וְהַנִּשְׁאָר וּמִבֵּית הָאֲבֵילוּת וְהַיָּגוֹן לְבֵית הַשִׂמְחָה וְהַתַּעֲנוּג וְלָצֵאת מֵעַבְדּוּת לְחֵירוּת טֶרֶם תֵּצֵא כְּצֵאת הַיּוֹצֵא לַהַרִיגָה. ה' יָסִיר מַסְוֶה הָעִוָּרוֹן מֵעַל פָּנֵינוּ לֵאוֹר בְּאוֹר הַחַיִּים וְלַעֲשׂוֹת רְצוֹנוֹ כִּרְצוֹנֵינוּ תָּמִיד אָמֵן כֵּן יְהִי רָצוֹן: