Save "Rabbi David HaLevi Segal on Beer๐Ÿบ
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Rabbi David HaLevi Segal on Beer๐Ÿบ

(ืœื”) ืฉืชืื• ื‘ืค"ืค ื›ื•'. ื›ื‘"ื™ ื“ื”ื ื“ืืชืงืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืืกืจ ืœื™ืฉื ื›ืคื™ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื›"ืœ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื›ื ืื™ืกื•ืจื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื›"ืž ืค"ื ืžื”' ื‘ื™ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ื“ืž"ืฉ ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืชื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื‘"ืค ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“' ืื‘ืœ ืื–ื”ืจ' ืื™ื›ื. ื•ืชืžื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื"ื› ืžื ืœื™' ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืื™ืชืงืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืงืฉ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืืกืžื›ืชื ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื™ืงืฉ ื”ื•ื ื' ืžื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืžื– ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืฉ ื–ื” ืืกืžื›ืชื ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื ื”ืชื•' ืค' ื"ื  ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืื ื "ื› ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืžื›ื— ื”ื™ืงืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื” ืจืง ืืกืžื›ืชื ืœื ื”ื™' ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉ"ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืข"ื› ื ืœืข"ื“ ื“ื’ื ื’ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื›"ืž ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืคืกืงื ื”ืœื›' ื›ืจ"ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืชื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืื"ื› ืฉืชื” ืžืžื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื• ื•ื›"ืค ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ืขื›"ืœ ืž"ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืข"ื› ื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ืฉืชื” ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืจ ืืฃ ืข"ื’ ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืค"ื ื“ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืืœื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžืฉื›ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ืฉืจื” ืž"ืž ื’ื‘ื™ ื "ื› ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื›"ืค ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจ' ื•ื›"ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžืฉื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื "ื› ืืข"ื’ ื“ืœืคื™' ื”ื‘"ื™ ืœื ืืชืงืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืž"ืฉ:

(ื) ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจืฉ"ืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›"ื’ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืงื•ื"ืก ืื• ื‘ืืจืฉ"ื˜ ื“ื”ื ื‘ืœื"ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื‘"ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืข"ื›. ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›' ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืœื›ื•ืก ืคื’ื•ื ื“ืก"ืก ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืคื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื•ืชื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“' ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœ' ืงื•ื‘ืขื™' ืขืฆืžื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืžืจ ืžื“ื™ื ' ื’"ื– ื ืจ' ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•' ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืž"ืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื ืš ืžืœื ื•ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืจื‘ืš ืจื™ืงื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉืง ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืœืžื” ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœ' ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžื–' ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ื“ืื™' ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื™' ืจื™"ื ื•ื›"ื› ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ:

(ื) ืœืงื— ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ืžื™ื ื›ื•'. ื–ื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืจืง ื”ืš ืื• ืžื™ื ืœื™ืชื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื” ืคืกืง ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉ"ืข ื“ื‘ืค"ื ืžืง"ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื›"ืž ืฉืฉืืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ืœื•ื ื™"ืœ ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืžื” ื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ืคื”"ื’ ื•ื”ื ื–ื” ื“ืžื™ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ ื“ืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื“ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืคืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืขื•ืจื™' ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ื"ื› ืœืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืฉ"ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ื ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืคืฉื™ื˜' ื“ืœื ื™ืฆื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืขื•ืจื™' ื’ื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™' ื‘ืคื™ื• ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™"ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื—"ื› ื“ื‘ืขื™' ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืขื›"ืค ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงื™"ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืก"ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™':

(ื‘) ื•ื™"ื ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•'. ื ืจืื” ื“ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื›"ืฉ ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคืช ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘' ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื›ืœื ื“ื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจืง ืœื”ืš ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืœื” ืจืž"ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื’ื ื–ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืฉื›ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ื ืืœื• ื' ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™':

(ื) ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืง"ืœ ื”ื ืงื™"ืœ ื‘ืกื™' ืจื™"ื ืก"ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื• ื‘ืคื”"ืข ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื”"ืข ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื›ื•' ื•ื"ื› ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ื•ืก ืฉื›ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื—ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ื™"ืœ ื“ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชื—ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืข"ื› ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื—ื ื’"ื› ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•' ืกื™' ืขืจ"ื‘ ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืกื™' ืจืฆ"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืกืขื•ื“' ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื"ืฆ ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืขืกื™' ืจืฆ"ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื•:

(ื™ื‘) ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ื•'. ืคื™' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืž"ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื ืืจื•ื›' ื”ื•ื” ื›ืกืคื•ื’ ื›ื•' ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ื’ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™"ื– ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื‘ืขืœืžื ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžื”ื“ืงื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืงื‘ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ ืกื—ื™ื˜ื” ืข"ื› ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฉืœื ื™ื ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ื ืกื—ื˜ ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื“ื”ื›ื ื•ืž"ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ื’"ื› ื‘ืจื–ื ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืจืชื™ ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืืœื ื“ืž"ืž ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืขื” ืงืžื™ื™ืชื ืฉืื ื• ืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ืจืง ืฉืœืื˜ื™"ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืข"ื› ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉื ืกื—ื˜. ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื—ื™ื˜ื”. ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ื“ืžื›ื‘ืก ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืž"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกืง ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉ"ืข ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื™"ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื›ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืืœื ื“ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื "ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ื“ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื›ื‘ืก ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ืก ืื“ืจื‘ื ืžืื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื—ื™ื˜ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ื“ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืคืจืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื ื‘ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ื ืคื™ืง ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืคืจืง ืืœื ืฉืœื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื“ื›ืืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืขื›"ืค ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ื•ืž"ื” ืื ื ืฉืคืš ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืงื•ืชื• ืขื›"ืค ืœื ื™ืฉืื•ื‘ ืžืฉื ืชื•ืš ื›ืฃ ื' ื•ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื™ืฉืœื™ื›ื ื” ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืž"ืž ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืื‘ ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืฃ ืขื•ืฉื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื” ื“ืžืคืจืง ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืื—"ื› ื”ื›ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ืžืฉืง' ืฉื ืฉืคืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ื‘ ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืง ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื— ื“ืืœ"ื› ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืขื›"ืค ืœื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื™ื ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืคืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื“ ืืคื™' ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืžื›ื‘ืก ื›ื ืœืข"ื“ ื‘ื–ื”:

(ื’) ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืค' ื”ื“ืจ ื›"ื› ืžื”ืจ"ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืžื”ื”ื™' ื“ืกื™' ืฉ"ืข ืก"ื” ืื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื›ื•' ื“ืื ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืคืจืก ืžืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ื”"ื  ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืคืจืก ืžืžื ื• ื•ืง"ืœ ื“ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืงื•ืœื ื˜ืคื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืจ' ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืขื›ื•"ื ืžื—ื™ื•' ืœืขืจื‘ ื“ื”ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•' ื™ืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืืคื™' ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื• ื•ืœืงื™ื˜ื• ืืคื™' ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—' ื›ืž"ืฉ ืกื™' ืฉืค"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื•' ืืกื•' ื‘ืข"ื› ืืคื™' ืœื™ืงื— ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืชื• ื›ืž"ืฉ ืกื™' ืฉืก"ื– ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ืขื›ื•"ื ืงื™ืœ ื˜ืคื™ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืขื›ื•"ื ืื•ืกืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืชื• ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ืจืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื•' ื”"ื  ืœืžื” ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืœื•' ืž"ืž ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื“ื“ ื‘"ื™ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจ ืœืฉืจ ื“ื”ืฉืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“"ื ื›ื•' ืืœื ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืž"ื ืฆ"ืข ืฉื”ื›ื ื™' ื”ื’ื” ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื›ื•"ื ืื• ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ื›' ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื' ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื›ืš ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืงื ืชื• ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื ื. ื•ื"ื› ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื›ื•"ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฆื“ ื' ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื—ื•ืžื” ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืจ ืฉืงื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื›ื•"ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ืจืง ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืก ืืกื•ืจ ืืคื™' ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ื›ื ืœืข"ื“ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื›ื•"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื›ื•"ื ืืœื ื›"ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืื—"ื› ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื ื•:

ืขื•ื“ ื›' ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื–ื™ืช ื›ื•' ื”ื‘"ื™ ื—ื™ืœืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื"ืค ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ื”ื ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื›ืš ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ื"ืค ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›"ื› ืื—"ื› ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื”"ืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืจ"ื ื‘ื "ื˜ ื•ืœ"ืค ืขืœ ืจ"ื ืืœื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื”ื ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืงื™ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื"ืค ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืžื•ื— ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืžื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืข"ื“

(ื“) ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื•'. ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื• ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื™"ื  ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›"ื’ ืกื˜"ื• ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืก' ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ืžืฅ ื”"ืœ ื–ื•ื–"ื’ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืค"ื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ืฉื ื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค"ื– ื“ืื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืก' ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืก' ืงื•ื“ื ืคืกื— ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ืžืฅ ื—ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืคื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกื— ืืžืจื™' ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื ื™ืขื•ืจ ืืข"ื’ ื“ืœื ืืžืจื™' ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืžืฅ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื  ืขื•ืจ ืž"ืž ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™' ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื—ืžืฅ ืืœื ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืžืข"ืœ ื“ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืข"ื“ ื“ื "ื˜ ืœืคื’ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืžืžื™ืœื ืืกื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›"ื’ ื•ืข"ื› ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœ ืžืข"ื“ ืœืคืกื— ืฉื™ืจืื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื• ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืข"ื“ ื”ื ื—ืžืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžืข"ื“ ื ืชื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื’ื ืื ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืœ' ืจื•ืกื™ื ืงื•ื•ืกื ื™"ืง ืฉืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ืžืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืž"ืž ื”ื›ื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื”ืžื—ืžืฅ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืข"ื“ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืข"ืœ ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›"ื‘ ื“ืกืชื ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘"ื™ ื•ืืคื™' ื›ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืž"ืฉ ืฉื ืžื˜ืขื ืก"ืก ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื›ื ื˜"ืœ ื•ื ื˜"ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืœื ื“ื‘ืกื™' ืชืž"ื– ืก"ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืžืฅ ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืกืชื ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘"ื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ืชื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ ืฉื›ืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื—ืžืฅ ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื‘ื”ื ืžืข"ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื—ืžืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžืจื™ ืฉื›ืจ ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื•ื™ ืกืคืง ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืฅ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืœื”ื—ืžื™' ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขื™ืœื•ื”ื• ืื• ืžืžืœืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื’"ืค ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื” ืกื™"ื‘ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื™ื™"ื  ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืข"ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ืจืž"ื ืกื™' ืชืž"ื– ืก"ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื• ื›ืฉื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ื• ื•ืื ืŸ ืงื™"ืœ ืกืชื ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘"ื™ ื•ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฉืžืจื™ ืฉื›ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื›"ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ืŸ ื”ืžืข"ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื—ื–ืง ื•ื "ื˜ ืœืฉื‘ื— ื‘ืžืข"ื“ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ื"ื› ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘"ื™ ื•ื"ื› ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ืœืœ ืข"ื› ืฉื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฉื• ื™ืจื—ืง ืžื–ื” ืืคื™' ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›"ืฉ ืžืœื™ืงื— ืžืข"ื“ ืžืขื›ื•"ื ื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืžื ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ:

(ื) ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืช ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื“ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘ืขื˜"ื‘ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืจื™ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื•' ื•ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืค"ืง ื“ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ื™"ื— ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”"ื” ื ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืคืกืงืช ืฉืจื™ ื•ื›' ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืข"ื– ื ืจืื” ื“ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืืกืจื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืชื“ืข ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืชื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžืจื™' ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœื ื—ื ืื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœื ื—ืžื• ืœืฉื›ื— ืฆืขืจื• ื•ื”ื›ื ืืกืจื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืฉืชื” ื™ืฉื›ื— ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœื›ืš ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืืคื™' ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื”ื ื“ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืœื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจ' ื™"ืœ ืืž"ืฉ ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื“ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘' ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื' ื“ื”ื ื‘ืค' ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืืžืจื™' ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืืžืจื™ ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื• ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืœื™ื— ืื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืชื ืŸ ื”ืชื ืขื˜"ื‘ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืœื™ื— ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื"ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ื›"ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืžื™' ื”ื›ื ืžืื™ ื”ืชื ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—' ื”ื•ื ื›"ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืžื™ื ื ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื›ื ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืืžืฉื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ืžืคื™ื’ ื˜ืขืžื• ื•ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืข ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกืงื ื ื“ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืงื ื ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ื”ื›ื ืžืื™ ืžื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ืชื ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื ืžื™ ืื–ืœื™' ื‘ืชืจ ืฉืžื—' ื“ืื– ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืจื™ื” ืื• ืœื ื ื™ืžื ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืœื ืื–ืœื™' ื‘ืชืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืื‘ืขื™' ืœื ื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ืจืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ื“ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉ"ืž ื“ื‘ืขื˜"ื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื "ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื“ื—ืง ื‘ื—ื ื ืœืชืจืฅ ื”ื’ืž' ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื•ืง"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ืœืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื–ื• ืืžืจื™' ื‘ืคื™' ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื“ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื' ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืœื—ื“ ืฆื“ ื•ืœืคื™ ืคื™' ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ื’"ื› ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื”"ืง ื”ืชื ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ืืฃ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืคื™' ื“ืชืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื' ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘' ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื' ื•ืข"ื– ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืž' ื”ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืคื™' ื“ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ [ื”ื™ืชืจ] ืืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™' ื•ื™ืฉ ืชืจืชื™ ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืืกื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืœื ืื–ืœื™' ื‘ืชืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ื‘ืชืจ ื˜ืขื ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ืข"ื› ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื“ ืฆื“ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื›"ืค ื˜ืขื ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—' ืข"ื› ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื˜"ื‘ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืื–ืœื™' ื’"ื› ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžืฆืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื "ืž ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืืกื•' ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืž"ืž ื™ืฉ ื "ืž ื“ืœื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืื–ืœื™' ื’ื ื‘ืชืจ ื˜ืขื ื•ื‘ืขื™' ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ื•ื™ืฉื›ื— ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื› ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืคืกืงืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืข"ื“ ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฃ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฉื›ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืข"ื› ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ื ืœืข"ื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•' ืจืฉ"ืœ ืกื™' ืœ"ื ืื•ืกืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื—ืœืฉ

(ื˜ื•) ืื ื ื‘ืœืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ื•'. ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื”"ื ื“ืฃ ืงื›"ื• ืœืžื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื–"ืœ ืžื“ืื™ืชื ืคืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ืงื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื ืžื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื•ืื™ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื”ื• ื”ืชื ืžื”ื• ืœืชืช ืœืชื•ื›ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืืกื™ืงื ื ื“ืฉืจื™ ื“ื’ืจืก ื”ืชื ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืจื™ ืœืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ืจื ื•ืื–ื™ืœ ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื” ื—ืžืจื ื•ืืค"ื” ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœืžื™ืœืชื™ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื”ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื• ืืœื ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื"ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื ืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืงืขืจื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืคืข ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืžื ื ืœื™ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืžื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ื"ืž (ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’) ื“ืฉื™ื›ืจื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื™ื” ืœื˜ืขืžื ื“ื—ืžืจื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื™ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื›ืจื ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื”"ื ื“ืฃ ืงื "ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื“ืชื ื™ื ืงื ืงื ื™ื ื›ื•' ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ื“ื•ืงื ื“ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืข ืืคื™' ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื"ื› ื”ื“ืจื ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื•ื›ืชื ืžื ื ืœื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜. ื•ื”ืจื"ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืœื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื"ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ื”ืงื ืงื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชื”"ื ื“ืฃ ืงืž"ื˜ ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืื•ืกืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื"ืž ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื ืืœื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ืžื•ืชืจื™' ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ื•ืชื™ืจืฅ ืœื• ื”ืจ"ื™ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืงืฆืช ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจืคืช ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืขืœืžื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ืกื’ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืžื”ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื ืฉื ืคืœ ืœืงื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื ืคืœ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืื• ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืœื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•' ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืœื“ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื™ืคืœื™ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืคื•ืœื˜ ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืคื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื™ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžื ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืคื™' ืชืืžืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื ื ืืกืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืืœื ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืจื™ ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชื”ื ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื” ืงืœื™ืคื” ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืœื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื™' ืงื›"ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ืืคื™' ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ืืกื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื˜ื• ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืžื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืื˜ื• ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืขื›"ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžืžื™ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื›ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื—ื•ื“ ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืกื’ื™ ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืงืœื™ืคื” ื•ืืžืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื ื”ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ืกืชืจื™ ืื”ื“ื“ื™ ื“ืื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื”ื ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื”ื ื“ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื•ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืข"ื“ ืœืชืจืฅ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื‘"ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงื›"ื‘ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืœื ืฉืจื™ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืงื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื• ื›ื•' ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื• ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืจืฅ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘"ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื”ื™ืืš ื“ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืข"ื› ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื“ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช: ื”ืื—ื“ ืœืžื” ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืชืช ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืงื ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืชืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืืœื ื“ืงืฉื” ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ืคื•ื’ืžื• ืืชื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืชื™ืจืฅ ื“ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื” ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืข"ื› ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื ื• ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ื ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื“ืคื•ื’ื ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื“ืคื•ื’ื ื•ืข"ื› ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืืœื ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื“ืคื•ื’ื ื•ืข"ื› ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื”ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืžื™ื ืืœื ื“ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื ื™ ืืคื™' ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืืžืจืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืืœื ื“ืืชื” ื‘ื ืœืชืจืฅ ื’ื ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ื "ืž ืœืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื ืžื”ื ื™ ืกื‘ืจื ื–ืืช ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื“ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื™ื™ืจื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื•ื’ื ืžื ื ืœืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืœืžื ื”ืชื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ื“ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืืข"ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืงืฉื” ืžื ื ืœืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื— ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื) ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื›ื–ืืช ื•ืžื ื ืœืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ืžืฆื ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื”ืชื™' ืฉืœ ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืคื•ื’ื ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื” ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืงืœื™ืคื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ืงืœื™ืคื” ืขื›"ืค ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืขื˜ ื“ื”ื ืฉื ืงืื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ืชืจืื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืžื•ืชื ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ื ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืก"ืœ ื›ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื›ื“ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื”"ื” ื“ืฃ ืงืž"ื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืคื” ืžืชืจืช ืืœื ืฉืชื”"ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืคื’ื ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ืจ ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืื“ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ื ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ื ื“ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื’ื ื•ืฉืœื ืชืงืฉื” ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื”. ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืงื™"ืœ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื’ื ื›ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื"ื” ื‘ื‘"ื” ื•ื›"ืค ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ.

(ื) ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•'. ื‘ื“"ืž ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืžื ื• ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื” ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื—ืœืง ื›ืŸ ืžืž"ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืื ื ืชื—ืชืš ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืจื• ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื”ื›ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืง"ืœ ืœืจืž"ื ื”ื ืงื™"ืœ ื ืชืจืกืงื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื” ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉ"ืœ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืืฃ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ืกื™' ืง"ื ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื ืชืจืกืง ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืฉืจืฅ ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื‘ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื›ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืžื ื‘ืœืข ืฉืจืฅ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืก"ื˜ ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื– ื“ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื ื—ืชืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืขื‘ ื•ื"ื ืœื‘ืจืจื• ืžื—ืžืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื• ืื‘ืœ ืž"ืž ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ื–ื” ืœื›"ืข ืืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื—ืœืง ื›ืŸ ืžื›ื— ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ื•ืื ื ื™ืžื•ื— ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง"ื˜ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื ื• ืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืก' ื•ืืคื™' ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ืœืค"ื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื“ืฉืจืฅ ื›ื•' ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ืœ ื”ืืœื•.) ื•ืืฉืชื•ืžื ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ื›ื” ื“ืž"ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืื ื ืชื—ืชืš ื›ื•' ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื (ื“ืฃ ืก"ื˜) ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื ืฉื ืคืœ ืœื’ื• ื—ืœื ืžืื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืœืœ ืœืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ื”ื•ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื•ืืกืจ ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื"ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื ืื™ืžืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ ืืžืจื˜ื˜ ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉืจืฅ ืื™ืกื•ืจื• ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื›ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืžื ื‘ื•ืœืข ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืฉืจืฅ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืงืคื™ื“ ื“ื•ืงื ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื•ื–ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื“ื”ื ืขื›"ืค ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ืฉื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื ื• ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื–ื™ืช ื“ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืฉ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืฉ ื›ื•' ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ื•ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจืฅ ื›ื•' ืฉ"ืž ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื“ืฉื”. ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืฉืžืงืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืŸ ื“ืœืžื” ืœื™ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื”ื ืืฃ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื•ืคื™' ืฉื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื•ื‘ืช"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš (ื“ืฃ ืง"ื™ ืข"ื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื›"ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื ืงื˜ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจืฅ ืืœื ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื“ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืคื™' ืžืœืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ืœ ื•ืจืž"ื ื“ืฉืจืฅ ืฉืื ื™ ื•ืž"ืฉ ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“"ืž ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื ืคืœืืชื™ ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืคื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง' ื‘ื ืžืœื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื– ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง"ื ื“ืื ื ืชืจืกืง ืžืžื ื” ืงืฆืช ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™' ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง"ื ืง"ื• ื›ืืŸ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื ื—ืชืš ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืื•"ื” ื›ืœืœ ื›"ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘' ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื“ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื•ืฉืจืฅ ืžืจื•ืกืง ื›ื•' ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืงื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื“ื›ืืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžืช ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืกื™' ืงื˜"ื• ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื–"ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืžืื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื•ื ืืœื ืฉื"ื ืœื‘ืจืจื• ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœ ืขื›"ืœ ื•ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื‘ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื ื‘ืฉืจืฅ ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื• ื›ืœืœ ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืกื™' ื–ื” ืืœื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื— ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืืœื ืฉืคืจื˜ ื“ื™ื ื™ื• ืื ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืž"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ื—ืชืš ื“ื”ื›ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื• ืžื˜ืขื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ืืœื ื“ื™ืœืžื ื‘ืœืข ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื•ืœื–ื” ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืž"ืฉ ื“ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืขื“ืฉื” ื•ืคื™' ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืš ื“ืื ื ื™ืžื•ื— ื”ืฉืจืฅ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžืžืฉื• ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื”ื•ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉืฉื™ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืœื— ื‘ืœื— ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืชื—ืชืš ื•ืœื ื ื™ืžื•ื— ื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืœื— ื‘ืœื— ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืืŸ ื“ื ื™ื›ืจ ืืœื ื“ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจื• ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืฉื™ื ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ืืœื ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื— ื•ื ื™ืžื•ื— ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืืŸ ื“ืฉื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ื ืขืงืจ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ืฉืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืœื— ื‘ืœื— ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืคื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื ื™ื‘ืœืข ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืข"ื› ืืกืจื• ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื“ืืžืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ ืืžืจื˜ื˜ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฅ ืœืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื ื ืชืขืจื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจื• ื›ืŸ ื ืœืข"ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’"ื” ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ืœืคืข"ื“ ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžืื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื—ืžืื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืกื™' ืงื˜"ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืื• ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื“ื”ื ื’ื ืฉื ื‘ืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ืžืื” ืžื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื” ืœื— ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉื•) ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžื™ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ื•ื”ื•ื” ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื— ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉ ื ื”ืคืš ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื’ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืืœื ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื—ืžืื” ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืงืฆืช ืžื”ืงื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื•ืจืงื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื• ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ืžืื” ืข"ื› ืžื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืฉืžื ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•:

(ื) ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉืจื” ืขื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื•'. ื‘ืื•"ื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘' ื›' ื“ืื ื ืฉืชื”ื” ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืจื™ื™ืชื• ืžืข"ืœ ื•ื“ืื™ ืืฃ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืก' ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืื• ื—ืจืก ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืืคื™' ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื™"ื  ื“ืฉืจื™ ื‘ืกืž"ืง ืœืฉื•ื ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืก' ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื ืืกืจ ืข"ื™ ืจื•ืชื—ื™ืŸ ืืš ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช ื“ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื‘' ืžืข"ืœ ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื›"ื› ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœ' ื•ื–"ืœ ื“ืžืื—ืจ ื“ืืžืจื™' ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื‘ืœืข ื”ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืื—ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘"ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืข"ืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื™ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘"ื™ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืข"ืœ ื“ืื– ื ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื›ืœื™ ื›ื— ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ื›ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืŸ (ื•ืฉื›ืจ) ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื– ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืค' ื"ืž ื•ืžื–ื” ืชืžื” ืื ื™ ื’"ื› ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื“ืฉืจื™ ื‘ืกืž"ืง ืœืชืช ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืกืž"ืง ื“ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืค' ื"ืž ื“ืจ"ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœื™ื” ืœืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ืจื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื ืคื’ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืกื™' ืฆ"ื˜ ืก"ื– ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืžื ืชื™ื ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“"ืž ืกื™' ืก"ื˜ ื•ื–"ืœ ืžื“ื›ืชื‘ ืื•"ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืฉืจื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืข"ืœ ื“ื ืืกืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื“ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืข"ืœ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืื™ ืฉื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืข"ืœ ื ืืกืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื‘ื™' ื›ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื•ืื ืฉืจื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืข"ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ื ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืข"ืœ ืขื›"ืœ ื•ืชืžื”ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื“ื”ื ืืžืจื™' ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ื‘ื• ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืคื’ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ืงืืžืจ ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื“ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืื•"ื” ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืงื ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืื•"ื” ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืฉื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืื ื ืืกืจ ืข"ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืžืข"ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ื“ื”ื ื›' ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื”"ื” ื”ื‘ืืชื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆ"ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–' ื“ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืืกืจื” ืข"ื™ ื‘ืœืข ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืข"ื› ืกื’ื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื” ืฉ"ืž ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื™"ื  ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ืื•"ื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ืขื›"ืค ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื“ื"ื› ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคื’ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื“ืื—ืจ ืžืข"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืื•ืกืจ ืืคื™' ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื“ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ื•ืœืžื” ื™ืืกืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ืข"ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื—"ื› ื“ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืข"ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื "ื˜ ืœืคื’ื ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืจื” ืื• ื ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืฉืจื” ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืข"ืœ ืืœื ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ) ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ื’ื ืž"ืฉ ืื•"ื” ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ื•ื—ืจืก ืœืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื” ื“ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื“ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™' ืงื›"ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฅ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ืืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืข"ื™ ืฉื ืฉืจื” ื‘ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืข"ืœ ื›ื ืœืข"ื“:

(ื’) ืืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืืกื•ืจ. ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ืœ ื "ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงืืžืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืฆืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•"ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืขื›"ืœ. ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื•ืœื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืจื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืื˜ื• ื—ืžืจื ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžืžื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื ื˜ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ืœ ื”ืœืœื• ืœืคืจืฉื ืฉืžืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืชื‘ืจ:

(ื“) ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืก' ืœื‘ื˜ืœื•. ืชืžื”ืชื™ ืœืžื” ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืก' ื”ื ืงื™"ืœ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื“ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”' ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ื”"ื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืฉืงื™ื ื“ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ื“"ืž ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืก' ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ืจืื™ื™ื” ื“ื”ื•ื ืก"ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ื™"ืž ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™' ืงืœ"ื“ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืก' ืื‘ืœ ืื ืŸ ืœื ืงื™"ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืฉืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืข"ื“:

(ื›ื˜) ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”.) ื–ื”ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ื’ื•ืคื• ืœืžื’ืข ืข"ื™ ื“"ื ื“ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”' ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ืจ"ื ืื•ืžืจ ื“ืžื’ืข ืข"ื™ ื“"ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื ืžื’ืข ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืฉื ื›ื— ื•ืข"ื› ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ื— ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื ืฉื”ืจ"ืŸ ื›' ื“ืขื” ื’' ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ืกื‘ืจื™ ื›ืจ"ืช ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื“"ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืชื™ื” ืืœื ื“ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืฉื ื›ื— ืืœื ื—ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืžื’ืข ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ืฉืคื™ืจ ืžืงืฉื” ื‘ืค' ืจ"ื™ ื•ื”ื ืงื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื ื˜ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื›"ืค ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ืข ื–ื” ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืœืจ"ืช ื“ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื ื›ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืคืจื™ืš ื•ื”ื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื˜ืœื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘"ื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื ืœื™ื” ืœืจ"ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ืจ"ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืฉื ื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื"ืฆ ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจ"ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื ื˜ืœื ืืœื ืจ"ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ:

(ื) ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•'. ื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื›"ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื“ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื›ื•ื‘ื ืืกื•ืจ ื“ื›ื™ ืืชื ื—ืžืจื ืืชื™ ืžื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืœื™ื” ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื“ื ื ื•ืžืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืฆื™ื“ื”ื• ื•ืžืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ื•' ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื’"ื› ืืœืžื ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืงื” ื›ื•' ื•ืชืžื•ื” ืœื™ ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืกื™' ืงื›"ื’ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืจืž"ื ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ืŸ ืืข"ื’ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืข ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ื—ื• ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ืž' ืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืค' ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“ืฃ ืก') ื‘ื›ื—ื• ื›"ืข ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืžืž"ืฉ ื‘ืกื™' ืงื›"ื“ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™"ื“ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ื‘ื“"ืž ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื•ื™"ืœ ืฉืžื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื› ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื“ืื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ืืœื ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืžื” ืœื ื• ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื”ื ืขื›"ืค ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ื“ื”ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื ืžื›ื—ื•. ื•ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื—ื• ืืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื›ืืœื• ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืข"ื™ ื“"ื ื•ืœื ื“ืง ื“ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ื›' ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉ"ืข ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื—ื• ื‘ืื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืžื’ืข ืข"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืงืจื™ ื›ื— ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ืกื™' ืงื›"ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืค' ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“ืฃ ืก') ื–"ืœ ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ืฉืžื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื“ ื' ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•' ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื”ื’ื”ืช ืืฉืจ"ื™ ืžื™ื”ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื•' ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื” ืžื›ืœื™ ืืœ ื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ืค ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื ืขื ืข ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืœื— ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ืžืฉื•ื ืกื™ืคื™' ื ืงื˜ื™ื” ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื›ืฉืš ื•ืœื ื ื’ืข ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืข"ื› ื ืงื˜ ื’ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉ' ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื“ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื›ืฉื•ืš ื•ืข"ื› ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื“ืื ื”ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืื•ืกืจืช ืœืžื” (ืœื) ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืคื ื“ืื ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืข"ื’ ื“ื ื™ืฆื•ืง ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืชื ื˜ืคื™ ืžืž"ืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื ื•ืœื ืฉื›ืฉืš ื•ืœื ื ื’ืข ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื ื™ืฆืง ื•ื–ื” ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืž"ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™"ื‘ ืžื”ืœ' ืž"ื ื•ื–"ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื• ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ืข"ืž ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื—ื• ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืง ืœื›ืœื™ ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืขื›"ืœ ืฉ"ืž ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ืœืง"ืž ื“ืœืจื‘ื•ืชื ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ ืืคื™' ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืง ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘"ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืจืื™ื” ืฉื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืฉืฉืื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘"ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื ื“ื ืงื˜ ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืขืจื” ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืื•ืจื—ื ื“ืžืœืชื ื ืงื˜ ื“ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื” ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื–ื›ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืง' ืื’ื‘ ืจื™ื”ื˜ื ืœื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืจ"ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ืจืงืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืืœื ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื—ื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืกืš ื’ืžื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืงื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื ืกืš ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืชื™ืจืฅ ื“ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื—ื• ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ื—ื• ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื—ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ืœืš ืœืš ืืžืจื™' ื ื–ื™ืจื ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ืจ"ื™ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“ืฃ ืก') ื•ื"ื› ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ ื“ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ื›ื™ ืื ืŸ ืืกืจื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื•ื”ื ืœื ืืกืจื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื—ื• ื•ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ืš ืข"ื› ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื‘"ื™ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉ"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœื ื˜ืจื— ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืœื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื“ืž"ืž ื›ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืขื "ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ:

(ื–) ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื›ื•'. ื "ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื ืฉื ืžืขืœ"ืข ืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื’ื ืื•ืชื ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื•ื›ืชื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœ"ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’' ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืข"ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ื‘ืื•"ื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘' ื“ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื“ืฉืจื™ ื‘ืกืž"ืง ืœืชืช ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื›ื•' ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื•ื”ื” ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื—"ื› ืืคื™' ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœ"ืข ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง"ื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ื' ื‘ืฉื ื“"ืž ื“ืื ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื• ื™ื™"ื  ืžืข"ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืžืข"ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืงืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื™"ื  ืžืžืฉ ื•ืื•"ื” ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืกืชื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ืืœ"ื› ืงืฉื” ื”ื ื”ื“"ืž ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•"ื” ื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื™"ื  ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ื•ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ืกื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืกืชื ื™ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื•ืฉื‘ื— ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืชื• ื“ืื™ืš ืชืืžืจ ืฉืื ื ืฉืชื”ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ื ืžื™ ื™ื”ื ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ืœืขื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืืœื ืข"ื› ื“ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืฉืจื™ ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ืื•ืกืจ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืข"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืง"ื” ืžื” ืฉื "ืœ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื:

(ื“) ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื•'. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืžืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ืจื— ืžื•"ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื™' ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ื™ ื•ืื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืขืกืง ื‘ื–ื” ืืฃ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคื™' ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืž"ืž ื ืจืื” ืœืคื™ ืข"ื“ ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื”ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—"ืœ ื”ื•ื ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื“ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืค"ืง ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื—) ื“ืช"ืง ื“ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ืก"ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื—"ืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ืจ"ื ืก"ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›"ืž ื“ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›' ื‘ื›"ืž ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ื•ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืจ"ืข ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื’"ื› ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืจ"ื™ ืก"ืœ ื›ืช"ืง ื•ืจ"ืข ื›ืจ"ื ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืจ"ืข ืก"ืœ ื›ืจ"ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜"ืก ื“ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™ ืžืืŸ ืชื ื ื“ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ื™ื) ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื•ืจ"ืข ืก"ืœ ื›ืจ"ื ื•ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ืืช ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜"ืก ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื“ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื ืื™ืคืกืงื ื”ืœื›ืชื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืชื ื ืงืžื ื“ืจ"ื ื“ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ืืœื ื“ืคืกืงื• ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืจ"ื ืžื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืขืจืœื” ืกืชื ืžืชื ื™' ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืžืกื›ืช ืขืจืœื” ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื"ื› ื”"ืœ ืกืชื ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืกืชื ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืงืžื (ื“ืฃ ืง"ื‘) ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืชื ื ืงืžื ื“ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืืœื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ื ืฉื ื” ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืคืกืงื• ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื›ืกืชืžื ื“ืขืจืœื” ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื“ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื ืงืžื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ืื™ืคืกืงื ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื›ืจ"ื. ื•ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื–ื” ืžืค"ืง ื“ื ื“ื” (ื“' ื˜') ืช"ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื” ืฉืขืชื” ื“ื ื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืžืื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืœื™ืžื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ"ื ืืœื ื›ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืืœื ื“ืœื ืืชืžืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื ืœื ื›ืžืจ ื•ืœื ื›ืžืจ ื•ืžืื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื“ืœืื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื” ืืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืืžืจ ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืจ"ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื•ืงื” ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ืืชื™ ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื•ื“ื—ื™ ืœืžืœืชื ื“ืจื‘ื™ื ื›"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืช"ืง ื“ืจ"ื ื›ืž"ืฉ ืืœื ืฉื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืœืคืกื•ืง ื›ืจ"ื ื•ืข"ื› ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื [ืช"ืง ืฉืœ] ืจ"ื ื“ื”ื›ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ืค"ืง ื“ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื“' ื™"ื˜) ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืจ"ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืืข"ืค ื“ืช"ืง ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืชื ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื• ืœืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื—ืง ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืงืจื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืคืกื— ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืชื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื•ืžื•"ื— ื–"ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืฆื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืจืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื›"ืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ื‘"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ื”"ื’ ื•ืฉืžื ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืช"ืง ื“ืจ"ื ืขื›"ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืœืข"ื“:

(ื™) ื•ืื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื“ืืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื:

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืืœื ื“ืž"ืž ืื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืžืฉ"ื” ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืืคื™' ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ื "ืœ:

But, in a place in which wine is common, then one should certainly bless upon wine, even on Shabbat day. However, if the wine is expensive, such as in our lands, one need not strive to beautify this mitzvah with wine, since there is no absolute obligation, such as there is an obligation at night and this is sufficient. And because of this, even the greatest [rabbis] are not accustomed to bless upon wine during the daytime in our lands. But one who blesses also during the day upon wine, that is quite certainly performing kiddush in the choicest fashion, which is how it seems to me.