(7) Keep far from a false matter; do not bring death on those who are innocent and in the right, for I will not acquit the wrongdoer.
From where is it derived with regard to three who are seeking repayment from one individual for a total of one hundred dinars, that one of the three should not assume the role of a sole litigant and claim one hundred dinars, and the other two will assume the role of witnesses so that they will exact payment of one hundred dinars from the debtor and divide it among them? It is derived as the verse states: “Keep far from a false matter.”
§ The Sages taught: How does one dance before the bride, i.e., what does one recite while dancing at her wedding? Beit Shammai say: One recites praise of the bride as she is, emphasizing her good qualities. And Beit Hillel say: One recites: A fair and attractive bride. Beit Shammai said to Beit Hillel: In a case where the bride was lame or blind, does one say with regard to her: A fair and attractive bride? But the Torah states: “Keep far from a false matter” (Exodus 23:7). Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: According to your statement, with regard to one who acquired an inferior acquisition from the market, should another praise it and enhance its value in his eyes or condemn it and diminish its value in his eyes? You must say that he should praise it and enhance its value in his eyes and refrain from causing him anguish. From here the Sages said: A person’s disposition should always be empathetic with mankind, and treat everyone courteously. In this case too, once the groom has married his bride, one praises her as being fair and attractive.
(מא) עוד כתוב שם: דאם הבן יודע שאביו ואמו מצטערים על מה שהוא מתענה – לא יתענה בתענית שאינו חובה. ואב שהיה חולה, וצוו הרופאים שלא יאכל מאכל זה ולא ישתה משקה זו, והאב מבקש מבנו ליתן לו זה – אין לו ליתן לו. ואפילו אומר לו "לא אמחול לך אם לא תתן לי" – לא ישגיח בו; כיון דהרופאים הזהירוהו בזה – אי אפשר ליתן לו (שם סימן רל"ד). ואם האם צותה לבנה איזה דבר, ושאל האב לבנו "מה אמרה לך?" והבן יודע לכשיגיד לו האמת יכעוס עליה – לא יגיד לו מה שצותה. ומותר לשנות מפני השלום (שם סימן של"ו).
If a mother commanded something of her son, and the father asked the son, “What did she say to you?”, and the son knows that telling him the truth will make him angry at her – he should not tell him what she commanded. It is permitted to depart from the truth in a matter that will bring peace.
