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Prohibitions of Festival Days
Laws of the Calendar
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A
You shall celebrate a sacred occasion on the first day, and a sacred occasion on the seventh day; no work at all shall be done on them; only what every person is to eat, that alone may be prepared for you.
Exodus 12:16
Bathing and anointing oneself are considered in the general category of eating and drinking. They are permitted on a holiday [as indicated by Exodus 12:16]: "Only that [labor] from which all souls will eat [may you perform]" - i.e., all the needs of the body [are permitted].
Therefore, one may heat water on a holiday and wash his hands and feet. It is, however, forbidden to wash one's entire body. This is a decree, [instituted to prevent the use of] bathhouses.
When water was heated before the commencement of a holiday, one may wash one's entire body with it on the holiday…
Mishneh Torah, Rest on a Holiday 1:16
MISHNA:
With regard to
an egg that was laid on a Festival
(
Eduyyot
4:1),
Beit Shammai say: It may be eaten
even on that day,
and Beit Hillel say: It may not be eaten,
as the Gemara will explain at length. Apropos this exceptional case, in which Beit Shammai are lenient and Beit Hillel are strict, the mishna cites additional
halakhot
of the Festivals in which this unusual phenomenon occurs (
Yoma
79b).
Beit Shammai say: Leaven,
i.e.…
Beitzah 2a:1-2b:10
The Gemara elaborates.
What is the reason
for the opinion
of the first
tanna
?
It is as the
verse states:
“Except that which every person must eat, only that may be done for you” (Exodus 12:16).
“That”
is permitted,
and not
actions that
facilitate
it.
And Rabbi Yehuda says: “For you”
means
for you, for all your needs.
The Gemara asks:
And
for
the other,
first,
tanna
too, isn’t it written: “For you”?
The Gemara answers: He infers:
For you, and not for gentiles; for you, and not for dogs…
Megillah 7b:13-15
And so [too,] that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Beitzah 12a) that included in the dispensation of the needs of food for the soul is not specifically food and drink only. Rather, even every thing that a person needs on the day: [Something] which is a matter of a commandment, such as to circumcise an infant, and a lulav to fulfill [the commandment] with it, and a Torah scroll to read from it — as each and every day is the time for Torah; or whether it is not a matter of a commandment but a need of the body on that day…
Sefer HaChinukh 298:5-6
It was stated: One does neither select, nor grind, nor sift. He who selects, or grinds, or sifts, on the Sabbath is stoned. On a holiday he absorbs the 40. But did we not state: “he selects normally, on his chest, or from a pot”? Rebbi Ḥanina from Antonia said, this is Rabban Gamliel’s, for “Rabban Gamliel says, also he puts them in water and scoops off.” And (did we not state) [was it not stated], in the household of Rabban Gamliel they were grinding pepper in their mills? It is permitted to grind but forbidden to select…
Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 7:2:36-37
§
They raised a dilemma before Rav Huna:
With regard to
the
Jewish
residents of a village [
baga
] upon whom
the authorities
imposed
the obligation to supply
flour
and bread
to the
gentile
military troops
serving in the area,
what is
the
halakha
with regard to
baking it on a Festival?
Rav Huna
said to
them:
We examine
the matter:
If
those villagers can
give bread
from the soldiers’ quota
to a child and
the soldiers
are not particular
about it…
Beitzah 21a:11-21b:2
NO MANNER OF WORK SHALL BE DONE IN THEM. Rashi commented: “Even by the agency of others.”
I do not understand this. If these “others” are Israelites, they themselves are commanded not to work on the Festival, and I am not bound to ensure that my work is not done through them. It is only where one deceives another in a matter which is prohibited — whether it be in the deceiver’s work or in that of the deceived that the deceiver transgresses the prohibition,
Before the blind do not put a stumbling-block
…
Ramban on Exodus 12:16:1
MISHNA:
The bones
of the Paschal lamb that contain edible marrow but cannot be eaten because it is prohibited to break the bones of the Paschal lamb;
and the sinews; and the leftover
meat
should
all
be burned on the sixteenth
of Nisan, immediately after the first day of the Festival. If
the sixteenth occurs on Shabbat, they should be burned on the seventeenth, because
the mitzva to burn
them does not override Shabbat or the Festival.
Therefore, they are burned on the first weekday…
Pesachim 83a:4-84a:2
MISHNA:
With regard to
a Festival that occurs
on
Shabbat eve, one may not cook on the Festival with the initial
intent to cook
for Shabbat. However, he may cook
on that day
for the Festival
itself,
and if he left over
any food,
he left
it
over for Shabbat.
The early Sages also instituted an ordinance: The joining of cooked foods [
eiruv tavshilin
], which the mishna explains.
One may prepare a cooked dish
designated for Shabbat
on a Festival eve and rely on it
to cook on the Festival
for Shabbat.
…
Beitzah 15b:1-2
With regard to a person who
died
on a Festival,
he sent them
in response: If a person
died
on a Festival,
neither Jews nor Arameans,
i.e., gentiles,
should attend to his
burial,
neither on the first day of a Festival, nor on the second day of a Festival
observed in the Diaspora. The Gemara asks:
Is that so? Didn’t Rabbi Yehuda bar Sheilat say
that
Rabbi Asi said: There was an incident in the synagogue
of the settlement of
Maon on a Festival adjacent to Shabbat.
A person died,…
Shabbat 139a:21-139b:2
“It may be made on a holiday.” The Mishnah is Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar’s, as it was stated: “One does not make [food] on a holiday for use after the holiday.” Also, it was stated: “A woman may fill a pot with meat even if one eats only one piece from it, a water pot with hot water even if one drinks only one cup from it. But baking, she should bake only what she needs.” For it is stated: “Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar says, a woman may fill the entire oven with bread because the bread turns out well if the oven is filled.”
Jerusalem Talmud Challah 1:5:7
MISHNA:
Rabbi Yosei ben HaMeshullam says:
Since it is prohibited by Torah law to shear a firstborn, as it states: “And you shall not shear the firstborn of your flock” (Deuteronomy 15:19),
one who is slaughtering a firstborn,
and must clear hair or wool from the area of the neck in order to facilitate proper slaughter,
clears space
by uprooting the hair
with a cleaver [
bekofitz
] from here and from there,
on either side of the neck, although he thereby
plucks
out
the hair…
Bekhorot 24b:5-6
MISHNA:
Beit Shammai say: One may not carry a ladder,
which was used for reaching doves,
from one dovecote to another. However,
one may move it slightly so that
he tilts it from one window to another
in the same dovecote.
And Beit Hillel permit
even carrying a ladder from one dovecote to another.
Beitzah 9a:4
“Nor with oil to be burned.” Rav Ḥisda said, this implies that it is forbidden to start a fire on a pyre of
sancta
so it should continuously burn on the Sabbath. But have we not stated: “One starts a fire at the fire place in the heating chamber, but outside the Temple only if the fire has started burning on most of the logs.” Rebbi Yose said, it is written about the Sabbath,
do not do any work
; it is done automatically. But here the Torah said that one does not burn sancta on a holiday, not to speak of the Sabbath…
Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 2:1:11
HALAKHAH:
Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He who cooks carcass meat on a holiday is not flogged, because the category of cooking is permitted on a holiday. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, he is flogged, for the category of cooking is permitted only for food. Rebbi Abba bar Mamal objected to this {statement} by Rebbi Joḥanan. Then one who ploughs on a holiday should not be flogged since actions of the category of ploughing are permitted on a holiday. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Ila: ordinary ploughing was not permitted…
Jerusalem Talmud Beitzah 1:3:2
The Sages taught
in a
baraita
:
One may not bake
bread
on
one
Festival day for the next,
i.e., on the first Festival day for the second Festival day kept in the Diaspora. Nevertheless,
actually, they said
the following established
halakha
:
A woman may fill an entire pot
with
meat
to cook on a Festival,
although she requires only one piece
for that day, and all the remainder will be for the following day. Similarly,
a baker may fill
an entire
barrel with water
in order to heat it up
although he requires only a…
Beitzah 17a:9-10
MISHNA:
How does one separate
ḥalla
in ritual impurity during the Festival
day of Passover? Ordinarily, one may separate ritually pure
ḥalla
from dough and give it to a priest immediately so that he may eat it. Ritually impure
ḥalla
is unfit for a priest and must be burned, yet it is prohibited to bake or burn anything that is not fit to be eaten during the Festival day. However, it is also prohibited to wait and burn it after the Festival day, since it will become leavened in the meantime…
Pesachim 46a:13-46b:7
HALAKHAH:
“An egg was laid on a holiday,” etc. What is the reason of the House of Shammai? It is prepared in its mother’s body. What is the reason of the House of Hillel? It is like
muqṣeh
which dried without him realizing it, and is
muqṣeh
which dried without him realizing it not forbidden? But was it not stated, “if one slaughters a chicken and found eggs inside it, even if they are complete they are permitted”? Rebbi Ḥananiah and Rebbi Mana. One said, its taste when eaten from its inside is not comparable to its taste when eaten from the outside…
Jerusalem Talmud Beitzah 1:1:2
MISHNA:
One may borrow jugs of wine and jugs of oil from another
on Shabbat,
as long as one does not say
the following
to him: Loan me. And similarly, a woman
may borrow
from another loaves
of bread on Shabbat.
And if
the lender
does not trust him
that he will return them, the borrower
may leave his cloak with him
as collateral
and make
the proper
calculation with him after Shabbat. And similarly,
on
the eve of Passover in Jerusalem, when
it
occurs on Shabbat…
Shabbat 148a:5-148b:2
Laws of the Calendar
דיני הלוח העברי
General Laws of Prohibited Work on Shabbat
Laws of Desecrating Shabbat for the Sake of Saving Lives
Rabbinical Shabbat Prohibitions
Laws of Shabbat Lights
Laws of Work Done on Shabbat
Main and Sub Categories of Work
Laws of Plowing on Shabbat
Laws of Planting on Shabbat
Laws of Reaping on Shabbat
Laws of Gathering on Shabbat
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