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Mincha
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MISHNA:
After having dealt with the limited and defined topic of the
halakhot
of carrying out on Shabbat, the mishna begins to deal with the
halakhot
of Shabbat chronologically, beginning with activities that one may not perform prior to the onset of Shabbat. With regard to one’s daily conduct, the mishna says:
A person may not sit before the barber adjacent to
the time of
minḥa
until he recites
the afternoon
prayer. And a person may not enter the bathhouse and may not
enter
to
work in
a tannery
[
burseki
]…
Shabbat 9b:1
And Rabbi Ḥelbo said
that
Rav Huna said: One must always be vigilant with regard to the afternoon prayer, as Elijah’s
prayer
was only answered in the afternoon prayer, as it is stated: “And it was at the time of the afternoon offering that Elijah the Prophet came near, and he said:
Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known on this day that You are God in Israel, and that I am Your servant, and that I have done all these things at Your word.
Answer me, Lord, answer me,
that this people will know that You, Lord, are God” (I Kings 18:36–37)…
Berakhot 6b:26
Isaac instituted the afternoon prayer, as it is stated: “And Isaac went out to converse [
lasuaḥ
] in the field toward evening”
(Genesis 24:63),
and conversation
means
nothing other than prayer, as it is stated: “A prayer of the afflicted when he is faint and pours out his complaint [
siḥo
] before the Lord”
(Psalms 102:1). Obviously, Isaac was the first to pray as evening approached, at the time of the afternoon prayer.
Jacob instituted the evening prayer, as it is stated: “And he encountered [
vayifga
] the place and he slept there
for the sun had…
Berakhot 26b:6-14
Once the time for
Minchah Gedolah
arrives, one should not enter a bathhouse, even [if only] to sweat, until he has prayed, lest he faint and neglect prayer.
He should not eat, even a snack, lest he continue eating and neglect prayer, nor [should he] judge [a court case], even if only to render a final judgment, lest the decision be questioned and the matter be drawn out and cause him to miss prayer.
Similarly, one should not sit in a barber's chair, even for a regular haircut, until he prays, lest the scissors break…
Mishneh Torah, Prayer and the Priestly Blessing 6:5
MISHNA:
This mishna determines the times beyond which the different prayers may not be recited. According to the Rabbis,
the morning prayer
may be recited
until noon. Rabbi Yehuda says:
It may be recited only
until four hours
after sunrise. According to the Rabbis,
the afternoon prayer
may be recited
until the evening. Rabbi Yehuda says:
It may be recited only
until the midpoint of the afternoon [
pelag haminḥa
],
i.e., the midpoint of the period that begins with the sacrifice of the daily afternoon offering and ends at nightfall…
Berakhot 26a:11
We therefore see that this "meal" was an עולה, total offering, unaccompanied by the customary meal offering, seeing there was no bread. When Isaac lay bound on the altar, he too was a total offfering unaccompanied by a meal offering, seeing that the offering was in response to a קטרוג, an accusation by Satan as we have explained. The lamb that substituted for Isaac was also not accompanied by a מנחה. I have found that the reason the afternoon prayer, מנחה, is called by that designation, (although the other prayers also represent offerings that were accompanied by a meal offering)…
Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Torah Shebikhtav, Vayera, Torah Ohr 29
Said R. Tanhum: ‘It is for this reason that Isaac instituted the Afternoon-prayer (
Minhah
), namely, to mitigate the then ruling Severity; whereas Abraham instituted Morning-prayer, corresponding to the attribute of Mercy.’ R. Isaac said: ‘This idea may be derived from the verse saying: “Woe unto us, for the day declineth, for the shadows of the evening are stretched out!” (Jer. 6, 4), “the day declineth” being an allusion to the attribute of Mercy, and “the shadows of the evening” signifying the attribute of Severity.’
Zohar, Shemot 51:387
but it has been explained thus. At the time of the Afternoon Prayer (
Minha
) Rigour prevails over the world. For it was Isaac who instituted Afternoon Prayer, and so supreme Force prevails then and the Left aspect is diffused. This continues until night bestirs itself.
Zohar, Nasso 1:2
(Lev. 17:1, 3:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses, ‘Speak to Aaron saying, “…. If any single person from the House of Israel slaughters.”’” The holy spirit proclaims (in Mal. 1:11), “From the rising of the sun to its setting, My name shall be great among the gentiles.” From the time that the sun rises until it sets, the praise of the Holy One, blessed be He, never ceases from its mouth, as stated (in Ps. 113:3), “From the rising of the sun to its setting, the name of the Lord is praised.” And you find it so when Joshua waged war with Gibeon. What is written there (in Josh…
Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 9:1
MISHNA:
On
the eve of Passover, adjacent to
minḥa
time,
a person
may
not eat until dark,
so that he will be able to eat
matza
that night with a hearty appetite.
Even the poorest of Jews
should
not eat
the meal on Passover night
until he reclines
on his left side, as free and wealthy people recline when they eat.
And
the distributors of charity should
not give
a poor person
less than four cups of wine
for the Festival meal of Passover night…
Pesachim 99b:1-2
The Gemara elaborates: Did
we learn
in the mishna that it is prohibited to eat
adjacent to
the time of
the greater
minḥa
,
and this is
because of the Paschal lamb, lest one come to be drawn after
the meal and spend a long time eating, as was typical for large meals,
and he will end up refraining from performing the Paschal lamb? Or perhaps we learned
this
halakha
in the mishna as pertaining to the time
adjacent to the lesser
minḥa
, and
the reason for the prohibition is
due to
matza
…
Pesachim 107a:14-107b:1
AND IT CAME TO PASS THAT AT MIDNIGHT THE LORD SMOTE ALL THE FIRSTBORN IN THE LAND OF EGYPT. R. Hiya and R. Jose were once journeying from Usha to Lydda, the former mounted on an ass. Said R. Jose: ‘Let us pause awhile and pray, for the time of the afternoon prayer is at hand and we have been taught particularly never to neglect this prayer. Why so? Because severity is then dominant, and therefore a man should pay special heed to this prayer.’ R. Hiya descended and they recited their prayers, after which they continued on their way.
Zohar, Bo 5:93
“Who presented his offering… [Naḥshon, son of Aminadav, of the tribe of Judah]” – that is what is written: “God is known in Judah…” (Psalms 76:2). This is what the verse said: “That which the wise tell…” (Job 15:18), this is Judah, who confessed and said: “She is more righteous than I” (Genesis 38:26), and did not withhold the truth [about his actions with Tamar] from Jacob and from Shem. Because he rescued Tamar and her twin sons from the inferno, as it is written [before he confessed]: “Judah said: Take her out and burn her” (Genesis 38:24)…
Bamidbar Rabbah 13:4
AND THE LORD SPAKE UNTO MOSES SAYING, SEND THEE MEN TO SPY OUT THE LAND OF CANAAN, ETC
. R. Hiya here cited the verse: “Hast thou caused the dayspring to know his place”, etc. (Job 38, 12).
Zohar, Sh'lach 1:1
Then follows the Song of Moses, which contains all praises, and whereby a man takes upon himself the yoke of the Holy Kingdom. Then at the end of the Service he places Her in
Hesed
at the end of the prayer proper, to be sanctified therewith. Then the same Psalm is repeated at
Minha
(Afternoon Prayer), when Vigour is in the ascendant and Rigour prevails alongside the south. Thus unification is effected all along between north and south; and whoever co-ordinates daily his prayers in this way is assuredly destined for the world to come.
Zohar, Bamidbar 6:58
In all his deeds it behoves a man to imitate the celestial model, and to realize that according to the nature of a deed below there is a responsive stirring on high.’ R. Phineas, having heard this discourse, kissed R. Eleazar. He wept and laughed, saying: ‘Happy is my portion in this world and in the world to come.’
Zohar, Bamidbar 3:38
This capital is indeed the Tree of Life belonging to the other world, the fruit of which alone has any place or room in this world. The good man thus enjoys its fruit in this world whilst the capital remains for him for the other world, where he obtains the superior celestial life.
Zohar, Beha'alotcha 25:143
In the Minchah service, the leader of the congregation recites
Ashrei yoshvei veitecha...
,
Tehillah l'David...
. He and the congregation recite this while seated. [Then,] the leader of the congregation stands and recites
Kaddish
. They stand and respond in their normal manner. [Afterwards,] they all pray in a hushed tone.
Afterwards, the leader of the congregation prays out loud, as in the morning service, until he concludes the
Shemoneh Esreh
. Then, both he and the congregation fall on their faces, recite supplicatory prayers, lift their heads…
Mishneh Torah, Prayer and the Priestly Blessing 9:8
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