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Lighting
Sources
A
one is not bound
to attend
to it.
Therefore, there is no reason to make certain from the outset to light it with materials that burn well, as even if it is extinguished, he is not required to relight it. However, he also holds that
it is permitted to use its light.
As a result, he must ensure that the wick burns well on Shabbat; if not, he is liable to come to adjust the flame in order to use its light. The third opinion is that which
Rabbi Zeira said
that
Rav Mattana said…
Shabbat 21b:1
MISHNA:
There are
three things a person must say in his home on Shabbat eve at nightfall
and not before. The mishna elaborates: He should ask the members of his household,
have you tithed
the crop that required tithing?
Have you placed the
eiruv
for joining the courtyards and joining the Shabbat borders? If you have done so,
light the lamp
in honor of Shabbat. The Sages stated a principle: If the time arrives on Friday when there is
uncertainty
whether it is
nightfall
and
uncertainty
whether it is
not
yet…
Shabbat 34a:3
Another matter, “a flourishing olive tree,” see how words of Torah illuminate for a person when he engages in them, but anyone who does not engage and does not know, stumbles. This is analogous to one who is standing in the darkness; if he attempts to walk, he encounters a stone and stumbles over it, or he encounters a sewage pit, falls in, and bangs his face on the ground. Why? Because he does not have a lamp in his hand. So too, a layman who does not have words of Torah which him encounters a transgression, stumbles, and dies…
Shemot Rabbah 36:3
Another matter, “one who slaughters a thanks offering honors Me [
yekhabedaneni
]” (Psalms 50:23). Rabbi Huna in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: It is not written here
yekhabedeni
, but rather,
yekhabedaneni
, honor upon honor. Alternatively, “one who slaughters a thanks offering honors Me [
yekhabedaneni
]” – Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana: It is not written here honored Me [
kebedani
], but rather, honors Me [
yekhabedaneni
]; he honored Me in this world, he will honor Me in the World to Come…
Vayikra Rabbah 9:2
(Numb. 8:1–2:) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses saying, ‘Speak unto Aaron and say unto him, “When you set up the lamps.”’” Let our master instruct us: Is it permissible to light the Sabbath [lamp] with oil for burning on a festival? Thus have our masters taught (in
Shab.
2:2): One may not light with oil for burning on a festival. R. Ishmael says, “One may not light [it] with tar out of respect for the Sabbath.” But the sages permit all kinds of oil: Sesame oil, nut oil, radish oil, fish oil, colocynth oil, tar, or mineral oil. R…
Midrash Tanchuma, Beha'alotcha 1:1
Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: Why
are
these three maidservants [
amatot
]
cited in the verse? They are cited to teach that
Hannah said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, You have created three crucibles
potentially leading to
death in a woman,
where she is particularly vulnerable. Alternatively,
some say:
Master of the Universe, You have created
three accelerants of death
in a woman.
They are
mitzvot that, as a rule, pertain to women: Observing the
halakhot
of
a menstruating woman…
Berakhot 31b:15
(Numb. 8:2:) “When you set up the lamps.” This text is related (to Ps. 18:29), “For You light up my lamp.” Israel said to the Holy One, blessed be He, “Master of the world, are You saying that we should give light before You? [But] You are the light of the world and the light [dwells] with You, as it is written (in Dan. 2:22), ‘He reveals the deep and secret things, He knows what is in the darkness, and the light dwells within Him.’ And [now] You are saying (in Numb. 8:2 cont.), ‘let the seven lamps give their light in front of the menorah.’” Ergo (in Ps. 18:29, “For You light up my lamp…
Midrash Tanchuma, Beha'alotcha 4:1
The Gemara relates that
one
Shabbat
evening,
Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa
saw that his daughter was sad. He said to her: My daughter, why are you sad? She said to him: I confused a vessel of vinegar for a vessel of oil and I lit
the
Shabbat lamp with
vinegar. Soon the lamp will be extinguished and we will be left in the dark.
He said to her: My daughter, what are you concerned
about?
He Who said to the oil
that it should
burn can say to the vinegar
that it should
burn…
Taanit 25a:5
Since bathing as preparation for enjoyment of Shabbat was discussed, the Gemara cites the homiletic interpretation of the verse describing those heading into exile:
“And my soul is removed far off from peace, I forgot prosperity”
(Lamentations 3:17).
What
is:
And my soul is removed far off from peace? Rabbi Abbahu said: That is
the lack of opportunity to engage in
kindling the Shabbat lights,
which a refugee is unable to do.
I forgot prosperity, Rabbi Yirmeya said: That is
the lack of opportunity to bathe in
the bathhouse…
Shabbat 25b:5
§
The Sages taught:
During all
forty years that Shimon HaTzaddik served
as High Priest,
the lot
for God arose in
the right
hand.
From then onward, sometimes it arose in the right
hand and
sometimes it arose in the left
hand. Furthermore, during his tenure as High Priest,
the strip of crimson
wool that was tied to the head of the goat that was sent to Azazel
turned white,
indicating that the sins of the people had been forgiven, as it is written: “Though your sins be as crimson, they shall be white as snow” (Isaiah 1:18)…
Yoma 39a:15-16
This mishna cites a list of fuels and wicks that one may not use in kindling the Shabbat lights, either because their use might induce one to perform a prohibited labor on Shabbat or because they are not in keeping with the deference due Shabbat. The mishna begins by listing the materials that one may not use as wicks. That is followed by a list of the substances that one may not use as fuel.
MISHNA:
With what may one light
the Shabbat lamp,
and with what may one not light
it? With regard to types of prohibited wicks…
Shabbat 20b:5-21a:2
Rav Ḥisda said
that
Mar Ukva said: One who prays on Shabbat evening and recites
vaykhullu
, the two ministering angels who accompany the person
at all times
place their hands on his head and say to him: “And your iniquity has passed, and your sin has been atoned”
(Isaiah 6:7).
It was taught
in a
baraita
:
Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda says: Two ministering angels accompany a person on Shabbat evening from the synagogue to his home, one good
angel
and one evil
angel…
Shabbat 119b:3
Rabba bar bar Ḥana said: Why are matters of Torah compared to fire, as it is stated: “Is not My word like fire, says the Lord”
(Jeremiah 23:29)?
To tell you: Just as fire does not ignite
in
a lone
stick of wood but in a pile of kindling,
so too, matters of Torah are not retained
and understood properly by
a lone
scholar who studies by himself, but by a group of Sages.
And this is what Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: What is
the meaning of that
which is written: “A sword is upon the boasters [
habaddim
]…
Taanit 7a:9-12
MISHNA:
This mishna concludes the aggadic treatment of the topic of kindling the Shabbat lights.
For three transgressions women
are punished and
die during childbirth: For
the fact
that they are not careful in
observing the laws of
a menstruating woman,
and
in
separating
ḥalla
from the dough,
and in lighting
the Shabbat
lamp.
Shabbat 31b:9
Another matter, “Gather to Me seventy men” – when the Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: “Gather to Me seventy men” – Moses said: ‘What shall I do? If I bring five from each and every tribe, they will not total a sum of seventy, they will total sixty. If I bring six from this tribe and five from that tribe, I will introduce jealousy between one tribe and another.’ What did he do? He took seventy-two notes and wrote “elder” [on seventy of] them, and [took] an additional two blank notes, and mixed them in a receptacle. He said: ‘Come and take your note…
Bamidbar Rabbah 15:19
Rav Yehuda, son of Rav Shmuel, said in the name of Rav: Fire is only found in a place where there is desecration of Shabbat, as it is stated: “And if you do not heed Me to sanctify the day of Shabbat, and to refrain from carrying burdens
and come to the gates of Jerusalem on the day of Shabbat,
and I will light a fire in its gates and it will consume the palaces of Jerusalem and it will not be extinguished”
(Jeremiah 17:27). The Gemara asks:
What
is the meaning of:
And it will not be extinguished? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said:
Fire will break out
at a time when…
Shabbat 119b:6
The Sages taught
in a
baraita
:
They sound six blasts on Shabbat eve
to announce that Shabbat is approaching. The Gemara details what each blast signifies. The
first blast
is in order
to stop the people from work in the fields.
The
second
blast
is to stop
those who are working in
the city, and
to inform the proprietors to close the
stores.
The
third
is to inform them
to light the
Shabbat
light;
that is
the statement of Rabbi Natan…
Shabbat 35b:4
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