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Laws of the Sukkah
Laws of the Calendar
Sources
A
MISHNA:
One
may
not roof
a
sukka
with bundles of straw
tied with rope,
or bundles of wood, or bundles of twigs. And
with regard to
all of
the bundles,
if one untied them,
they are
fit
for use in roofing the
sukka
, as their lack of fitness is due to the fact that the bundles are tied.
And
even when tied,
all of
the bundles are
fit for
use in constructing the
walls
of the
sukka
.
GEMARA:
Rabbi Ya’akov said: I heard
explanations
from Rabbi Yoḥanan
for…
Sukkah 12a:8-13a:14
MISHNA:
A
sukka
,
i.e., its roofing, which is the main and most crucial element of the mitzva,
that is more than twenty cubits high is unfit. Rabbi Yehuda deems it fit.
Similarly, a
sukka
that is not
even
ten handbreadths high, and
one
that does not have three walls, and
one
whose sunlight
that passes through its roofing
is greater than its shade are unfit.
Sukkah 2a:1-2
§ The mishna continues: A
sukka
whose shade exceeds its sunlight is fit.
From the formulation of the mishna, it can be inferred that if its shade and sunlight
are equal,
the
sukka
is
unfit.
The Gemara asks:
But didn’t we learn
in a mishna
in another chapter
in this tractate: A
sukka
whose
sunlight exceeds its shade is unfit.
From the formulation of that mishna it can be inferred that if its sunlight and shade
are equal,
the
sukka
is fit.
The inferences of the two
mishnayot
are contradictory…
Sukkah 22b:6-23a:7
The Sages taught
in the
Tosefta
: In order to construct a fit
sukka
,
two
of the walls must be walls
in the standard sense,
sealing the entire length and height of the
sukka
,
and the third
wall may be
even
one
handbreadth
long.
Rabbi Shimon says: Three
of the walls must be walls
in the standard sense, and the fourth
wall may be
even
one
handbreadth
long. The Gemara asks:
With regard to what
principle do
they disagree? The Rabbis hold: The tradition
of the manner in which the verses in the…
Sukkah 6b:7-7b:7
MISHNA:
In the case of
one whose head and most of his
body
were in the
sukka
and his table was in the house, Beit Shammai deem it unfit, and Beit Hillel deem it fit. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai:
And
wasn’t there an incident where the Elders of Beit Shammai and the Elders of Beit Hillel went to visit Rabbi Yoḥanan ben HaḤoranit and they found him
such
that he was sitting with his head and most of his
body
in the
sukka
and his table in the house, and they said nothing to him?
Even Beit Shammai did not object…
Sukkah 28a:8-29a:7
MISHNA:
Apropos eating in the
sukka
, which is discussed in the previous mishna, this mishna relates:
An incident
occurred where
they brought a cooked dish to Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai
for him
to taste, and to Rabban Gamliel
they brought
two dates and a bucket of water. And they
each
said: Take them up to the
sukka
and we will eat them there. In contrast, the mishna relates:
And when they gave Rabbi Tzadok less than an egg-bulk of food, he took
the food
in a cloth
for cleanliness…
Sukkah 26b:8-27a:4
If one
placed roofing on top of a portico that has doorposts,
i.e., a portico with two parallel walls that are valid for a
sukka
, as well as posts in the corners supporting the portico and protruding like doorposts, which are considered as sealing the other two sides of the portico, it is a
valid
sukka
. However,
if he evened the doorposts
by constructing walls adjacent to the existing walls, obscuring the posts so that they do not protrude, the
sukka
is
invalid.
This teaching indicates that the creation of a partition can cause prohibition.
Eruvin 93a:1
On a similar note,
Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said
that
Rav said: A mourner is obligated in
the mitzva of
sukka
.
The Gemara asks: That is
obvious;
why would he be exempt? The Gemara answers:
Lest you say
that
since Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said
that
Rav said
that
one who is suffering
due to his presence in the
sukka
is exempt from the
mitzva of
sukka
,
one could have said that
this
mourner
too is one who is suffering
and should be exempt as well…
Sukkah 25b:6-7
§
It is taught
in a
baraita
:
Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya said:
With regard to
scribes of Torah scrolls, phylacteries, and
mezuzot
, they
themselves,
and the merchants
who sell
them, and the merchants
who purchase them from
the
first
merchants and sell them to others, and all who are engaged in the labor of Heaven,
which comes
to include the sellers of the sky-blue dye
for ritual fringes,
are
all
exempt from
the mitzva of
reciting
Shema
and from prayer and from
donning
phylacteries and from all…
Sukkah 26a:2-11
§
It was stated
that the
amora’im
disagree:
If one roofed a portico that has posts
on its open side, the
sukka
is
fit.
If one roofed a portico
that does not have posts
on its open side,
Abaye said:
The
sukka
is
fit,
and
Rava said:
The
sukka
is
unfit.
The Gemara elaborates:
Abaye said:
The
sukka
is
fit,
Sukkah 18a:16
§
Rav Ḥisda said
that
Avimi said: A mat
that is
four handbreadths and a bit
wide can
permit
the use of a
sukka
as a wall.
The Gemara explains:
How does one accomplish
this?
He suspends it in the middle
of a space ten handbreadths high, with
less than three
handbreadths
below
it
and less than three
handbreadths
above
it.
And
the principle states: The legal status of
any
objects that have a gap of
less than three
handbreadths between them
is as if
they were
joined [
lavud
]…
Sukkah 16b:9-18a:6
The Gemara explains:
A
sukka
is fit
even if it was built
by a gentile, as it is taught
in a
baraita
: With regard to
a booth
built by
gentiles, a booth
built by
women, a booth for domesticated animals, a booth
built by
Samaritans, a booth of any sort,
each is
fit
for use as a
sukka
,
provided that it is roofed in accordance with the
halakha
.
And
if a
sukka
was built
by a Jew, he is not required to recite a blessing
upon its construction…
Menachot 42a:21-22
MISHNA:
Those on the path
to perform
a mitzva are exempt from the
mitzva of
sukka
.
The
ill and their caretakers are exempt from the
mitzva of
sukka
. One
may
eat and drink
in the framework of a
casual
meal
outside the
sukka
.
Sukkah 25a:4
The Gemara asks:
And
with regard to
sukka
itself, from where do we
derive that the mitzva is observed at night as well?
As the Sages taught
in a
baraita
that it is written:
“You shall reside in
sukkot
for seven days”
(Leviticus 23:42), from which they derived:
Days and even nights.
The
tanna
continues the discussion: Do
you say days and even nights; or
perhaps the meaning
is only days and not nights? And it
may be inferred
logically
that the latter is correct…
Sukkah 43a:10
Ḥizkiyya continued:
And do not be surprised
by this,
as
a similar situation is found with regard to the roofing of a
sukka
. Empty
space
in the roofing
of a
sukka
disqualifies
the
sukka
if the space extends for
three
handbreadths, whereas materials that are
unfit
to be used as
roofing disqualify
the
sukka
only if the unfit material extends for
four
handbreadths. If a
sukka
had a gap in its roofing of three handbreadths it is disqualified…
Bava Batra 162b:6
when the season of Tammuz extends until the festival
of
Sukkot
,
and
in such years sitting in the
sukka
causes them suffering.
The Gemara asks:
But doesn’t Rava say
that
one who suffers
in the
sukka
is exempt from
performing
the
mitzva of
sukka
,
and under these circumstances even a Jew is permitted to leave the
sukka
? If so, why are the gentiles criticized for leaving? The Gemara answers:
Granted that one is exempt
from performing the mitzva and is permitted to leave his
sukka
…
Avodah Zarah 3b:1
In the case of
one who establishes his
sukka
at the top of the wagon or at the top of the ship,
although it is portable it
is fit,
as it is sufficient for a
sukka
to be a temporary residence.
And one
may
ascend
and enter
it
even
on
the first
Festival
day. In the case of one who establishes his
sukka
at
the
top of a tree or atop a camel,
the
sukka
is fit, but one may not ascend
and enter
it on
the first
Festival
day because the Sages prohibit climbing or using trees or animals on the…
Mishnah Sukkah 2:3
MISHNA:
In the case of
one who roofs his
sukka
with
metal
skewers or with the long boards of the bed,
which compose its frame,
if there is space between
each one of
them equal to
the width of the skewers or the boards, and if he places fit roofing in those spaces, the
sukka
is
fit.
In the case of
one who hollows out
and creates a space inside
a stack of grain to establish a sukka for him,
it is
not a
sukka
.
…
Sukkah 15a:13-16a:9
What are the circumstances?
It is in a case
where
in
the lower
sukka
,
its shade is greater than its sunlight,
rendering the
sukka
fit,
and
in
the upper
sukka
,
its sunlight is greater than its shade
and it is therefore insignificant,
and
the roofing of
both is within twenty
cubits of the ground.
And
there are
times when the upper
sukka
is fit and
the
lower
sukka
is unfit…
Sukkah 10a:1-15
Rav Huna said:
The
dispute
between the Rabbis and Rabbi Ya’akov is in a case where the four posts are aligned
on the edge of the roof,
directly above the exterior walls of a house,
as Rabbi Ya’akov holds
that
we say
the principle:
Extend and raise the partitions.
Since the exterior walls of the house are full-fledged partitions, they are considered as extending upward indefinitely, constituting the walls of the
sukka
.
And the Rabbis hold
that
we do not say
the principle:
Extend and raise the partitions…
Sukkah 4b:7-8
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