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Laws of the Mixtures of Priestly Tithe and Non-Sanctified Food
Agricultural Law
Sources
A
Rav Aḥa bar Rav said to Ravina: What is your reasoning
in prohibiting the meat? Is it because of
what Shmuel said: A salted
food item
is
considered
like a boiling hot
food item, and a food item
marinated
in vinegar, brine, or the like
is
considered
like a cooked
food item? Perhaps based on this statement of Shmuel you consider the salted thighs as though they have been cooked with their sciatic nerves, in which case they are forbidden.
Chullin 97b:4
However,
Rabbi Yoḥanan
disagrees and
says
that
he even enables her to eat the breast and thigh
of peace-offerings. With respect to this dispute,
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Reish Lakish:
Since you distinguish between
teruma
and the breast and thigh,
do you maintain
that
teruma
in the present
is mandated only
by rabbinic
law?
He said to him: Yes,
and the proof is
that I teach
that
a cake
of dried figs that became intermingled
with
other
cakes is nullified…
Yevamot 81a:9
The Gemara asks:
And
isn’t there the case of
teruma
,
in
which if
he
wishes
he can
request
that a halakhic authority dissolve the designation of the produce as
teruma
and
yet it is
nullified by a majority
of permitted items?
As we learned
in a mishna (
Terumot
5:1):
A
se’a
of ritually impure
teruma
that fell into less than one hundred
se’a
of
non-sacred produce
must be left
to decay.
The impure
teruma
, which is forbidden to all, renders the entire mixture forbidden…
Nedarim 59a:4
MISHNA:
Teruma
, and
teruma
of the tithe, and
teruma
of the tithe of doubtfully tithed produce [
demai
], and
ḥalla
, and first fruits
all
join together with one another
to constitute the requisite measure
to prohibit
a mixture with non-sacred produce,
and
to form the requisite measure of an olive-bulk that serves
to
render one
obligated for their
consumption in payment
of
an additional
one-fifth
over and above the principal…
Meilah 15b:11-12
And the Rabbis say:
The
se’a
from the original prohibited
mixture only renders
the second one
a
prohibited
mixture according to
the
proportion
of
teruma
in the entire mixture. In other words, the percentage of
teruma
in each
se’a
of the original mixture is representative of the percentage of
teruma
in the entire mixture. Only that measure of
teruma
need be nullified. Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion that the
teruma
in the mixture is not considered mixed…
Shabbat 142a:15-17
Come and hear
a resolution to this dilemma from what we learned in a mishna in the tractate
Okatzin
:
Dill, once it has
already
given
its
flavor in the pot,
no longer has any value and
is no
longer
subject to
the
halakhot
of
teruma
and
since it is no longer considered food,
it can no
longer become impure with
the ritual impurity of food. Learn from this
that
they used
dill
to sweeten the taste.
The Gemara concludes: Indeed,
learn from this.
Berakhot 39a:12
§ With regard to
this bunghole [
bat tiha
],
the hole in a barrel through which one can smell the wine, if
a gentile
smells
a Jew’s
wine through it, the wine is
permitted,
but for
a Jew
to smell
a gentile’s
wine through it,
Abaye says
that it is
prohibited,
whereas
Rava says
that it is
permitted. Abaye says
that it is
prohibited
because he holds that
a smell is
a substantial
matter,
a significant form of pleasure, and it is not permitted to derive benefit from a gentile’s wine…
Avodah Zarah 66b:3-67a:1
And it is taught in the latter clause,
i.e., in the following mishna (
Orla
2:7): When it is stated that the
halakha
is
to be lenient and to be stringent
if he mixed one
type
of
teruma
with non-sacred food
not
of
its type, how
is this accomplished? For example, in a case of
split beans
of
teruma
that were cooked
with
non-sacred
lentils, if there are
enough split beans relative to the lentils to
impart flavor
to the lentils…
Chullin 99a:7
With regard to
teruma
from outside of Eretz Yisrael,
Shmuel says:
Teruma
from outside of Eretz
Yisrael that became mixed with non-sacred produce
is nullified in a majority,
unlike ordinary
teruma
, which requires one hundred parts of non-sacred produce to nullify it. The Gemara relates that
Rabba,
who was a priest, would
nullify
his
teruma
from outside of Eretz Yisrael
in a majority
ab initio
and eat it during his days of impurity…
Bekhorot 27a:6
And the Rabbis say: Let
the
se’a
of
teruma
arise
and be nullified by the one hundred
se’a
of non-sacred produce, and then all one hundred and one
se’a
will be considered non-sacred. Nevertheless, the mixture may not be allowed to come in contact with water, so that it does not become susceptible to ritual impurity,
and
therefore it must
be eaten dry or roasted. Or
alternatively,
it may be kneaded with fruit juice,
which does not render a substance susceptible to impurity…
Bekhorot 22b:2
The Gemara analyzes this dispute.
In accordance with whose
opinion
is that which we learned
in a mishna (
Terumot
10:2): In the case of
an apple
of
teruma
that one mashed and placed in
non-sacred
dough, and
the juice of the apple
leavened
the dough,
this
dough
is prohibited
to be consumed by anyone who may not partake of
teruma
.
Menachot 54a:2
In contrast,
Rabbi Yehoshua says: If there are one hundred mouths
of different barrels or circular vessels
there,
the prohibited
litra
of untithed figs on the mouth of one of the vessels
is nullified
by a ratio of one part of prohibited figs to one hundred parts of similar, permitted figs.
And if not,
all of
the
circles of figs at the
mouths
of the barrels or circular vessels
are prohibited,
as one of them clearly contains a prohibited
litra
that has not been nullified…
Beitzah 4a:2-5
§ The Gemara discusses a related topic.
Reish Lakish says:
In the case of
a barrel of
teruma
produce, which may be eaten only by a priest and his household,
that was intermingled with one hundred barrels
of non-sacred produce, they are all considered as
teruma
, as a sealed barrel is significant and is not nullified.
And
if
one of
these barrels
fell into the Dead Sea, all
the barrels
are permitted, as we say:
Since there is
that
barrel
that fell…
Zevachim 74b:3-9
The Gemara
raises a contradiction
to the mishna, from the following mishna in tractate
Bikkurim
(2:1): With regard to
teruma
and first fruits, one is liable to
the
death
penalty
for them,
e.g., if a non-priest ate them intentionally; if he did so unintentionally, he must restore the amount he ate with the addition of
a fifth; and they are prohibited to non-priests; and they are the property of the priest.
Consequently, a priest can purchase anything he wishes with them, or betroth a woman with them…
Chagigah 18b:6
And
their consumption
is prohibited to non-priests; and they are the property of the priest
in every sense, e.g., to sell them to another priest or betroth a woman with them;
and
if they were intermingled with non-sacred produce
they are negated
only if the ratio is
one
part
teruma
in one hundred
parts non-sacred produce;
and they require the washing of
one’s
hands
before partaking of them;
and
one who was impure and immersed must wait for
sunset
before partaking of them…
Bava Metzia 53a:1
Abaye
raised an objection to
Rav Dimi from a similar
baraita
: There were
two baskets, one
filled
with
teruma
and one
filled
with non-sacred
produce,
and before them
were
two
containers each containing
a
se’a
of produce,
one of non-sacred
produce
and
the
one of
teruma
, and these,
the contents of each of the baskets,
fell into those,
each of the containers before them. Although it is prohibited for non-priests to eat a mixture of
teruma
and non-sacred produce…
Nazir 36b:7-37a:2
MISHNA:
If
teruma
, the portion of the produce designated for the priest, was intermingled with non-sacred produce, and it is impossible to distinguish between them, if the ratio of non-sacred produce to
teruma
was less than one hundred to one, the
teruma
is not nullified and all the produce is forbidden to those for whom
teruma
is forbidden. If the mixture was then intermingled with other non-sacred produce, that
mixture renders
it
a mixture
of
teruma
only according to
the
calculation
of the percentage of the…
Temurah 12a:5
Rabbi Meir continues: By contrast,
Rabbi Yehoshua says: If there are one hundred openings
of containers present there, the untithed
litra
of figs on the opening of one of the containers
is nullified
in a ratio of one part of untithed figs to one hundred parts of similar, tithed figs.
But if not,
all of
the
layers of figs at the
openings
of the containers
are prohibited,
i.e., viewed as untithed, as one of them certainly contains an untithed
litra
that has not been nullified…
Zevachim 73a:4-7
And the Rabbis say:
The
se’a
from the original prohibited mixture
renders
the derivative
mixture
prohibited
only according to
the
calculation
of actual
teruma
in
the entire mixture, calculated as if the
teruma
were evenly distributed throughout the first mixture. The mishna evidently follows the opinion of the Rabbis.
Temurah 12a:11
Rava said: Initially that which is taught
in the following
baraita
posed
a difficulty for me:
With regard to
a pot in which one cooked meat, one may not cook milk in it; and if he did cook
milk in it, the meat absorbed by the pot renders the milk forbidden if it
imparts flavor
to the milk. Similarly, if one cooked
teruma
in a pot, one
may not cook non-sacred
food
in it; and if one did cook
non-sacred food in it, the absorbed
teruma
renders the food in the pot sacred if it
imparts flavor
to it.
Chullin 97a:4
Agricultural Law
דיני חקלאות
Laws of Forbidden Mixtures of Seeds and Trees
Laws of Agricultural Gifts to the Poor
Laws of the Release of Loans
Laws of Forbidden Mixtures of Vineyards
Laws of the Poor Tithe
Laws of Forbidden Mixtures of Animals
Obligation of the Priestly Tithe and its Separation
Laws of Eating the Priestly Tithe
Laws of the Mixtures of Priestly Tithe and Non-Sanctified Food
Laws of the Confession of Tithes
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