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Death at the Hands of the Heavens
Sources
A
Rabbi
Yehuda HaNasi
says,
in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yonatan:
Death at the hand of Heaven is stated
in the Torah,
and death at the hands of a person,
i.e., court-imposed capital punishment,
is stated
in the Torah.
Just as
the
death at the hand of Heaven that is stated
in the Torah is
a death that leaves no
external
mark, so too,
the
death at the hands of a person that is stated
in the Torah is
a death that leaves no
external
mark,
i.e., strangulation.
Sanhedrin 52b:25
AND ITS OWNER SHALL BE PUT TO DEATH. Our Rabbis have received by Tradition that this death means by the hand of Heaven. Similar cases are these verses:
and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death;
and they die therein, if they profane it
.
I have noticed that where the Torah speaks of those liable to be put to death by the court, it does not mention just
yumoth
(he shall be put to death), but always says,
moth yumoth
(he shall surely be put to death)…
Ramban on Exodus 21:29:1
And [part of] the content of excision is the shortening of years; like the matter that is stated (Proverbs 10:27), “but the years of the wicked will be shortened.” But there is a difference in the matter of the shortening of the years between death [at the hands of the Heavens] and excision. For [in the case of] excision, the death of the person is before fifty years, whereas [in the case of] death, [it] is before sixty - like those that died in the desert. This is meaning to say, that one about whom it was decreed to live for seventy or eighty years…
Sha'arei Teshuvah 3:124
There are a total of 18 negative commandments that are punishable by death by the hand of heaven, whose transgression involve a deed, for which lashes are administered. They are:
i) a person other than a priest who partakes of primary
terumah
whether it was ritually pure or ritually impure;
ii) a person other than a priest who partakes of
terumat ma'aser
;
iii) a person other than a priest who partakes of the first fruits after they entered Jerusalem;
iv) a person other than a priest who partakes of
challah
…
Mishneh Torah, The Sanhedrin and the Penalties within Their Jurisdiction 19:2
But if the ox (had been wont) to gore yesterday and before, and it had been attested before his owner three times, and he (had neglected) to restrain him, the ox, when he killeth man or woman, shall be stoned, and his master also shall die with a death sent upon him from heaven.
Targum Jonathan on Exodus 21:29
And there are some of them that our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, explained in the Talmud and in the Midrash, and most of them can be learned from the verse [itself]. For example, one who afflicts a widow or an orphan, as it is stated (Exodus 22:21-23), “you shall not afflict a widow or orphan. If you do mistreat them, etc., My anger shall blaze forth.” And our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, said (Mekhilta D’Rabbi Yishmael, Mishpatim 18), “It is one if they cry out or they do not cry out…
Sha'arei Teshuvah 3:110-118
Related
ראו גם
Excision
Death Penalty
Sheets
דפי מקורות
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