Mishnah Makhshirin 2:8

זֵעַת בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת, טְהוֹרָה. זֵעַת הָאָדָם, טְהוֹרָה. שָׁתָה מַיִם טְמֵאִין וְהִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְהוֹרָה. בָּא בְמַיִם שְׁאוּבִים וְהִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְמֵאָה. נִסְתַּפֵּג וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִזִּיעַ, זֵעָתוֹ טְהוֹרָה: The sweat of houses, of cisterns, of ditches and caverns does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness. A man's perspiration does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness. If a man drank unclean water and perspired, his perspiration does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness. If he entered into drawn water and perspired, his perspiration causes susceptibility to uncleanness. If he dried himself and then perspired, his perspiration does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness.

מֶרְחָץ טְמֵאָה, זֵעָתָהּ טְמֵאָה. וּטְהוֹרָה, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַבְּרֵכָה שֶׁבַּבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת מַזִּיעַ מֵחֲמָתָהּ, אִם טְמֵאָה, זֵעַת כָּל הַבַּיִת שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת הַבְּרֵכָה, טְמֵאָה: The sweat of an unclean bath is unclean, But that of a clean bath comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. If there was a pool in a house, the house sweats because of it if the pool was unclean, the sweat of all the house which was caused by the pool is unclean.

שְׁתֵּי בְרֵכוֹת, אַחַת טְהוֹרָה וְאַחַת טְמֵאָה, הַמַּזִּיעַ קָרוֹב לַטְּמֵאָה, טָמֵא. קָרוֹב לַטְּהוֹרָה, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. גִּסְטְרָיוֹת שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכָהּ, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת שֶׁיָּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּדְמוּ מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת. אֲבָל אִם קָדְמוּ מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, לְמֵי שְׁפִיכוּת, טָמֵא: Two pools, the one clean and the other unclean: The sweat near the unclean pool is unclean, And the sweat near the clean pool is clean, And what is at equal distance [from both pools] is unclean. Unclean iron was smelted with clean iron: If the greater part [came] from the unclean iron, it is unclean; If the greater part [came] from the clean iron, it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. Pots owned by Israelites and non-Jews used for passing water: If the greater part is from the unclean [urine], it is unclean; If the greater part is from the clean [urine], it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. Waste-water, in which rain had fallen: If the greater part consisted of the unclean water, it is unclean; If the greater part consisted of clean water, it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. When [is this the case]? When the waste-water came first; but if the rain water came before [the waste-water], it is unclean whatever the quantity [of the rain water].

הַטּוֹרֵף אֶת גַּגּוֹ וְהַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הוֹסִיפוּ לְנַטֵּף: If one flattened out his roof or washed his garment and rain came down upon it: If the greater part consisted of the unclean water, it is unclean; If the greater part consisted of the clean water, it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. Rabbi Judah says: if the dripping increased, [it is clean].

עִיר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים דָּרִים בָּהּ וְהָיָה בָהּ מֶרְחָץ מַרְחֶצֶת בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, רוֹחֵץ מִיָּד. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּחַמּוּ הַחַמִּין. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּחַמּוּ הַחַמִּין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּאַמְבָּטִי קְטַנָּה, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ רָשׁוּת, רוֹחֵץ בָּהּ מִיָּד: A city in which Israelites and non-Jews dwell together and there was a bathhouse working on Shabbat: If the majority [of the inhabitants] were non-Jews, one may bathe in it immediately [after the conclusion of the Shabbat]; If the majority were Israelites, one must wait until the water can be heated; If they were half and half, one must [also] wait until the water can be heated. Rabbi Judah says: if the bathhouse was small and there was there a [non-Jewish] authority, one may bathe in it immediately [after the conclusion of Shabbat].

מָצָא בָהּ יָרָק נִמְכָּר, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, לוֹקֵחַ מִיָּד. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יַמְתִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב. וְאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ רָשׁוּת, לוֹקֵחַ מִיָּד: If one found in that city vegetables sold [on Shabbat]: If the majority [of the inhabitants] were non-Jews, one may buy them immediately [after the conclusion of Shabbat]; If the majority were Israelites, one must wait until [vegetables] can arrive from the nearest place; If they were half and half, one must [also] wait until [vegetables] can arrive from the nearest place; If there was there a [non-Jewish] authority, one may buy them immediately [after the conclusion of Shabbat].

מָצָא בָהּ תִּינוֹק מֻשְׁלָךְ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, נָכְרִי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׂרָאֵל. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַמַּשְׁלִיכִין: If one found [an abandoned] child there: If the majority [of the inhabitants] were non-Jews, it is considered a non-Jew; If the majority were Israelites, it is considered an Israelite; If they were half and half, it is also considered an Israelite. Rabbi Judah says: we must consider the majority of those who abandon their children.

מָצָא בָהּ בָּשָׂר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַטַּבָּחִים. אִם הָיָה מְבֻשָּׁל, הוֹלְכִים אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי בָשָׂר מְבֻשָּׁל: If one found meat there, we follow the majority of the butchers. If it was cooked meat, we follow the majority of those who eat cooked meat.

הַמּוֹצֵא פֵרוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אִם רֹב מַכְנִיסִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן, פָּטוּר. וְלִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, דְּמַאי. אוֹצָר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכוֹ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, וַדַּאי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּמַאי. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, וַדַּאי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ כֻלָּם נָכְרִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד מַטִּיל לְתוֹכוֹ, דְּמַאי: If one found produce on the road: If the majority [of the inhabitants] gathered produce into their homes, he is exempt [from tithes]; If [the majority gathered it] for selling in the market, he is liable [for tithes]; If they were half and half, the produce is demai. A granary into which both Israelites and non-Jews put their produce, If the majority were non-Jews, [the produce must be considered] certainly untithed; If the majority were Israelites, [it must be considered] demai; If they were half and half, [it must be considered] certainly untithed, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: even if they were all non-Jews, and only one Israelite put his produce into the granary, [it must be considered] demai.

פֵּרוֹת שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל שֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁית, וְשֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁית עַל שֶׁל רְבִיעִית, וְשֶׁל רְבִיעִית עַל שֶׁל חֲמִישִׁית, וְשֶׁל חֲמִישִׁית עַל שֶׁל שִׁשִּׁית, וְשֶׁל שִׁשִּׁית עַל שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, וְשֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית עַל שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, לְהַחֲמִיר: If the produce of the second year exceeded in quantity the produce of the third year, or the produce of the third year exceeded the produce of the fourth year, or the produce of the fourth year exceeded the produce of the fifth year, or the produce of the fifth year exceeded the produce of the sixth year, or the produce of the sixth year exceeded the produce of the seventh year, or the produce of the seventh year exceeded the produce of the year after the conclusion of the seventh year, we follow the majority. If half and half, the rule is stringent.