וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי הַדְּבָרִים. מַה כְּתִיב לְמַעְלָה מִן הָעִנְיָן, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָמוּת וַיִּקְרָא לִבְנוֹ לְיוֹסֵף, לְמִי שֶׁהַשָּׁעָה עוֹמֶדֶת לוֹ. And it came to pass after these things (Gen. 48:1). What is written previously on this subject? And the time drew near that Israel must die, and he called his son Joseph (Gen. 47:29). He called his son Joseph because he (Joseph) was in a position of authority at that time.
וְהַנָּבִיא צוֹוֵחַ, לֵךְ עַמִּי בֹּא בַחֲדָרֶיךָ וְגוֹ' (ישעיה כו, כ). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי לָכֶם שֶׁתִּהְיוּ מַטְמִינִים עַצְמְכֶם וְתִתְּנוּ מָקוֹם לַשָּׁעָה. נָבוֹת לֹא נָתַן מָקוֹם לַשָּׁעָה, לְכָךְ כְּתִיב בֵּהּ, כִּי סֻקַּל נָבוֹת וַיָּמֶֹת (מלכים א רא, טו). מָרְדְּכַי עָמַד כְּנֶגֶד הַשָּׁעָה, וְהָיָה לוֹ לְהַחֲנִיף לָרָשָׁע. וּלְפִי שֶׁעָמַד כְּנֶגֶד הָמָן הָרָשָׁע קִמְעָא, כְּבָר הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל כָּלִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. The prophet cried out: Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers … hide thyself for a little moment (Isa. 26:20). The Holy One, blessed be He, had declared: I counsel you to restrain yourselves and to surrender to the conditions that prevail at the moment. Naboth would not temporize (when Ahab demanded his land), and so it is written about him: Naboth is stoned, and is dead (I Kings 21:14). Mordecai likewise refused to temporize. He should have flattered the wicked man. Indeed, Israel was almost obliterated from the earth because he antagonized Haman.
דָּוִד בָּרַח וַיִּמָּלֵט מִפְּנֵי שָׁאוּל, וְכֵן בָּרַח מִפְּנֵי אַבְשָׁלוֹם בְנוֹ. וְכֵן מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּבְרַח מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי פַרְעֹה (שמות ב, טו). וְכֵן יַעֲקֹב בָּרַח מִפְּנֵי עֵשָׂו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּבְרַח יַעֲקֹב שְׂדֵה אֲרָם (הושע יב, יג). וְאַף אֲבוֹת הָעוֹלָם נָתְנוּ מָקוֹם לַשָּׁעָה וְהֶחֱנִיפוּ לְמִי שֶׁהַשָּׁעָה בְיָדוֹ. אַבְרָהָם נִטְפַּל בְּשָׂרָה, לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי בַעֲבוּרֵךְ. יִצְחָק הֶחֱנִיף לְעֵשָׂו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֶּאֱהַב יִצְחָק אֶת עֵשָׂו. וְאַף כָּאן יַעֲקֹב קָרָא לִבְנוֹ לְיוֹסֵף, On the other hand, David fled and escaped from Saul, and he also fled from Absalom. Moses did likewise, as it is said: He fled from the face of Pharaoh (Exod. 2:15). Similarly, Jacob fled from Esau, as it is said: And Jacob fled into the field of Aram (Hos. 12:13). Even the patriarchs temporized and flattered the one in power at the moment. Abraham relied upon Sarah: That it be well with me for thy sake (Gen. 12:13). Isaac demeaned himself before Esau, as is said: Now Isaac loved Esau (ibid. 25:28). Similarly ,in this instance Jacob called his son Joseph.
וְשָׁכַבְתִּי עִם אֲבֹתַי. אָמַר לוֹ: בְּאֵיזֶה מָקוֹם. אָמַר לוֹ: בְּקִבְרִי אֲשֶׁר כָּרִיתִי. וְכִי חוֹפֵר קְבָרוֹת הָיָה יַעֲקֹב. אֶלָּא לְלַמֶּדְךָ, כְּשֶׁמֵּת יִצְחָק, אָמַר יַעֲקֹב, אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּקָּבֵר עֵשָׂו הָרָשָׁע בִּקְבוּרַת צַדִּיקִים. מֶה עָשָׂה. הֵבִיא כָּל כַּסְפּוֹ וּזְהָבוֹ וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֶּרִי. אָמַר לְעֵשָׂו, מָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ הַכְּרִי הַזֶּה אוֹ הַקֶּבֶר הַזֶּה. נָטַל עֵשָׂו אֶת הַכְּרִי, וְיַעֲקֹב נָטַל אוֹתָהּ מְעָרָה. But when I sleep with my fathers, bury me in their resting place (ibid. 47:30). “Where is that place?” Joseph inquired. Jacob replied: In the grave I prepared for myself Did Jacob actually dig a grave? The purpose of this remark is to teach us that after Isaac died, Jacob had said: “Perhaps the wicked Esau will be buried in the cave of the righteous one?” What did he do? He piled up all his gold and silver possessions into a single heap, and said to Esau: “Which do you prefer, this heap or the cave?” Esau chose the heap, and Jacob took the cave.
וַיֹּאמֶר לְיוֹסֵף הִנֵּה אָבִיךָ חֹלֶה. אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: אֶפְרַיִם אָמַר לוֹ: שֶׁהָיָה עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה עִמּוֹ. וְלָמָּה וַיִּתְחַזֵּק יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּשֶׁב. אָמַר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא בְּנִי, מֶלֶךְ הוּא וְאַחֲלֹק לוֹ כָּבוֹד. One said to Joseph: “Behold, thy father is sick” (ibid. 48:1). Our sages of blessed memory maintained that it was Ephraim who revealed this fact to him, for he was studying the law with Jacob at the time. Why does Scripture add the words: And Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed (ibid., v. 2)? He said to himself: “Even though he is my son, he is a ruler, and I must be respectful toward him.”
וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל יוֹסֵף אֵל שַׁדַּי וְגוֹ', וַיֹּאמֶר הִנְנִי מַפְרְךָ וְהִרְבִּיתִךָ. הִתְחִיל עוֹשֶׂה אֶת בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף שְׁבָטִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶפְרַיִם וּמְנַשֶּׁה כִּרְאוּבֵן וְשִׁמְעוֹן יִהְיוּ לִי. And Jacob said unto Joseph: “God Almighty appeared … and said unto me: Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee” (ibid., v. 4). This was the first time he included Joseph’s two sons among the tribes, as it is said: Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine (ibid., v. 5).
וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף וַיֹּאמֶר מִי אֵלֶּה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר שַׁלּוּם, וְכִי לֹא הָיָה מַכִּירָן, וַהֲלֹא בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם יוֹשְׁבִין וְעוֹסְקִין בַּתּוֹרָה לְפָנָיו, וְעַכְשָׁו הוּא אוֹמֵר מִי אֵלֶּה. לְאַחַר שֶׁשִּׁמְּשׁוּ אוֹתוֹ שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה שֶׁעָמַד בְּמִצְרַיִם, לֹא הִכִּירָן. אֶלָּא שֶׁרָאָה לְיָרָבְעָם בֶּן נְבָט וּלְאַחְאָב בֶּן עָמְרִי שֶׁעוֹמְדִין מֵאֶפְרַיִם עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְנִסְתַּלְּקָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ. כְּשֶׁרָאָה יוֹסֵף כָּךְ, מִיָּד נִשְׁתַּטַּח בַּקַּרְקַע וּבִקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְאָמַר, רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָם, אִם הֵן רְאוּיִן לִבְרָכָה, אַל תַּחֲזִירֵנִי הַיּוֹם בְּבֹשֶׁת פָּנִים. מִיָּד הִכְנִיס הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּיַעֲקֹב וְחָזַר וּבֵרֲכָן. וּמִנַּיִן, שֶׁכָּךְ כְּתִיב: וְאָנֹכִי תִּרְגַּלְתִּי לְאֶפְרַיִם קָחָם עַל זְרוֹעֹתָיו (הושע יא, ג), תִּרְגַּלְתִּי רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ לְיַעֲקֹב בִּשְׁבִיל אֶפְרַיִם. And Israel beheld Joseph’s sons, and said: “Who are these?” (ibid., v. 8). R. Judah the son of Shalum asked: Is it possible that he did not recognize them? Had they not sat and studied the law with him every day? Yet now he asked “Who are these?” even though they had ministered to him during the seventeen years he had resided in Egypt. Did he actually not recognize them? The fact is that he foresaw that Jeroboam the son of Nebat and Ahab the son of Omri would descend from Ephraim, and that they would become idolaters.10Jeroboam made two calves of gold, placing one in Beth-El, and the other in Dan (I Kings 12:28). Ahab married the Phoenician princess Jezebel, who introduced the worship of Baal and Astarte into the northern kingdom. And he went and served Baal and worshipped him (I Kings 16:31). It was for this reason the Holy Spirit departed from him. When Joseph realized this, he prostrated himself before the Holy One, blessed be He, and pleaded for mercy, saying: “Master of the Universe, if they are worthy to be blessed, do not turn away and cause me to be turned away today disgraced.” Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be He, restored the Holy Spirit to Jacob, and he blessed them. Whence do we know this? From the fact that it is written: And I, I taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by their arms (Hos. 11:3), that is, I restored the Holy Spirit to Jacob for the sake of Ephraim.
אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, שְׁנֵי פְעָמִים נִסְתַּלְּקָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִיַּעֲקֹב בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. אֶחָד כְּשֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ לְבָרֵךְ אֶפְרַיִם וּמְנַשֶּׁה, וְאֶחָד כְּשֶׁבָּא לְגַלּוֹת הַקֵּץ. וַיִּשְׁלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת יְמִינוֹ וַיָּשֶׁת עַל רֹאשׁ אֶפְרַיִם, הִתְחִיל מְבָרְכָן, וְיִדְגּוּ לָרֹב, בִּשְּׂרָן שֶׁעֲתִידִים בְּנֵי אֶפְרַיִם לִהְיוֹת נִצּוֹדִים כַּדָּגִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ אֱמָר נָא שִׁבֹּלֶת וַיֹּאמֶר סִבֹּלֶת (שופטים יב, ו). וַיַּרְא יוֹסֵף כִּי יָשִׁית אָבִיו וְגוֹ' וַיִּתְמֹךְ יַד אָבִיו לְהָסִיר אֹתָהּ. אָמַר לוֹ: יָדִי אַתְּ מְבַקֵּשׁ לְהָסִיר שֶׁרָפְשָׁה לְשַׂר הַמַּלְאָכִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, כִּשְׁנֵי עַמּוּדִים שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ דִּמּוֹסִין שֶׁבִּטְבֶרְיָא, כָּךְ הָיוּ זְרוֹעוֹתָיו שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב. וַיֹּאמֶר יוֹסֵף אֶל אָבִיו לֹא כֵן אָבִי כִּי זֶה וְגוֹ'. וַיְמָאֵן אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר יָדַעְתִּי, שֶׁרָאָה לְגִדְעוֹן עוֹמֵד מִמְּנַשֶּׁה. וְאוּלָם אָחִיו הַקָּטֹן יִגְדַּל, זֶה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁעָמַד מֵאֶפְרָיִם. וַיְבָרְכֵם בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֵאמֹר בְּךָ וְגוֹ', עָשָׂה אֶפְרַיִם רִאשׁוֹן לִמְנַשֶּׁה. וְאֵימָתַי נִתְקַיְּמָה בִרְכָתוֹ, בַּחֲנֻכַּת הַנְּשִׂיאִים, שֶׁהִקְרִיב אֶפְרַיִם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּמְנַשֶּׁה בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: מֵקִים דְּבַר עַבְדּוֹ וַעֲצַת מַלְאָכָיו יַשְׁלִים (ישעיה עד, כו). R. Samuel the son of Nahman stated: The Holy Spirit forsook Jacob twice. Once when he wished to bless Manasseh and Ephraim, and again when he was about to reveal the time of redemption. And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head (Gen. 48:14). He began to bless him with the words: And let them increase like fish (ibid., v. 16). He thus indicated that Ephraim’s descendants would be caught like fishes, as it is said: Say now “Shibboleth”; and he said “Sibboleth” (Judg. 12:6).11Just as fishes are caught by their mouths, so too forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed because they could not pronounce the word Shibboleth correctly. When Joseph saw that his father was laying his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it displeased him and He held up his father’s hand, to remove it (Gen. 48:17). Jacob rebuked him, saying: “Do you seek to turn away the hand that vanquished the foremost among the angels?” R. Yohanan said: Jacob’s arms were like two columns in the public baths in Tiberias. And Joseph said unto his father: “Not so, my father, only this one is the firstborn” (ibid. , v. 18). And his father refused and said: “I know it, my son; I know it” (ibid., v. 19). He foresaw that Gideon would descend from Manasseh, but that his younger brother was the more important one, since Joshua would descend from him. And he blessed them that day, saying: “By thee shall Israel bless, saying: God make thee as Ephraim and Manasseh” (ibid., v. 20). He mentioned Ephraim before he mentioned Manasseh. When was his blessing finally fulfilled? At the time of the consecration of the chiefs. Then Ephraim brought his offering on the seventh day, and Manasseh on the eighth, in fulfillment of the scriptural verse: That confirmeth the word of his servant and performeth the counsel of his messengers (Isa. 44:26).