משנה: חֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרוֹמוּ וְאִם תָּֽרְמוּ תְרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. הָאִילֵּם וְהַשִּׁיכּוֹר וְהֶעָרוֹם וְהַסּוֹמֶא וּבַעַל קֶרִי לֹא יִתְרוֹמוּ וְאִם תָּֽרְמוּ תְרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. אֵין תּוֹרְמִין לֹא בְמִידָּה וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל וְלֹא בְמִנְייָן אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. אֵין תּוֹרְמִין בְּסַל וּבְקוּפָּה שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל מִידָּה. אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא בָּהֶן חֶצְייָן אוֹ שְׁלִישָׁן. לֹא יִתְרוֹם בִּסְאָה חֶצְייָהּ שֶׁחֶצְייָהּ מִידָּה. MISHNAH: Five categories of persons should not give heave but if they gave, their heave is heave. The mute, the drunk, the naked person, the blind, and a man who had an emission of semen should not give heave but if they gave, their heave is heave.
One gives heave neither by measure, nor by weight, nor by count171Since no amount is specified for heave in biblical law (cf. Peah Chapter 1, Note 9), the verse requires only thought in specifying the heave. “To measure” means to determine the volume.. But one may give heave from what was measured, weighed, or counted. One does not give heave in a measuring basket or box, but one may give in them a half or a third172If no marks for ½ or ⅓ are on the measuring device.. One should not give half a seah of heave173Cf. Berakhot Chapter 3, Note 164. Half a seah, three qab, is a commercial measure (as dry measure tarqab, as fluid measure hin). Its size can be estimated in a seah vessel. in a seah vessel because half of it is a [standard] measure.
הלכה: יֵשׁ מֵהֶן מִפְּנֵי בְרָכָה וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לִתְרוֹם מִן הַמּוּבְחָר. הָאִילֵּם וְהֶעָרוֹם וּבַעַל קֶרִי מִפְּנֵי בְרָכָה הַסּוֹמֵא וְהַשִּׁיכּוֹר שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לִתְרוֹם מִן הַמּוּבְחָר. HALAKHAH: “Some of these [rules] are because of the benediction, some because the [persons] are unable to give from the best. The mute, the naked person164He may not utter the Divine name, cf. Berakhot Chapter 3, Note 210., and the man who had an emission165Cf. Berakhot Halakhah 3:4 ff. because of the benediction, the blind and the drunk because they cannot give from the best.”166A much shortened version of Tosephta 3:1–2.
אַבָּא בַּר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר שָׁתוּי אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל וְאִם הִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִילָּתוֹ תַחֲנוּנִים. שִׁיכּוֹר אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל וְאִם הִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִילָּתוֹ גִדּוּפִין. אֵי זֶהוּ שָׁתוּי כָּל־שֶׁשָּׁתָה רְבִיעִית שִׁיכּוֹר שֶׁשָּׁתָה יוֹתֵר. תַּמָּן אָמַר כָּל־שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְדַבֵּר לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ. רִבִּי זְעִירָא בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי אִיסִּי שִׁיכּוֹר מָהוּ שֶׁיְּבָרֵךְ. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ וַאֲפִילוּ מְדוּמְדָּם. לֹא צוֹרְכָא דְּלֹא מָהוּ שֶׁיִּקְרָא שְׁמַע אָמַר אַבָּא בַּר אָבִין חַד חָסִיד שָׁאַל לְאֱלִיָּה זָכוּר לַטּוֹב עָרוּם מָהוּ שֶׁיִּקְרָא שְׁמַע. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְלֹא יִרְאֶה בְךָ עֶרְוַת דָּבָר עֶרְוַת דִּיבּוּר. תַּנֵּי חִזְקִיָּה בֵּין לִקְרוֹת בֵּין לְבָרֵךְ. Abba bar Rav Huna said, one who drank [wine] should not pray but if he did pray, his prayer is a supplication. A drunk should not pray but if he did pray, his prayer is blasphemy. What is one who drank [wine]? Someone who drank a quartarius167A quarter of a log, cf. Berakhot, Chapter 3, Note 227. In the Rome ms: “Even if he drank less than a quartarius.”; a drunk is one who drank more. There168In Babylonia., it is said if he cannot speak before a king. Rebbi Zeïra asked before Rebbi Assi: May a drunk recite Grace? He said to him (Deut. 11:15): “When you will eat and be satiated, then you must praise”, even if you are sleepy. The question is only, may he recite the Shema‘? Abba bar Avin169He might be identical with Rebbi Abba bar Avina, a Babylonian of the second generation who immigrated into Galilee and was ordained there. said, a pious person asked Elijah, may he be remembered for the good, may a naked person recite the Shema‘? He said to him (Deut. 23:15): “He should not see in you a thing of turpitude,” a word of turpitude. Ḥizqiah stated: both170The argument of Elijah applies in both cases. for reciting [Grace] and reading [the Shema‘].
תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן הַמּוֹנֶה מְשׁוּבָּח וְהַמּוֹדֵד מְשׁוּבָּח הִימֶּנּוּ וְהַשּׁוֹקֵל מְשׁוּבָּח מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן. וָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר כֵּן. אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי כָּאן בִּתְרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה כָּאן בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְתַנֵּי כֵן אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן גִּימֶל אוֹמֵר מְנַייִן שֶׁאֵין תּוֹרְמִין לֹא בְמִידָּה וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל וְלֹא בְמִנְייָן תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְנֶחְשַׁב לָכֶם תְּרוּמַתְכֶם. בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה אַתְּ תּוֹרֵם וְאֵין אַתְּ תּוֹרֵם בְּמִידָּה בְּמִשְׁקָל וּבְמִנְייָן. מָה תְרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה אַף תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה. There174Mishnah 4:6., we have stated: “One who counts is praiseworthy, he who measures is better, and he who weighs is the best of the three.” And here, you say so? Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, here for the Great Heave, there for the heave of the tithe175Which is called “tithe of the tithe”, one tenth of one tenth.. We have stated so176Babli Beẓah 13b (“Abba Eleazar ben Gimel”), Giṭṭin 30b (“Abba Eleazar ben Gamla”), Bekhorot 58b (“Abba Eleazar ben Gomel”), Menaḥot 54b (“Abba Eleazar ben Gomel”).: “Eliezer ben Gimel says, from where that one does not give heave by measurement, weight, or count? The verse says (Num. 18:27): ‘Your heave will be thought of for you’. You give heave by thought, you do not give heave by measurement, weight, or count. Just as this is for the Great Heave, so it is for the heave of the tithe177The later Sages, Tannaїm and Amoraїm, disagree with this last statement even though it agrees better with the verse..”
וְהָתַנִּינָן אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. אָמַר רִבִּי לָֽעְזָר כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא מוֹדֵד אָדָם אֶת טִיבְלוֹ וּמַכְנִיסָהּ לְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְרוֹם בְּמִידָּה. שׁוֹקֵל אָדָם טִיבְלוֹ וּמַכְנִיסוֹ לְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁקְלֶנּוּ בְּמִשְׁקָל. מוֹנֶה הוּא אָדָם טִיבְלוֹ וּמַכְנִיסוֹ לְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְרוֹם בְּמִינְייָן. Did we not state: “But one may give heave from what was measured, weighed, or counted”? Rebbi Eleazar said, so is the Mishnah: 178Tosephta 3:4, in the name of R. Jehudah.“A person may measure his ṭevel and bring it into his house on condition that he not give heave by measure. A person may weigh his ṭevel and bring it into his house on condition that he not weigh179In the Tosephta, the sentence reads: “A person may weigh his ṭevel and bring it into his house on condition that he not tithe by weight”. This seems to be the correct reading, adopted by all commentators. by weight. A person may count his ṭevel and bring it into his house on condition that he not give heave by count.”