משנה: אֵין לוֹקְחִין עֲבָדִים וְקַרְקָעוֹת וּבְהֵמָה טְמֵיאָה מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית. אִם לָקַח יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. אֵין מְבִיאִין קִינֵּי זָבִין וְקִינֵּי זָבוֹת קִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית וְאִם לָקַח יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. אֵין סָכִין כֵּלִים בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית וְאִם סָךְ יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. עוֹר שֶׁסָּכוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר יִדָּלֵק. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים יֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּן. אָֽמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר הָיָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר עוֹר שֶׁסָּכוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית יִדָּלֵק. אָמַר לָהֶן שְׁתוּקוּ לֹא אוֹמַר לָכֶם מַה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אָמַר בּוֹ. וְעוֹד אָֽמְרוּ לְפָנָיו אוֹמֵר הָיָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר הָאוֹכֵל פַּת כּוּתִי כְאוֹכֵל בַּשַׂר חֲזִיר. אָמַר לָהֶן שְׁתוּקוּ לֹא אוֹמַר לָכֶם מַה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר אָמַר בּוֹ. מֶרְחָץ שֶׁהוּסְּקָה בְתֶבֶן וּבְקַשׁ שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית מוּתָּר לִרְחוֹץ בָּהּ. אִם מִתְחַשֵּׁב הוּא הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִרְחוֹץ. MISHNAH: One does not buy slaves, real estate, and unclean animals from Sabbatical money114One may only buy food or things necessary to prepare food.. If he bought them, he has to eat their worth115He has to set aside an amount equal to the sum spent on illegitimate expenses and use it for food items.. One does not bring nests116“Nest” is a technical term for a couple of pigeons or turtle doves, prescribed as sacrifice for these cases in Lev. 12:8, 15:14, 15:29. There are other situations when “nests” are required (Lev. 5:7, 14:22) but they are infrequent. for men with gonorrhea, women with discharges, or women who had given birth from Sabbatical money. If he bought them, he has to eat their worth. One does not rub vessels with Sabbatical oil117This is industrial use even if it is necessary to turn the vessel into a finished product ready to be used in cooking or baking.. If he did, he has to eat its worth.
Leather oiled with Sabbatical oil, Rebbi Eliezer said, should be burned, but the Sages say, one has to eat its worth. They said before Rebbi Aqiba: Rebbi Eliezer used to say that leather oiled with Sabbatical oil should be burned. He said to them: be silent! I shall not tell you what Rebbi Eliezer said about this.
They also said before him: Rebbi Eliezer used to say that one who eats Samaritan bread is like one who eats pork. He said to them: be silent! I shall not tell you what Rebbi Eliezer said about this.
One may bathe in a bathhouse heated with Sabbatical straw and chaff. If somebody considers himself an important person, he should not bathe there128Materials unfit as food may be burned without hesitation. But one is afraid that for an important person, the bath attendants will burn fragrant wood or even edibles which cannot legally be burned..
הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת שֶׁאָסוּר לִיקַּח לוֹ אִשָּׁה מִדְּמֵי שְׁבִיעִית. דִּלָכֵן מַה בֵּין הַקּוֹנֶה אִשָּׁה מַה בֵּין הַקּוֹנֶה שִׁפְחָה. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yose said, this means that it is forbidden to acquire a wife with Sabbatical money. For if it is not so, what is the difference between one who acquires a wife and one who acquires a slave girl118A wife must first be acquired by a monetary gift before she can be married to the groom (cf. Peah, Chapter 6, Note 46, Demay Chapter 1, Note 185). Since the biblical term אם יקח איש אשה “if a man takes a wife” means in the rabbinic vocabulary “if a man acquires a wife”, it is inferred (Mishnah Qiddušin Chapter 1) that the rules of acquiring in general can be derived from the rules of acquiring a wife. The fact that the money (or money’s worth) is given to the bride in the case of marriage but to a third party, the seller, in the case of acquisition of slaves and real estate, does not make any difference here since the transfer of bride money is only valid if it would be valid in any other act of acquisition.?
תַּנֵּי שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית אֵין חוֹסְמִין בּוֹ תַּנּוּר וְכִירַייִם וְלֹא סָכִין בּוֹ מִנְעָלִים וְסַנְדָּלִים וְלֹא יִסּוֹךְ אָדָם אֶת רַגְלוֹ וְהוּא בְתוֹךְ מִנְעָלוֹ וְהוּא בְתוֹךְ סַנְדָּלוֹ. אֲבָל סָךְ הוּא אֶת רַגְלוֹ וְנוֹתְנָהּ לְתוֹךְ מִנְעָלוֹ וּלְתוֹךְ סַנְדָּלוֹ. סָךְ שֶׁמֶן וּמִתְעַגֵּל עַל גַּבֵּי קַטַּבֹּלֵיָא וְאֵינוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. לֹא יִתְּנֶנָּהּ לֹא עַל גַּבֵּי טַבֻּלָה שֶׁל שַׁייִשׁ לְהִתְעַגֵּל בָּהּ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַתִּיר. It was stated119Tosephta 6:9–12, in different order.: One may not use Sabbatical oil to caulk120This is the usual definition given by the dictionaries. One also might translate “to finish (to make the vessel workable)”, from the meaning of חסם in Arabic. an oven or a hearth121An oven is a clay vessel in the shape of a frustrum of a cone. The fire is at the bottom, the food to be baked hangs in the opening or clings to the sides. A hearth is a portable (usually double) fire place also made from clay.; one does not use it to rub on shoes and sandals. Nobody should anoint his foot in a shoe or sandal but he may anoint his foot and step into his shoe or his sandal. One may anoint himself and roll on a tarpaulin122Cf. Greek κατάβλημα, τό, “anything let down; tarpaulin; curtain, outer wrapper, etc.” (E. G.). The Gaonic commentary to Kelim 16:4 translates the word by Arabic נֻטע “leather mat used as tablecloth or gaming board, in former times also during executions.” without worry. One should not put it on a marble slab123Latin tabula “slab, table,” cf. Peah Chapter 7, Note 61. Here some oil is lost by necessity. Rabban Gamliel permits gymnastics as legitimate exercise. to roll himself in it, but Rabban Gamliel permits it124According to R. Yose, using Sabbatical oil to oil leather is an unforgivable sin. According to R. Ḥizqiah, it is completely permitted and one does not even set money aside in the value of the oil used. [Maimonides accepts the opinion of R. Ḥizqiah, probably because R. Ḥizqiah precedes R. Yose in time but his opinion is quoted last for emphasis.] R. Aqiba did not want to communicate R. Eliezer’s opinions because they were too lenient..
עוֹר שֶׁסָּכוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן מַה אָמַר בּוֹ רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי עַצְמוֹתָיו שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ יִשְׂרֹפוּ. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אָחָא אָמַר מוּתָּר. What does Rebbi Eliezer say about him who oiled leather? Rebbi Yose said, that man’s bones should be burned. Rebbi Ḥizqiah in the name of Rebbi Aḥa: It is permitted124According to R. Yose, using Sabbatical oil to oil leather is an unforgivable sin. According to R. Ḥizqiah, it is completely permitted and one does not even set money aside in the value of the oil used. [Maimonides accepts the opinion of R. Ḥizqiah, probably because R. Ḥizqiah precedes R. Yose in time but his opinion is quoted last for emphasis.] R. Aqiba did not want to communicate R. Eliezer’s opinions because they were too lenient..
וְעוֹד אָֽמְרוּ לְפָנָיו. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת שֶׁאָסוּר לְחָבֵר לִיקַּח בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל עַם הָאָרֶץ. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אָחָא מַתִּיר הָיָה רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר חֲמֵיצָן שֶׁל כּוּתִּים לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח מִיַּד. “They also said before him.” Rebbi Yose said, this implies that a fellow is forbidden to marry the daughter of a vulgar126For the definition of these terms, see the Introduction to Tractate Demay. Rebbi Yose’s argument is that as the Samaritans, who accept the written Torah but not the oral tradition, while trying to comply with the laws of the Torah will unwittingly transgress many of them, so also the children of the uneducated will not be able to have a kosher household even if they want to. This argument uses the Babylonian definition of “vulgar”!. Rebbi Ḥizqiah in the name of Rebbi Aḥa: Rebbi Eliezer used to permit the leavened matter of a Samaritan immediately after Passover127Since the Samaritans reject the oral law, they will completely eliminate their leavened matter before Passover, rather than sell it to a Gentile. Therefore, after Passover they will have no forbidden leavened matter they would not eat but could try to sell to a Jew..
הָדָא דְתֵימָר בְּאִילֵּין דֵּומֹסִייָא בְּרָם בְּאִילֵּין פְּרִיבָטָה אָסוּר. This means, in public baths129Greek δημόσιος, α, ον “belonging to the public or the state” [e. g., βαλανεῖα “baths”]. Even though straw is animal fodder and as such sanctified in the Sabbatical, the utility of public use overrides the potential abuse of Sabbatical matter., but in private ones130Latin privata(balnea), “private (baths)”. it is forbidden.
אִם מִתְחַשֵּׁב הוּא הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִרְחוֹץ. וְאִם הָיָה אָדָם שֶׁל צוּרָה הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִרְחוֹץ. כְּהָדָא רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אֲזַל מִן לוֹד לְבֵית גֻּבְרִין בְּגִין מִיסְחֵי. “If somebody considers himself an important person, he should not bathe there”. If somebody is an important person, he should not bathe131This is a case where a show of modesty is inappropriate.. For example, Rebbi Joshua ben Levi went from Lod to Bet Gubrin132He was not known in Bet Gubrin which is a day’s walk South of Lod. to bathe.
רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ הֲוָה בְּבוֹצְרָה. חָֽמְתוֹן מְזַלְּפִין לְהָדָא אַפְרוֹדִיטִי אָמַר לוֹן לֵית אֲסִיר. אָתָא שָׁאַל לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוֹצָדָק אֵין דָּבָר שֶׁל רַבִּים אָסוּר. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish was in Bostra. He saw them sprinkling at that Aphrodite132He was not known in Bet Gubrin which is a day’s walk South of Lod.. He said to them, is that not forbidden? He went to ask Rebbi Joḥanan. Rebbi Joḥanan told him in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Yoẓadaq: Nothing public is forbidden.