משנה: הָאִילְפָס וְהַקְּדֵירָה שֶׁהֶעֱבִירָן מְרוּתָּחִין לֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹכָן תַּבְלִין אֲבָל נוֹתֵן הוּא לְתוֹךְ הַקְּעָרָה אוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַתַּמְחוּי. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר לַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן חוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חוֹמֶץ וָצִיר׃ MISHNAH: Into a pan12Greek λοπάς, -άδος, ή. or a pot which was taken off the fire boiling one should not give spices13Nothing fresh can be put into a cooking pot on the Sabbath. Spices can be put into a serving pot which never was on the fire, since they do not need cooking to be seasoning. but one may give them into the bowl or into the tray. Rebbi Jehudah says, one may put them in everything except what contains vinegar or fish sauce14These will actually cook the spices when hot even if not on the fire..
הלכה: מָהוּ לִיתֵּן תַּבְלִין מִלְּמַטָּה וְלַעֲרוֹת עֲלֵיהֶן מִלְּמַעֲלָה. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר. אָסוּר. וְעִירּוּי כְּכֶלִי רִאשׁוֹן הוּא. חֵיילֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹנָה מִן הָדָא. אֶחָד שֶׁבִּישֵּׁל בּוֹ אֶחָד שֶׁעֵירָה לְתוֹכוֹ רוֹתֵחַ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּמָּן כְּלֵי חֶרֶס בּוֹלֵעַ. תַּבְלִין אֵינָן מִתְבַּשְּׁלִין. הָתִיב רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵירִבִּי בּוּן. וְהָתַנֵּי אַף בִּכְלֵי נְחוֹשֶׁת כֵּן. אִית לָךְ לְמֵימַר. כְּלֵי נְחוֹשֶׁת בּוֹלֵעַ. HALAKHAH: May one put spices at the bottom and pour on them from above155Since the Mishnah forbids putting spices in a pot not on a fire but still boiling hot.? Rebbi Jonah said, it is forbidden and pouring confers the status of primary vessel. The force of Rebbi Jonah comes from this156Mishnah Zevaḥim 11:7. Lev. 6:21 precribes that pottery vessels after being used to cook a ḥaṭṭat sacrifice must be broken and metal vessels cleansed and washed. The Mishnah explicitly includes pouring hot water in the biblical definition of “cooking”.: “Both vessels used for cooking or into which it was poured boiling.” Rebbi Yose said, there a pottery vessel absorbs; spices are not cooked157It is generally agreed that pottery must be broken because it absorbs particles from the sacrifice which on the following day become forbidden. Cf. J. Milgrom, Leviticus 1–16, pp. 404–407, New York 1991.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun objected: Did we not state158Sifra Ṣaw, Pereq 7(1). The argument is that Lev. 6:21 reads a passive “a pottery vessel in which something has been cooked”, not “in which one cooked”. This is taken to mean that one cooks in, not by the vessel. In that case, the vessel is really “secondary vessel” since its walls do not transfer heat to the meat being cooked. The only case one can think of is pouring boiling water into the vessel. Since the argument of R. Yose does not work for metal pots, R. Jonah is justified., “the same holds for brass vessels.” Can one say that brass vessels absorb?
מָהוּ לַעֲרוֹת מִן הַקִּילוּחַ. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִלֵּל. מַחֲלוֹקֶת רִבִּי יוֹנָה וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. רִבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר גּוּפְתָא בְעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. עָשָׂה כֵן בַּשַּׁבָּת חַייָב מִשּׁוּם מְבַשּׁל. עָשָׂה כֵן בְּבָשָׂר בְּחָלָב חַייָב משּׁוּם מְבַשּׁל. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כַּיי דָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. וְאֵי זֶהוּ חָלוּט בָּרוּר. כָּל שֶׁהָאוּר מְהַלֵּךְ תַּחְתָּיו. וָכָא אֵי זֶהוּ תַבְשִׁיל בָּרוּר. כָּל שֶׁהָאוּר מְהַלֵּךְ תַּחְתָּיו. Can one pour in from a stream159If boiling water was poured in a stream coming from a vessel much higher than the receiving one, do we say that the water in the receiving pot certainly is no longer boiling?? Rebbi Ḥanina, the son of Rebbi Hillel, said, the disagreement of Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Yose. Rebbi Isaac bar Gufta asked before Rebbi Mana: If he did this on the Sabbath, is he guilty because of cooking? If he did this with meat and milk160The prohibition of combining milk and meat together is given three times (Ex.23:19, 34:26, Deut. 14:21) with emphasis on cooking., is he guilty because of cooking? He said to him, parallel to what Rebbi Zeˋira said, what is certainly a dumpling161Small pieces of dough cooked in boiling water.? Only if fire burned underneath it. So here also, what is certainly162Pouring hot water over food on the Sabbath or pouring boiling milk over meat not over the fire are rabbinical prohibitions. a cooked dish? Only if fire burned underneath it.
רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר. לַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן. חוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חוֹמֶץ וָצִיר׃ עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה. מֶלַח בְּצִיר. יַיִן בְּחוֹמֶץ. “Rebbi Jehudah says, one may put them in everything except what contains vinegar or fish sauce14These will actually cook the spices when hot even if not on the fire..” In the opinion of Rebbi Jehudah, salt is like163The translation follows G and מ. fish sauce and wine164Since the Mishnah here and Maˋserot 1:7 show that R. Jehudah holds that fish sauce and wine cure and, therefore, act as if cooking. Cf. Babli 42b. like vinegar.