משנה: הַזּוֹרֵק בַּיָּם אַרְבַּץ אַמּוֹת פָּטוּר. אִם הָיָה רְקָק מַיִם וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מְהַלֶּכֶת בּוֹ הַזּוֹרֵק בְּתוֹכוֹ אַרְבַּץ אַמּוֹת חַייָב. וְכַמָּה הוּא רְקָק מַיִם פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. רְקָק מַיִם וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מְהַלֶּכֶת בּוֹ הַזּוֹרֵק בְּתוֹכוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת חַייָב: MISHNAH: One who throws four cubits in the ocean is not liable15Since the sea is karmelit (Chapter 1, Note 151).. If there was a shallow spot in the water and a public thoroughfare passed through it, one who throws four cubits into it is liable16A ford used by travellers on a public road is part of the road and public domain.. What is a shallow spot in the water? Less than ten hand-breadths. Shallow water17Not in the ocean. This statement seems to describe the original practice; the statement about a ford in the ocean is a consequence. and a public thoroughfare passed through it: one who throws four cubits in it is liable.
הלכה: ד׳. לֹא סוֹף דָּבָר אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בַּיָּם. אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ זָרַק בְּכָל־הַיָּם פָּטוּר. שֶׁכָּל־הַיָּם נִקְרָא כַרְמְלִית. HALAKHAH: 485Here starts discussion of Mishnah 5.. Not only four cubits in the sea, but even if he threw across the entire sea he is not liable, since any sea is called karmelit.
וְלָמָּה תְנִינָתָהּ תְּרֵין זִימְנִין. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי פִינְחָס. בְּשֶׁהָיוּ שְׁנֵי רְקָקִים. אֶחָד הָרַבִּים מְהַלְּכִין בּוֹ וְאֶחָד אֵין הָרַבִּים מְהַלְּכִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא כְשֶׁהֵן נִדְחָקִין. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר. הוֹאִיל וְאֵין הָרַבִּים מְהַלְּכִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא כְשֶׁהֵן נִדְחָקִין אֵינוֹ רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אֶלָּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. לְפוּם כֵן צָרַךְ מֵימַר. רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הוּא. And why was it stated twice86Where is the need for the wordiness of the Mishnah and the repetitous treatment of shallows? A different answer, referring to river fords, in the Babli 100b.? Rebbi Ḥananiah in the name of Rebbi Phineas, if there were two shallows, one which was used as a thoroughfare and one used by the public only in case of emergency. That you should not say, since the public are using it only in case of emergency it is not public domain but private domain87Clearly this should be “karmelit”., therefore it was necessary to say that it is public domain.