משנה: שׁוֹפָר שֶׁל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁל יָעֵל פָּשׁוּט וּפִיו מְצוּפֶּה זָהָב וּשְׁתֵּי חֲצוֹצְרוֹת מִן הַצְּדָדִין. שׁוֹפָר מַאֲרִיךְ וַחֲצוֹצְרוֹת מְקַצְּרוֹת שֶׁמִּצְוַת הַיּוֹם בַּשּׁוֹפָר: MISHNAH: The shofar of New Year’s Day37In the Temple; at all other places the shofar has no mouthpiece and is not accompanied by trumpets. is a straight one from a mountain goat, around its mouthpiece covered with gold, and two trumpets by its sides. The shofar is long and the trumpets short38The trumpets give a short introductory sound, followed by the full sequence of the prescribed shofar sounds. because the obligation of the day is by the shofar.
הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה. כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְשְׁטוּ לִבָּם בִּתְשׁוּבָה. HALAKHAH: 45Discussion of the second half of Mishnah 2 which in the separate Mishnah mss. is a separate Mishnah or is combined as one with the following Mishnah 3. Rebbi Jonah said, so they should straighten out their thoughts in repentance46Aggadic explanation why the shofar has to be straight. Babli 26b..
פִּיו מְצוּפֶּה זָהָב. צִּיפָּהוּ זָהָב מִבִּפְנִים פָּסוּל. מִבַּחוּץ כָּשֵׁר. צִּיפָּהוּ מְקוֹם הַנָּחַת פִּיו אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה קוֹלוֹ עָבֶה מַחְמַת הַצִּיפּוּי פָּסוּל. “Around its mouthpiece covered with gold.” If it was gilded inside it is disqualified, outside it is qualified. If he gilded it at the mouthpiece or if its sound became heavy because of the gilding it is disqualified47Babli 27a..
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. הָדָא אָֽמְרָה. פְּשׁוּטָה שֶׁשָּׁמַע מִקְצָתָהּ מִן הַמִּתְעַסֵּק [לֹא] יָצָא. וְהֵיי דָא אָֽמְרָה דָא. תָּקַע בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּמָשַׁךְ בַּשְּׁנִייָה כִשְׁתַּיִם אֵין בְּיָדוֹ אֶלָּא אֶחָת. רִבִּי אַבָּא בַּר זְמִינָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעוּרָה. אֲפִילוּ אַחַת אֵין בְיָדוֹ. לָמָּה. רֹאשָׁהּ גַּבֵּי סוֹפָהּ מִצְטָרֵף וְסוֹפָהּ גַּבֵּי רֹאשָׁהּ מִצְטָרֵף. לֹא רֹאשָׁהּ אִית לָהּ סוֹף וְלֹא סוֹפָהּ אִית לָהּ רֹאשׁ. Rebbi Yose said, this implies that one who heard part of a straight sound from one who was practicing did [not]48Corrector’s addition, to be deleted. fulfill his obligation49It is stated in Mishnah 4:10 that one who heard the shofar from a person practicing, i. e., not intending to blow in fulfillment of a biblical command either for himself or for others, did not fulfill his obligation. Now the Mishnah does not say that in the Temple the trumpets blow alone to alert people to listen to the coming shofar sounds, but they blow a short sound, implying that the person who blows the shofar started with them and then continues alone. By necessity what he blows is the straight sound with which any shofar sequence starts, and the sound which is mixed with the sound of trumpets cannot be counted as fulfilling the commandment to listen to the shofar on New Year’s Day. Since it is clear that no commandment could have been satisfied if the trumpets had sounded all the time the straight shofar sound was produced, the sound produced during the trumpet blowing may well be compared to a sound produced by a person practicing his shofar blowing.. And where is this said? “If he blew straight for the first set and continued a double length for the second he has only one in his hand.50Mishnah 4:11. The minimum prescribed sounds are three sets of first a straight sound, then a modulated sound, followed by a straight sound, of approximately equal durations. If there is no interruption between the final straight sound of one set and the starting one of the next, there is only one straight sound. The double duration does not make it two sounds. Instead of having two sets: monotone, modulated, monotone; monotone, modulated, monotone, one has monotone, modulated, monotone, modulated, monotone, which does not correspond to any prescribed sequence.” Rebbi Abba bar Zamina in the name of Rebbi Ze`ira: Not even one is in his hand. Why? The beginning combines with the end and the end combines with the beginning. The first part has no end and the second part has no beginning51When Mishnah 4:11 states that “he has only one in his hand,” this means one monotone sound; it does not imply one set of the required sequence..