Jerusalem Talmud Rosh Hashanah 3:10

משנה: חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא אֶת הָרַבִּים יְדֵי חוֹבָתָן. זֶה הַכְּלָל כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַייָב בַּדָּבָר אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא אֶת הָרַבִּים יְדֵי חוֹבָתָן: MISHNAH: A deaf-and-dumb person, an insane person, or a minor, may not free the public from their obligation¹²³If anybody hears the shofar blown by a person not obligated has not fulfilled his obligation of hearing the sound of the shofar. The three categories mentioned here are those of males not under any religious obligation. The deaf-and-dumb because he has no connection with civilization and therefore cannot learn his obligations. Therefore a deaf-and-dumb person trained in sign language no longer is legally deaf-and-dumb. The insane cannot be responsible for anything. The minor is his parent’s obligation, not his own, until he reaches adulthood, fixed at 13 years and 1 day.. This is the principle: Anybody not obligated for something¹²⁴For example women, who are exempted from all religious obligations tied to a fixed date. may not free the public from their obligation.

הלכה: תַּנֵּי. אֲבָל אָ‍ֽמְרוּ. אִשָּׁה מְבָרֶכֶת לְבַעֲלָהּ. עֶבֶד לְרַבּוֹ (בֶּן) [קָטָן] לְאָבִיו. [נִיחָא אִשָּׁה מְבָרֶכֶת לְבַעֲלָהּ. עֶבֶד לְרַבּוֹ. קָטָן לְאָבִיו] לֹא כֵן אָמַר רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵה בֶן נְהוֹרַיי. כָּל־שֶׁאָ‍ֽמְרוּ בְקָטָן כְּדֵי לְחַנְּכוֹ. תִּיפְתָּר בְּעוֹנֶה אַחֲרֵיהֶן (אָמֵן). כַּהִיא דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. מִי שֶׁהָיָה עֶבֶד אוֹ אִשָּׁה אוֹ קָטָן מַקְרִים אוֹתוֹ וְעוֹנֶה אַחֲרֵיהֶם מַה שֶּׁהֵם אוֹמְרִים וּתְהֵא לוֹ מְאֵירָה. תָּבוֹא מְאֵירָה לְבֵן עֶשְׂרִים שְׁצָרִיךְ לְבֵן עֶשֶׂר. HALAKHAH: ¹²⁵This Halakhah is copied from Sukkah 3:9:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sukkah.3.9.2">Sukkah3:11, Notes 110–113. Its origin is Berakhot 3:3:11" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Berakhot.3.3.11">Berakhot3:3, Notes 153–157. It is stated: ¹²⁶Babli 38a, Berakhot.20b">Berakhot20b; Tosephta Berakhot5:11.“In truth, they said a woman may say Grace for her husband, a slave for his master, and a (son) [minor]¹²⁷Texts of (scribe) and [corrector]. for his father. [One understands a woman for her husband, a slave for his master. A minor for his father?]¹²⁸Corrector’s addition from the parallels. Did not Rebbi Aḥa say in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Nahorai: All they said about a minor is for the latter’s education? Explain it that he recites after him (Amen), as we stated there: “A person to whom a slave, or a woman, or a minor, read for him, repeats after them what they say, and it should be a curse for him.” There should be a curse on the man of twenty years who needs the child of ten.