Jerusalem Talmud Rosh Hashanah 2:3

משנה: חָצֵר גְּדוֹלָה הָ‍ֽיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלִַם וּבֵית יַעְזֵק הָ‍ֽיְתָה נִקְרֵאת וּלְשָׁם כָּל־הָעֵדִים מִתְכַּנְּסִין וּבֵית דִּין בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתָן שָׁם. וּסְעוּדוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין לָהֶן בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיְּהוּ רְגִילִין לָבוֹא. בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה לֹא הָיוּ זָזִין מִשָּׁם כָּל־הַיּוֹם. הִתְקִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁיְּהוּ מְהַלְּכִין אַלְפַּייִם אַמָּה לְכָל־רוּחַ. וְלֹא אֵילּוּ בִלְבַד אֶלָּא אַף חֲכָמָה הַבָּאָה לְייַלֵּד וְהַבָּא לְהַצִּיל מִיָּד הַדְּלֵיקָה וּמִיָּד הַגַּיִיס מִיַּד הַמַּפּוֹלֶת הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ כְּאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן אַלְפַּיִים אַמָּה לְכָל־רוּחַ: MISHNAH: A large courtyard was in Jerusalem called Bet Ya`zeq; there all witnesses assembled and there the Court examined them. A big meal one prepared for them⁶⁰For witnesses who came on a Sabbath. so they should get used to come.
Originally they did not move from there the entire day⁶²If they came from outside the Sabbath boundary. Since they left their own Sabbath domain, according to the later authorities Rabban Gamliel (the younger) and R. Eleazar ben Azariah they may move in the courtyard which they entered with permission or according to R. Joshua and R. Aqiba only within 4 cubits. Eruvin 4:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Eruvin.4.1.1">Mishnah Eruvin 4:1.. The Elder Rabban Gamliel⁶³The grandfather of Rabban Gamliel of Jabneh (the younger). Since the eruv restrictions are rabbinic, they can be modified by rabbinic decree. (The biblical Sabbath domain has a diameter of 12 mil; Eruvin 3:4:5" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Eruvin.3.4.5">Eruvin Chapter 3, Notes 134–136.) instituted that they could walk 2’000 cubits in every direction⁶⁴Which means that they can move in the entire city which is counted as 4 cubits, and outside another 1996 cubits.. Not only these but also the midwife who comes to assist in a birth⁶⁵And she leaves her Sabbath domain to help., and one who comes to save from a fire, and from the army⁶⁶A unit of the Roman army, used to steal anything not hidden away., and from a collapse⁶⁸A building collapse., are like the people of the town and have 2’000 cubits in every direction.

הלכה: חָצֵר גְּדוֹלָה הָ‍ֽיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּבֵית יַעְזֵק הָ‍ֽיְתָה נִקְרֵאת. מָהוּ בֵית יַעְזֵק. שֶׁשָּׁם הָיוּ עוֹזְקִין אֶת הָהֲלָכָה. כְּמַה דְאַתְּ אָמַר וַיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וגו׳. HALAKHAH: “A large courtyard was in Jerusalem called Bet Ya`zeq.” What is Bet Ya`zeq? There practice was hoed, as you say⁶¹Isaiah.5.2">Is. 5:2. Cf. Babli 23b., he hoed it and removed its stones.

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה לֹא הָיוּ זָזִין מִשָּׁם כָּל־הַיּוֹם. חָ‍ֽזְרוּ וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָם כְּכֶלִי שֶׁבָּא חוּץ לִתְחוּם מִשֶּׁחֲשֵׁיכָה שֶׁמּוּתָּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ בְתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. חָ‍ֽזְרוּ וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָם כְּכֶלִים שֶׁשָּׁ‍ֽבְתוּ בֶחָצֵר שֶׁמּוּתָּר לְטַלְטְלָן בֶחָצֵר. עַד שֶׁבָּא רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן וְהִתְקִין שֶׁיְּהוּ מְהַלְּכִין אַלְפַּייִם אַמָּה לְכָל־רוּחַ. תַּנֵּי. אַף בָּא לַמּוּל אֶת הַקָּטָן כֵּן. מַתְנִיתָא דְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. כּוֹרְתִין עֵצִים לַעֲשׂוֹת פֶּיחָמִין לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּרְזֶל. “Originally they did not move from there the entire day.” They changed⁶⁹This implies that at the very beginning of the Second Temple witnesses who came on a Sabbath could not move at all after testifying. and made them like a vessel which was brought from outside the Sabbath domain after nightfall which one is permitted to move within four cubits. They changed and made them like vessels which started Sabbath in a courtyard which one is permitted to move within the courtyard⁷⁰And without an eruv cannot be taken out of the courtyard., until the elder Rabban Gamliel came and instituted that they could walk 2’000 cubits in every direction. It was stated, this also applies to one who comes to circumcise a baby⁷¹If nobody at the place is able to perform the circumcision and the baby has to be circumcised on the Sabbath by biblical decree, the circumciser comes from outside the Sabbath domain with permission and therefore is included in Rabban Gamliel’s decree.. The baraita follows Rebbi Eliezer, since we have stated there⁷²Shabbat 19:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.19.1.1">Mishnah Šabbat 19:1., “in addition, Rebbi Eliezar said, one cuts down trees to make charcoal to make iron⁷³Since R. Eliezer permits all preparation to be made on the Sabbath, including manufacturing the knife, he must permit the circumciser to come from outside the Sabbath domain and carry his surgical instruments with him..”