משנה: אֵלּוּ הֵן הַפְּסוּלִין הַמְשַׂחֵק בַּקּוּבְיָא וְהַמַּלְוֶה בָרִיבִּית וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים וְסוֹחֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִית וַעֲבָדִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל־עֵדוּת שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה כְּשֵׁירָה לָהּ אַף הֵן אֵינָן כְּשֵׁירִין׃ MISHNAH: The following are disqualified296These are disqualified by rabbinic standards, Sanhedrin 3:6" href="/Mishnah_Sanhedrin.3.6">Mishnah Sanhedrin3:6, Notes 44–50. By biblical standards, only close relatives and criminals are disqualified.: The dice-player, the lender on interest, participants in pigeon contests, dealers in sabbatical produce, and slaves. This is the principle: any testimony for which a woman is not qualified297In criminal cases and civil cases decided by judicial ruling, not arbitration., they are not qualified.
הלכה: אֵילּוּ הֵם הַפְּסוּלִין. הַמְשַׂחֵק בַּקּוּבְייָא. זֶה הַמְשַׂחֵק בִּפְסֵיפָסִין. אֶחָד הַמְשַׂחֵק בִּפְסֵיפָסִין וְאֶחָד הַמְשַׂחֵק בִּקְלִיפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים וְרִימוֹנִים. מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתוֹ. מִשֶּׁיְּשְׁבּוֹר אֶת פְּסֵיפָסָיו וְיִבָּדֵק וְיַחֲזוֹר בּוֹ חֲזָרָה גְמוּרָה. HALAKHAH: “The following are disqualified.” 298Parallels are found in Sanhedrin 3:5:2-5" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sanhedrin.3.5.2-5">Sanhedrin3:6 Notes 51–68 and Ševuot 7:4. The dice player is the one who plays with small stones299Greek ψη̅φος “pebble, cube; the stones used for mosaics and tokens used in elections.” Rashi defines as “marbles”.. 300Similar texts are in Sanhedrin.25b">Sanhedrin, Babli 25b, Tosephta 5:2.“Not only the player with stones, even one who plays with shells of nuts or pomegranates. When is he accepted? After he breaks his stones, and is checked out, and repents in complete repentance.”
מַלְוֶה בָרִיבִּית. זֶה שֶׁהוּא מַלְוֶה בָרִיבִּית. מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתָם. מִשֶּׁיִּקְרַע אֶת שְׁטָרוֹתָיו וְיִבָּדֵק וְיַחֲזוֹר חֲזָרָה גְמוּרָה. “The lender on interest.” This is one who lends on interest301Who takes interest from Jewish borrowers.. “When is he accepted? After he tears up his IOU’s, and is checked out, and repents in complete repentance.”300Similar texts are in Sanhedrin.25b">Sanhedrin, Babli 25b, Tosephta 5:2.
מַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים. זֶה שֶׁהוּא מַמְרֶה יוֹנִים. אֶחָד מַמְרֶה יוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מַמְרֶה שְׁאָר בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף. מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתוֹ. מִשֶּׁיִּשְׁבּוֹר אֶת פְּגִימָיו וְיִבָּדֵק וְיַחְזוֹר בּוֹ חֲזָרָה גְמוּרָה. “Participants in pigeon contests.302Organizing pigeon contests is not dishonest, but making a living by betting on animal contests would be impossible for honest betters.” This is one who bets on pigeons. Whether one bets on pigeons or bets on any other domesticated animal, wild animal, or bird. “When is he accepted? After he tears up his tools of the catch, and is checked out, and repents in complete repentance.”300Similar texts are in Sanhedrin.25b">Sanhedrin, Babli 25b, Tosephta 5:2.
סוֹחֲרֵי שְׁבִיעִית. זֶה תַגָּר שְׁבִיעִית. אֵי זֶהוּ סוֹחֵר שְׁבִיעִית. זֶה שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב וּבָטֵל כָּל־שְׁנֵי שָׁבוּעַ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעָה שְׁבִיעִית הִתְחִיל מְפַשֵּׁיט אֶת יָדָיו וְנוֹשֵׂא וְנוֹתֵן בְּפֵירוֹת עֲבֵירָה. מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתוֹ. מִשֶּׁתַּגִּיעַ שְׁבִיעִית אֲחֶרֶת וְיִבָּדֵק וְיַחְזוֹר בּוֹ חֲזָרָה גְמוּרָה. תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר. שְׁנֵי שְׁבִיעִיּוֹת. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי נְחֶמְיָה. חֲזִירַת מָמוֹן לֹא חֲזִירַת דְּבָרִים. וְיֹאמַר. הֵא לָכֶם מָאתַיִם זוּז וְחִלְּקוּם לָעֲנִייִם מַה שֶׁנִּשְׂתַּכַּרְתִּי מִפֵּירוֹת עֲבֵירָה. הוֹסִיפוּ עֲלֵיהֶן הָרוֹעִים וְהַחַמְסָנִים וְהַגַּזְלָנִים וְכָל־הַחֲשׁוּדִין עַל הַמָּמוֹן עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵילָה. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. וּבִלְבַד בְּרוֹעִים בְּהֵמָה דַקָּה. “Dealers in sabbatical produce.” 300Similar texts are in Sanhedrin.25b">Sanhedrin, Babli 25b, Tosephta 5:2.“Who is a dealer in sabbatical produce? One who sits idle all the years of a sabbatical cycle. As soon as the sabbatical year starts, be becomes active and trades in forbidden produce. One does not accept them before another sabbatical year starts and he can be checked out that he repented in complete repentance.” It was stated: Rebbi Yose says, two sabbatical periods. 300Similar texts are in Sanhedrin.25b">Sanhedrin, Babli 25b, Tosephta 5:2.“Rebbi Nehemiah says, repentance in money, not repentance in words; that he say to them, here are 200If it is a matter of dates, why is it mentioned that it was an etrog? denars, distribute them to the poor, for I earned them from forbidden produce.” 303A similar text in the Sanhedrin.25b">Babli, Sanhedrin 25b. They added shepherds, extortioners, and any who are suspect in money matters, that their testimony be invalid. Rebbi Abbahu said, only shepherds of small animals304Sheep and goats which are destructive of vegetation in agricultural areas. Herders of sheep and goats are acceptable only in regions devoid of agriculture. The Babli notes that robbers and other felons are excluded by biblical law (Exodus.23.2">Ex.23:2). It concludes that Mishnah and baraitot refer to actions classified as extortion or robbery only by rabbinical standards..
אָמַר רַב חוּנָא. מָאן תַּנָּא מַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. שְׁנַיִם בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. יוֹצָא הִיא אִשָּׁה בְּעִיר שֶׁלְזָהָב. וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים פְּסוּלִין מִן הָעֵדוּת. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. כָּל־הַהִיא דְסַנְהֶדְרִין כְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. אָמַר לֵיהּ. דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא. מָהוּ דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא. הָכָא אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. יוֹדְעִין אָנוּ שֶׁהוּא פָסוּל מֵעֵידוּת מָמוֹן. מַה בָא לְהָעִיד. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא פָסוּל מֵעֵדוּת מָמוֹן כָּךְ הוּא פָּסוּל מֵעֵדוּת נְפָשׁוֹת. וְעֵידֵי הַחוֹדֶשׁ כְּעֵידֵי נְפָשׁוֹת אִינּוּן. וְהָא תַנֵּי. זֶה הַכְּלָל. כָּל־עֵדוּת שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה כְשֵׁירָה לָהּ אַף הֵן אֵינָן כְּשֵׁירִין לָהּ. מָאן תַּנִּיתָהּ. רַבָּנִן. רַבָּנִן כְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. מוֹדֵיי לֵיהּ פְלִיגִין עֲלוֹיי. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רַב חוּנָה. כּולְּהֹן דְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. אַתְייָן אִילֵּין פּלוּגְווָתָה כְאִילֵּין פּלוּגְווָתָה. דְּתַנֵּי. עֵד זוֹמֵם פָּסוּל בְּכָל־עֵדוּת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה. דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. אֵימָתַי. בִּזְמַן שֶׁנִּמְצָא זוֹמֵם בְּעֵדוּת נְפָשׁוֹת. אֲבָל אִם נִמְצָא זוֹמֵם בְּעֵדוּת מָמוֹן. עַל הַמָּמוֹן נֶחֱשַׁד וּמִמָּמוֹן נִפְסָל. וְאַתְייָא דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי כְרַבָּנִן וּדְרִבִּי מֵאִיר כְּרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. Rav Huna said: Who is the Tanna of “participants in pigeon contests”? Rebbi Eliezer, as we have stated there305Eduyot 2:7" href="/Mishnah_Eduyot.2.7">Mishnah Idiut2:7, formulated as testimony in R. Aqiba’s court in the name of R. Eliezer.: “Two in the name of Rebbi Eliezer. A woman may go out with a city of gold306On the Sabbath a woman may go into the public domain wearing a golden diadem depicting the walls of a city. This is classified as jewelery which is standard clothing for a woman., and participants in pigeon contests are disqualified from testimony.” Rebbi Mana said before Rebbi Yose: Is the entire statement in Sanhedrin Rebbi Eliezer’s307If Sanhedrin 3:5:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Sanhedrin.3.5.1">Mishnah Sanhedrin3:6 represents a minority opinion, it should have been labelled as such.? He told him, it is everybody’s opinion. What means “it is everybody’s opinion”? 308Here starts the discussion of the Mishnah in Roš Haššanah… So said Rebbi Yose: We knew that he was disqualified for testimony in money matters. What does he309One of the witnesses mentioned in the Mishnah Roš Haššanah. come to testify about? For as he is disqualified in money matters, so he is disqualified to testify in criminal trials. The witnesses for the New Moon are held to the standards of criminal trials, as we have stated: “any testimony for which a woman is not qualified, they are not qualified.” Who stated this? The rabbis310Since the Mishnah is anonymous.! Do the rabbis follow Rebbi Eliezer? They agree with him and disagree with him. Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rav Huna: It follows Rebbi Eliezer in everything. It turns out that this disagreement311R. Eliezer and the rabbis, R. Meïr and R. Yose (the Tanna). parallels another disagreement, as it was stated312Makkot 1:6" href="/Tosefta_Makkot.1.6">Tosephta Makkot1:11, in the name of R. Jehudah (student of R. Eliezer’s student.): “A perjured witness is disqualified for any and all testimony required by the Torah, the words of Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Yose said, when? If he was found perjured in criminal matters. But if he was found perjured in money matters, he is suspect in money matters and disqualified in money matters.” It turns out that Rebbi Yose parallels the rabbis and Rebbi Meïr Rebbi Eliezer.