Jerusalem Talmud Pesachim 9:2

משנה: וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא דֶרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלַחוּץ וּכְמִידָּתָהּ לְכָל רוּחַ דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר מֵאַסְקוּפַּת עֲזָרָה וְלַחוּץ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לְפִיכָךְ נָקוּד עַל הֵ׳א לוֹמַר לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרְחוֹקָה וַדַּאי אֶלָּא מֵאַסְקוּפַּת הָעֲזָרָה וְלַחוּץ׃ MISHNAH: What is a far-away trip³¹That a person being there on the 14^th of Nisan be obligated for Second Pesaḥ.? From Modiˋin³²In the foothills West of Jerusalem. and farther away, and the same distance in every direction, the words of Rebbi Aqiba. Rebbi Eliezer says, outside the doorstep of the Temple Courtyard. Rebbi Yose said, therefore there is a dot on the ה³³The masoretic text is רחקה̇, using the technique that instead of deleting letters one makes dots over them. to indicate not that it be really far but outside the doorstep of the Temple Courtyard.

הלכה: רִבִּי סִימוֹן אָמַר. אִתְפַּלְּגוֹן רִבִּי חִייָה רַבְּה וּבַר קַפָּרָא. חַד אָמַר. כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבוֹא וְיֹאכַל. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבוֹא וְיִזְרוֹק. וַאֲפִילוּ כְמָאן דְּאָמַר. כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבוֹא וְיֹאכַל. וְהוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא בְתוֹךְ אַלְפַּיִים לִתְחוּם עַד שֶׁלֹּא חֲשֵׁיכָה. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעוּרָה. וְתַנֵּיי תַּמָּן. הָיָה נָתוּן מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלִפְנִים וְרַגְלָיו רָעוֹת. יָכוֹל יְהֵא חַייָב. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְחָדַל֙. יָצָא זֶה שֶׁלֹּא חָדָל. הָיָה נָתוּן מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלַחוּץ וְהַסּוּס בְּיָדוֹ. יָכוֹל יְהֵא חַייָב. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ לֹֽא־הָיָ֗ה. יָצָא זֶה שֶׁהָיָה בַדֶּרֶךְ. הָיָה נָתוּן מִן הַמּוֹדִיעִית וְלִפְנִים קוֹדֶם לְשֵׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת. יָצָא לוֹ קוֹדֶם לְשֵׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת. יָכוֹל יְהֵא חַייָב. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְחָדַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת. הֶחָדֵל בִּשְׁעַת עֲשִׂייָה חַייָב. שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת עֲשִׂייָה פָטוּר. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Simeon said, the Great Rebbi Ḥiyya and bar Qappara disagreed. One said, that he could come and eat³⁴A person is not ”far away” to be absolved from participating in the First Pesaḥ if he can reach the walled city of Jerusalem in time for the eating of the Pesaḥ, i. e., between nightfall and midnight.; the other one said that he could come and pour³⁵He must be there at the time of pouring the blood at the altar walls, in the late afternoon.. And even following him who said, that he could come and eat; on condition that he be within the two thousand cubits of the [Sabbath] domain before nightfall³⁶Since on the holiday he is not permitted to walk more than 2’000 cubits from the place at which he started the holiday, it is clear that nobody farther than 2’000 cubits from Jerusalem at sundown can participate.. Rebbi Zeˋira said, there³⁷In Babylonia. In the text of the extracts from the Yerushalmi in Yalqut Šimony published by L. Ginzberg in his Genizah Fragments (p. 321): “Tannaim state.” they stated, if he happened to be closer than Modiˋin but his feet were bad, I could think that he be liable, the verse said, he refrained³⁸Num. 9:13., this excludes one who did not refrain. If he happened to be farther than Modiˋin but had a horse at his disposal, I could think that he be liable, the verse said, and he was not on a trip, this excludes this one who was on a trip. If he happened to be closer than Modiˋin before noontime but left before noontime, I could think that he be liable, the verse said, he refrained from doing, he who refrains at the time of doing is liable, not at the time of doing is not liable.

רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שְׁנֵיהֶן מִקְרָא אֶחָד הֵן דּוֹרְשִׁין. שָׁם שָׁם. חַד אָמַר חוץ לַעֲשִׂייָתוֹ. וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר. חוּץ לִמְחִיצָתוֹ. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: Both of them³⁹R. Aqiba and R. Eliezer, quoted in the Mishnah. explained the same verse, there, there⁴⁰It is said about the Pesaḥ (Deut. 16:6) there you shall slaughter the Pesaḥ in the evening, and it is said about Second Tithe (Deut. 14:22): you shall eat before the Eternal, your God, at the place which He will select to have His Name dwell there. Both Pesaḥ and Second Tithe have to be eaten at the place of the Sanctuary, and Tithe has to be accompanied by a sacrifice of appearance. Therefore “there” may be interpreted either as place of the sacrifice, in this case the Temple, or the place of consumption, Jerusalem, with the corresponding meaning of “far away”.. One said, away from doing it, but the other one said, away from its enclosure.

חֲבֵרַייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וְהָאִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁר־ה֨וּא טָה֜וֹר וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ לֹֽא־הָיָ֗ה. יָצָא זֶה שֶׁהָיָה בַדֶּרֶךְ. רִבִּי זְעוּרָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כְּשֶׁהוּא מַזְהִיר הוּא מַזְכִּיר רְחוֹקָה. כְּשֶׁהוּא עוֹנֵשׁ אֵינוֹ מַזְכִּיר רְחוֹקָה. וְרַבָּנִן אָֽמְרֵי. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַכְּתָב רָבָה עַל הַנְּקוּדָה. אַתְּ דּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הַכְּתָב וּמְסַלֵּק אֶת הַנְּקוּדָה. וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁהַנְּקוּדָה רָבָה עַל הַכְּתָב. אַתְּ דּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הַנְּקוּדָה וּמְסַלֵּק אֶת הַכְּתָב. אָמַר רִבִּי. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא נְקוּדָה אַחַת מִלְּמַעֲלָן אַתְּ דּוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הַנְּקוּדָה וּמְסַלֵּק אֶת הַכְּתָב. הֵ״א שֶׁבִּרְחוֹקָה נָקוּד. אִישׁ רָחוֹק. וְאֵין דֶּרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה. The colleagues in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: But the man who is pure and was not on the road³⁸Num. 9:13., this excludes the one on the road. Rebbi Zeˋira in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: when He warned, He mentioned far away, when He punishes He does not mention “far away”⁴¹“Far away” is mentioned in Num. 9:9, where the Second Pesaḥ is defined, but missing in 9:13 where omission of both Pesaḥim is declared to be a deadly sin.. But the rabbis are saying, in case that the letters are more than what is dotted, one explains the letters and disregards what is dotted; in case that the dotted is more than the letters, one explains the dotted and disregards the letter⁴²As in Gen. 18:9 where א֗לי֗ו֗ is read as איו “where?”. Rebbi⁴²As in Gen. 18:9 where א֗לי֗ו֗ is read as איו “where?” said, even though that in this case there is only one letter dotted on top, one explains the dotted and disregards the letters. The he in רחוקה is dotted: the man is far away, not the road far away.