משנה: כֶּרֶם שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת רִבִּי אֱלִעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת וְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר לָעֲנִייִם. אָמַר רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר כִּי תִבְצוֹר לֹא תְעוֹלֵל אִם אֵין בָּצִיר מְנַיִין עוֹלֵלוֹת אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל אֲפִילוּ כּוּלּוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר כִּי תִבְצוֹר לֹא תְעוֹלֵל אֵין לָעֲנִייִם בְּעוֹלֵלוֹת קוֹדֶם לְבָצִיר. MISHNAH: A vineyard that produces only gleanings, Rebbi Eliezer says, they are for the proprietor, Rebbi Aqiba says, for the poor. Rebbi Eliezer said (Deuteronomy.24.21">Deut. 24:21): “When you gather your grapes … do not take the gleanings after it.” If there is no vintage, where are the gleanings? Rebbi Aqiba told him (Leviticus.19.10">Lev. 19:10): “Do not take gleanings from your vineyard,” even if it is all gleanings. If that is so, why does it say “when you gather your grapes … do not take the gleanings after it;” the poor have no right to the gleanings146Nor to enter the vineyard before the time of the harvest. The grapes might still grow to sit one row on top of the other so that at harvest time they are no longer gleanings. before the vintage.
הלכה: וְדִכְווָתָהּ אִם אֵין בָּצִיר אֵין פֶּרֶט עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָּצִיר בְּצַד הַבָּצִיר. אֲכָלָתָן חַיָּה לֹא. HALAKHAH: Similarly, if there is no harvest there are no single berries147Following R. Eliezer. Since in Leviticus.19.10">Lev. 19:10, gleaning and single berries are mentioned in one verse, they must follow the same rules., until there should be vintage148When the proprietor gathers, the poor can have their grape gathering from the gleanings. However, if animals ate all grape bunches before the harvest, R. Eliezer declares the gleanings to belong to the proprietor. along vintage, not if a wild animal ate it.
וְכַמָּה הוּא בָּצִיר דְּבֵית שִׁילָא אָֽמְרֵי שְׁלֹשָׁה אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת שֶׁהֵן עוֹשִׂין רְבִיעַ. How much is a vintage? In the school of Shila149An Amora of the first generation in Nahardea who already had his school when Rav returned from Galilee. In the Babli, he usually is given the title Rav, which however is an anachronistic usage by later generations. they said, three bunches that make a quarter150A quarter of a log, about 3.8 fl. oz. or 133 cm3; cf. Berakhot p. 296. [Note 164] of wine.
וְהָא רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה מְקַייֵם תְּרֵי קְרָאֵי. וּמָה דְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְאֵין לָעֲנִייִם בְּעוֹלֵלוֹת קוֹדֶם לְבָצִיר יִזְכֶּה בָהֶן בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לְפוּם כֵּן צָרִיךְ מֵימַר וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל. Rebbi Aqiba certainly explains both verses. How does Rebbi Eliezer explain “do not take gleanings from your vineyard”? So you should not say that, since the poor have no rights before harvest time, the proprietor acquired rights to them151That the owner of the vineyard could come and take all the unripe gleanings for himself before harvest time., it is necessary to say “do not take gleanings from your vineyard152Anytime before, during, and after the harvest..”