משנה: כָּל־זַיִת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שֵׁם בַּשָּׂדֶה אֲפִילוּ כְזַיִת הַנְּטוּפָה בְשַׁעְתּוֹ וּשְכָחוֹ אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. בְּמַה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּשְׁמוֹ וּבְמַעֲשָׂיו וּבִמְקוֹמוֹ. בִּשְׁמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה שָׁפְכָּנִי אוֹ בֵּישָׁנִי. בְּמַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַרְבֵּה. בִּמְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַגַּת אוֹ בְצַד הַפִּרְצָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל־הַזֵּיתִים שְׁנַיִם שִׁכְחָה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֵינָן שִׁכְחָה. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אֵין שִׁכְחָה לַזֵּיתִים. MISHNAH: Every olive tree that has a special name on the field, for example “a dripping olive tree1Maimonides identifies this as “from Beth Netofa (in Galilee);” then it should be vocalized נְטוֹפָה. But the form נְטִיפָה in the Halakhah requires נְטוּפָה here. The addition “in its time” can only mean that the olives start dripping even on the tree, at the end of the growing season, for a short time every year.” in its time, if it was forgotten, is not subject to the law of the forgotten sheaf. When does this apply? For its name, its production, and its place. By its name, if it was dripping2Literally, “pouring” or “from a town Shipkoun”. or from Beth Shean. By its production, if it produced much. By its place, if it stood next to the wine-press or near a hole in the wall. For all other olive trees, two are subject to the law of the forgotten sheaf, three are not. Rebbi Yose says, there is no law of the forgotten sheaf for olive trees.
הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי לָא כְּתִיב וְשָׁכַחְתָּ עוֹמֶר בַּשָּׂדֶה עוֹמֶר שֶׁאַתְּ שׁוֹכְחוֹ לְעוֹלָם יָצָא זֶה שֶׁאַתְּ זוֹכְרוֹ לְאַחַר זְמָן. HALAKHAH: Rebbi La said, it is written (Deuteronomy.24.19">Deut. 24:19): “You will forget a sheaf on the field,” a sheaf you forget forever; this excludes one you certainly will remember after some time3Because it has a specific name or property..
רִבִי יִרְמְיָה בְּעִי הָיָה מְסוּייָם בְּדַעְתּוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁהוּא מְסוּייָם. הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּצֵל הַדֶּקֶל הַדֶּקֶל מְסַייְמוֹ הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן נְטוּפָה זֶה מְסַַיֵים אֶת זֶה וְזֶה מְסַיֵים אֶת זֶה. הָֽיְתָה כָל־שָׂדֵהוּ נְטוּפָה נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אֵין שִׁכְחָה לַזֵּיתִים. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר יָקִים לֹא אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֶלָּא בָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ הַזֵּתִים מְצוּיִין שֶׁבָּא אַדְרִייָנוּס הָרָשָׁע וְהֶחֱרִיב אֶת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ. אֲבָל עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁהַזֵּיתִים מְצוּיִין יֵשׁ לָהֶן שִׁכְחָה. Rebbi Jeremiah asked: If it was marked in his mind, is it as if it were marked4If the olive grower gave the tree a private name in his mind, is that as good as a publicly known name (or, at least, a name known to his workers).? If it stood in the shadow5Maimonides (Mattenot Aniïm 5:24) reads בצד “next to”, which probably is the correct reading. of a date palm, the date palm marks it. If two of them were dripping, each of them marks the other6These three cases are agreed on; the question is about the next case.. If the entire field was of dripping olive trees? Let us hear from the following: “Rebbi Yose says, there is no law of the forgotten sheaf for olives.” Rebbi Simeon bar Yaqim7An Amora of the third generation, student of R. Joḥanan and colleague of R. Eleazar, mentioned as R. Simeon bar Elyaqim in the Babli. said, Rebbi Yose said this only in former times when olives were scarce because Hadrian, the evil one, had come and devastated the entire land8In the war of Bar Kokhba.. But today when olive trees are everywhere, they are under the law of the forgotten sheaf.
שָׁפְכָּנִי נוֹטֵף שֶׁמֶן. וְהָתַנִּינָן נְטִיפָה אֶלָּא שֶׁהִיא עוֹשָׂה שֶׁמֶן הַרְבֶּה. וְהָֽתְנָן בְּמַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַרְבֵּה. אֶלָּא שָׁפְכּוֹנִי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה שֶׁמֶן הַרְבֶּה. נְטוּפָה נוֹטֵף שֶׁמֶן. מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה הַרְבֶּה. שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה זֵתִים הַרְבֶּה. בֵּישָׁנִי אִית דִּבְעִי מֵימָר בֵּישָׁנִי מַמָּשׁ. אִית דִּבְעִי מֵימָר דְּהוּא מַבְעִית לְחַבְרֵיהּ עַד דְּיַעֲבִיד אַרְבָּעָה כִיפְלֵיסִין כִּי הַהִיא דְּתַנֵּינָן תַּמָּן כָּל־עוֹמְרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה שֶׁל קַב קַב וְאֶחָד שֶׁל אַרְבַּעַת קַבִּין וּשְׁכָחוֹ. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה יוֹתֵר מֵחֲבֵירוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁהוּא מְסוּיָם. עַד דְּיַעֲבִיד כָּל־שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה. וּמִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה רוּבָּן שֶׁל שָׁנִים כְּמִי שֶׁהוּא מְסוּייָם. Šofkānī drips oil. But did we not state “dripping,” so it must be that it yields much oil. But did we not state: “By its production, if it yields a lot.” So, Šofkānī9Root שפך “to pour out.” yields much oil. Nĕṭūfah10Root נטף “to drip.” drips oil. Its production, it yields a lot, viz., it produces a lot of olives. Bês̄ānī, some say, really from Beth She’an11Biblical בית שאן, Talmudic בישן.; some say, it puts the other trees to shame12Root בוש “ashamed,” taken in causative sense, “to put to shame.” by producing fourfold, similar to what we have stated: If all sheaves of the field are of one qab, except one which is of four qab and was forgotten. Since it produces more than others, it is considered marked. On condition that it produces every year? Since it produces most years it is considered marked.
בִּמְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַגַּת אוֹ בְצַד הַפִּרְצָה. מַתְנִיתָא דְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי דְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִין הֶבְקֵר עֲנִייִם הֶבְקֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא תַּמָּן דָּבָר תָּלוּשׁ בְּצַד דָּבָר מְחוּבָּר. בְּרַם הָכָא דָּבָר מְחוּבָּר בְּצַד דָּבָר מְחוּבָּר. “By its place, if it stood next to the wine-press or near a hole in the wall.” Is our Mishnah following the House of Shammai, since the House of Shammai say, property abandoned to the poor is abandoned13If the Mishnah did accept the ruling of the House of Shammai as generally accepted practice, it would be more than astonishing. However, the quote from the House of Shammai (Mishnah 6:1) seems to be wrong; it would have to be Mishnah 6:2: “The sheaf that was near a closure, a stack, cattle, or vessels; if it was forgotten, the House of Shammai say, it is not a forgotten sheaf, but the House of Hillel say, it is a forgotten sheaf.” In contrast, everybody seems to agree that an olive tree standing near a closure is not forgotten.? Rebbi Yose14The Amora. said, it is everybody’s opinion; there it is movable near immovable, here it is immovable near immovable.
רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אֵין שִׁכְחָה לְזֵיתִים. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יָקִים לֹא אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֶלָּא בָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ הַזֵּתִים מְצוּיִן שֶׁבָּא אַדְרִייָנוּס הָרָשָׁע וְהֶחֱרִיב אֶת כָּל הָאָרֶץ. אֲבָל עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁהַזֵּתִים מְצוּיִין יֵשׁ לָהֶן שִׁכְחָה. “15Repeated from above. Rebbi Yose says, there is no law of the forgotten sheaf for olives.” Rebbi Simeon bar Yaqim said, Rebbi Yose said this only in former times when olives were scarce because Hadrian, the evil one, had come and devastated the entire land. But today when olive trees are everywhere, they are under the law of the forgotten sheaf.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לֹא חִייֵב אָדָם שִׁכְחָה לְזֵתִים אֶלָּא רִבִי עֲקִיבָה דּוּ דָּרַשׁ אַחֲרֶיךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ. מֵעַתָּה אֵין שִׁכְחָה לְזֵתִים כְּרִבִי יוֹסֵי דְּלֹא דָּרַשׁ אַחֲרֶיךָ. הָתִיבוּן הֲרֵי עוֹמֶר שִׁכְחָה הֲרֵי לֹא כְתִיב אַחֲרֶיךָ. מִּכֵּיוָן שֶׁכְּתִיב לֹא תָשׁוּב לְקַחְתּוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁכְּתִיב אַחֲרֶיךָ. Rebbi Yose16The Amora. The reference here is to Halakhah 6:4 which specifically excludes single olives from the law of forgotten sheaves. The next reference to “Rebbi Yose” is to the Tanna. said, nobody applied the law of forgotten sheaves to olive trees except Rebbi Aqiba, for he drew inferences from “behind you, behind you.” Then there should be no “forgotten sheaf” for olive trees following Rebbi Yose who does not draw inferences from “behind you.17It says in Deuteronomy.24.20-21">Deut. 24:20–21: “If you shake your olive tree, do not pick single olives behind you; they shall be for the stranger, the orphan, and the widow. If you harvest your vineyard, do not pick unripe berries behind you; they shall be for the stranger, the orphan, and the widow.” Behind you must refer to things forgotten, since one harvests always in front of himself.” They objected, is not a sheaf subject to “forgotten sheaves”, and there it is not written “behind you.” Since it is written (Deuteronomy.24.19">Deut. 24:19): “Do not return to take it,” it is as if “behind you” were written there.
רִבִי יוֹנָה בְּעִי הָהֵן זַיִת נְטִיפָה הוֹאִיל וְהוּא מְסוּייָם עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֲפִילוּ הִתְחִיל בּוֹ כְּמִי שֶׁלֹּא הִתְחִיל בּוֹ. Rebbi Jonah had a problem18The problem refers to the next Mishnah which states that once one started to harvest an olive tree, even if it was marked by some of the peculiarities enumerated, it becomes subject to the law of forgotten sheaves. Rebbi Yose denies any applicability of that law to olive trees. Since practice does not follow R. Yose, the question is not resolved.: That dripping olive tree, since it is marked, in the opinion of Rebbi Yose even if he started with it it, should it be as if he had not started with it?