Jerusalem Talmud Niddah 2:5

משנה: מָשָׁל מָֽשְׁלוּ חֲכָמִים בָּאִשָּׁה. הַחֶדֶר וְהַפְּרוֹזֳדוֹד וְהָעֲלִייָה. דַּם הַחֶדֶר טְמֵאִים. נִמְצָא בַפְּרוֹזֳדוֹד סְפֵיקוֹ טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֶזְקָתוֹ מִן הַמָּקוֹר. MISHNAH: The Sages gave a simile about a woman’s anatomy: The room⁶⁸The uterus., the anteroom⁶⁹The vagina. The Babli version is פְּרוֹזְדּוֹר. Cf. Greek πρόθυρον “front door; porch”, also πρόσοδος “approach, onset; sexual intercourse”., and the upper floor⁷⁰The ovary. The Fallopian tubes leading from the ovary to the uterus in the Babli are called לוּל “staircase, chicken coop”.. The blood from the room is impure. If it is found in the anteroom it is impure even in the case of a doubt since it is presumed to come from the source⁷¹The walls of the room. The implication is that blood originating in the ovary or the tubes is pure..

הלכה: מָשָׁל מָֽשְׁלוּ חֲכָמִים בָּאִשָּׁה כול׳. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא. דַּם הַחֶדֶר טָמֵא וְדַם עֲלִייָה טָהוֹר. רַב יְהוּדָה בְשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. הַחֶדֶר לִפְנִים מִן הַפְּרוֹזֳדוֹד וְהָעֲלִייָה נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵי הַחֶדֶר עַד חֲצִי פְּרוֹזֳדוֹד וּפִיתְחָהּ שֶׁלָּעֲלִייָה פָּתוּחַ לַפְרוֹזֳדוֹד. רַב נַחְמָן בַּר רַב יִצְחָק שָׁאַל לְרַב חוּנָה. מַתְנִיתָא בְּשֶׁנִּמְצָא מִפֶּתַח עֲלִייָה וְלִפְנִים. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אִם בְּשֶׁנִּמְצָא מִפֶּתַח עֲלִייָה וְלִפְנִים בְּוַדַּאי הִיא. אֶלָּא כֵן אֲנָן קַייָמִין. בְּשֶׁנִּמְצָא מִפֶּתַח עֲלִייָה וְלַחוּץ. מִילֵּיהוּן דְּרַבָּנִן פְּלִיגִין. דָּמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵן שֶׁהֵן כְּסָפֵק וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָן כְּוַדַּאי. וְאֵילּוּ הֵן. הַמַּפֶּלֶת יָד חֲתוּכָה וְרֶגֶל חֲתוּכָה. וְשִׁילְיָא. וְדָם הַנִּמְצָא בַפְּרוֹזֳדוֹד. מָה אֲנָן קַייָמִין. אִם בְּשֶׁנִּמְצָא מִפֶּתַח עֲלִייָה וְלִפְנִים כְּוַדַּאי הִיא. אֶלָּא כֵן אֲנָן קַייָמִין. בְּשֶׁנְּמְצָא מִפֶּתַח עֲלִייָה וְלַחוּץ. רִבִּי אַבָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי פַּפַּי בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּנִינָן כַּמָּה סְפִיקוֹת וְאַתְּ אָמַר הָכֵין. אָמַר לֵיהּ מַה דָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּאִשָּׁה. HALAKHAH: “The Sages gave a simile about a woman’s anatomy,” etc. So is the Mishnah: The blood from the room is impure but the blood from the upper floor is pure⁷²The second part of the Mishnah would be superfluous if all blood in the genital apparatus were impure.. Rav Jehudah in the name of Samuel: The room is inwards from the anteroom; the upper floor is over the room up to the middle of the anteroom, the door of the upper floor opens to the anteroom⁷³It is not known what is the source of anatomical knowledge in Babylonian medical schools. The anatomy of Palestinian authors seems to be derived from lost Roman sources; it is reported (Niddah.30b">Babli 30b, Niddah 4:8" href="/Tosefta_Niddah.4.8">Tosephta 4:17) that the slave girls who had helped with Cleopatra’s suicide were delivered to Roman doctors who made them pregnant and then killed them in various stages of pregnancy to study the development of the fetus.
In the Niddah.17b">Babli, 17b, the statement is credited to the school of Rav Huna.. Rav Naḥman bar Rav Isaac asked Rav Huna: Does the Mishnah [deal with the case that blood was found] inwards of the door of the upper floor⁷⁴Does the presumption of impurity of the blood presuppose proof that it is unlikely to come from the tubes?? He said to him, if it was found inwards of the door of the upper floor it is certainly [impure]. But we deal with the case that it was found outwards from the door of the upper floor⁷⁵Therefore, the blood is treated as probably, but not certainly, impure. If the woman touched heave, the heave would be in limbo, could not be used nor be burned before it spoils.. The words of the rabbis disagree, since Rebbi Joḥanan said, three are like a doubt but they treated them as certain, viz., the following: A woman who has a miscarriage in the form of a cut-off hand or cut-off foot⁷⁶Niddah 3:1:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Niddah.3.1.1">Mishnah 3:1. If the miscarriage produces something that does not look at all like a human fetus, one might think that it was questionable whether there really had been a pregnancy and there should be no pure period but this is treated like a birth and the woman becomes impure (as for a female) and subsequently pure (as for a male)., or a placenta⁷⁷An empty placenta is treated as sign of a birth even if it was not preceded by any child, Niddah 3:4:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Niddah.3.4.1">Mishnah 3:4., and blood found in the anteroom⁷⁸The case of the Mishnah here. According to R. Joḥanan, heave becomes certainly impure and has to be burned immediately. In the Niddah.17b">Babli, 17b, the disagreement between the Babylonian Rav Huna and the Galilean R. Joḥanan is quoted as one between the Babylonian Rav Qaṭina (a colleague of Rav Huna) and the Galilean R. Ḥiyya (the Elder).. What are we speaking of? If it was found inwards of the door of the upper floor it is certainly [impure]. But we must deal with the case that it was found outwards from the door of the upper floor. Rebbi Abba the son of Rebbi Pappaios asked before Rebbi Yose: We have stated many doubts⁷⁹There are many more Mishnaiot (partially enumerated in the Niddah.18a">Babli, 18a) in which cases of impurity are resolved by rabbinic rules without all the facts being known which would allow a factual determination. Why does R. Joḥanan count only three? and you say so? He said to him, Rebbi Joḥanan spoke only of a woman⁸⁰The same answer in the Niddah.18a">Babli, 18a..