משנה: עָצִיץ נָקוּב מְקַדֵּשׁ בַּכֶּרֶם וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר זֶה וְזֶה אֲסוּרִין וְאֵינָן מְקַדְּשִין. הַמַּעֲבִיר עָצִיץ נָקוּב בַּכֶּרֶם אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם אָסוּר. MISHNAH: A flower pot with a hole sanctifies in a vineyard77(Mishnah 8 in the separate Mishnah). A flower pot with a hole is part of the earth, Mishnah Demay 5:10., but one without a hole does not sanctify. Rebbi Simeon says, both are forbidden but neither one sanctifies78The Halakhah will explain that R. Simeon does not recognize any difference between flower pots with or without holes, except that he treats food grown in a pot with a hole like food grown on a field with respect to the laws of ritual impurities.. If a flower pot with a hole is temporarily put in a vineyard, if it grew by one twohundreth it is forbidden79Cf. Mishnah 5:6..
הלכה: תַּנֵּי אֵין בֵּין עָצִיץ נָקוּב לְעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֶלָּא הֶכְשֵׁר זְרָעִים בִּלְבַד. כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרַם כְּרַבָּנִין אִית חוֹרָנִין. עָצִיץ נָקוּב מְקַדֵּשׁ בַּכֶּרֶם וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵעָצִיץ נָקוּב חַייָב מִשֶּׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב פָּטוּר. עָצִיץ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים וּשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר לָהּ סְתָם. רִבִי חֲנִינָא מָטֵי בָהּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק הַתּוֹרָה רִיבָת מִטָּהֳרַת זְרָעִים. מָה טַעַם. וְכִי יִפּוֹל מִנִּבְלָתָם עַל כָּל־זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ טָהוֹר הוּא. HALAKHAH: It was stated: “The only difference between a flower pot without a hole and one with a hole regards preparation for impurity.” That is for Rebbi Simeon80In the Babli, Šabbat 95a/b, this is a statement explicitly attributed to R. Simeon., but for the rabbis there are others: A flower pot with a hole sanctifies in a vineyard, one without a hole does not. He who plucks from a flower pot with a hole is guilty, from one without a hole he is free from punishment81Mishnah Šabbat 10:7. Harvesting on the Sabbath is a criminal offense but one cannot harvest plants that do not grow on the earth. Plucking a plant from a pot without a hole is forbidden but cannot be cause for criminal prosecution. The Mishnah states that R. Simeon excludes prosecution in both cases.. A flower pot with a hole cannot prepare plants, one without a hole prepares82Food can become impure only after the harvest and only after having been wetted, cf. Demay Chapter 2, Note 141. A plant in a pot with hole is a plant in the earth and nothing can make it prepared for impurity at this stage. A plant in a pot without hole is already harvested since it can be plucked on the Sabbath without fear of prosecution; if it is watered, it becomes subject to possible impurity.. Rebbi Yose referred to it as anonymous statement, Rebbi Ḥanina quoted it in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac: The Torah extended the purity of growing plants (Lev. 11:37): “If any of their cadavers falls on any sown seed apt to be sown, it is pure83This explains why R. Simeon agrees with the rabbis that a flower pot with hole is immune from impurity and is not comparable to a pot with hole: The verse insists that anything sown in any way acceptable in agriculture is pure..”
תַּנֵּי עָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב מַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו [כַּ]הֲלָכָה וּתְרוּמָתוֹ אֵינָהּ מְדַמָּעַת וְאֵין חַייָבִין עָלֶיהָ חוֹמֶשׁ. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בָּעֵי מַהוּ לוֹמַר עַל פִּיתּוֹ הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בָּעֵי כֵּן דְּלַעַת כְּתָלוּשׁ הוּא לְסַכֵּךְ בָּהּ. רִבִּי יוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי בָּעֵי נָטַע חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים בַּחֲמִשָׁה עֲצִיצִין שֶׁאֵינָן נְקוּבִין וַעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם וְאַחַת יוֹצֵא זָנָב אַתְּ אָמַר כֶּרֶם הוּא. הֹפְכוֹ וְיֵשׁ כֶּרֶם מִיטַּלְטֵל. It was stated: “The tithes from a flower pot without hole are of practice84Rabbinic practice, not biblical commandment. If symbolic heave from such a pot is mixed with profane food, it does not create dema‘ (cf. Demay Chap. 4, Note 27) and if it is eaten in error by a non-Cohen, only 100%, not 125%, has to be returned (Lev. 22:14)., its heave does not create dema‘ and one does not owe a fifth for it.” Rebbi Yose asked: May one say “He Who created bread from the earth” for it85What is the appropriate benediction for bread made from flour from grain not grown “on the earth”?? Rebbi Jonah asked: Is a gourd considered plucked that one may use it as the cover [of a sukkah]86A hut for the feast of Tabernacles has to be covered by material “not subject to impurity and grown from the earth” (Mishnah Sukkah 1:4). As noted in the preceding paragraph, the majority opinion is that plants growing in a pot without a hole are subject to impurity; the question can be asked only according to R. Simeon.? Rebbi Judah bar Pazi asked: If somebody planted five vines in five pots without holes and arranged them two parallel two and one as tail, can you say this is a vineyard? He may rearrange, does there exist a movable vineyard87Since the vines can be rearranged, they cannot be considered a vineyard. This is the only question that is answered.?
שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר בְּמַעֲבִיר תַּחַת כָּל־גֶּפֶן וַגֶּפֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לַאֲוֵיר עֲשָׂרָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. Samuel said, put under any vine. Rebbi Joḥanan said, the Mishnah deals within ten [hand-breadths]88This starts the discussion of the last sentence in the Mishnah, about a flower pot temporarily put into a vineyard. Samuel said there is a potential for sanctification only if the flower pot is directly under a vine. If the pot is moved from one vine to the other but all the time is under one of them, there is sanctification if the plants in the pot grew by one half of one percent..
הֶעֱבִיר חֲמִשָּׁה עֲצִיצִין שֶׁאֵינָן נְקוּבִין תַּחַת גֶּפֶן אַחַת תַּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרִבִּי לָֽעְזָר וְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הָאוֹסֵר אֵינוֹ נֶאֱסָר וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר. אֲבָל אִם הֶעֱבִיר עָצִיץ אֶחָד תַּחַת חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים כָּל־עָמָּא מוֹדֵיי שֶׁהָאוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר. If one put five flower pots without holes under one vine, one has the disagreement between Rebbi Eleazar and Rebbi Joḥanan89Halakhah 4, Notes 56 ff. The argument is not as simple as represented here: If the plants in the aggregate of five pots increase by 0.5% then at least in one pot the increase must be ≥ 0.5%. That pot will certainly be forbidden. The only question is whether the five are considered as a unit or not. In the latter case, the grapes will be forbidden but part of the grain will be permitted, still a paradoxical situation.: what makes forbidden is not forbidden and what is not forbidden will be forbidden? But if a single pot was placed temporarily under five different vines, everybody agrees that what makes forbidden will be forbidden88This starts the discussion of the last sentence in the Mishnah, about a flower pot temporarily put into a vineyard. Samuel said there is a potential for sanctification only if the flower pot is directly under a vine. If the pot is moved from one vine to the other but all the time is under one of them, there is sanctification if the plants in the pot grew by one half of one percent..