משנה: חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בְּכֶרֶם עָמוֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרוֹחָב אַרְבָּעָה. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר אִם הָיָה מְפֻלָּשׁ מֵרֹאשׁ הַכֶּרֶם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה נִרְאֶה כְבֵין שְׁנֵי כְרָמִים זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכוֹ וְאִם לָאו הֲרֵי הוּא כְגַת. הַגַּת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם עֲמוּקָה עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. שׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וּרְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ וְאִם הָיָה סֵעָר כּוֹתֵשׁ אָסוּר. גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בְגַת אוֹ בְנֶקַע נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר אִם אֵין שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. וְהַבַּיִת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם זוֹרְעִין אוֹתוֹ. MISHNAH: A ditch that crosses a vineyard, ten hand-breadths deep and four wide. Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob said, if it is open from one side of the vineyard to the opposite side it appears to be between two vineyards; one sows in it. Otherwise, it is like a vat41In Biblical Hebrew, גת denotes the winepress. In Mishnaic Hebrew, it may denote a winepress, the time of wine making, and the big vat into which the grape juice flows from the press, as well as any vat of similar size. Here, גת denotes the depression in which grapes are temporarily stored before being transported to the winepress.. If a vat in the vineyard is ten deep and four wide, one sows in it, the words of Rebbi Eliezer; but the Sages forbid it42As a matter of principle, a vertical distance of 10 hand-breadths creates a separate domain. If the domain is at least 4 hand-breadths wide, it can stand on its own (Mishnah Eruvin 7:2–5.) The Sages forbid planting if the separate low domain is “jailed” by the surrounding vines. In the case of an elevated mound, they consider it “jailed” only if branches of vines reach the top of the mound (R. David ben Zimra on Maimonides, Kilaim 7:20).. On a watchman’s mound in a vineyard that is ten hand-breadths high and four wide one may sow; but if hair was pressing down43If vine leaves touch the ground on the hill; cf. Mishnah and Halakhah Peah 2:3., it is forbidden.
For a vine planted in a depression or in a cleft one allows the area needed for tending it and one sows the rest. Rebbi Yose said, if there are less than four cubits one should not bring seeds there56Any area that does not contain a square of four by four cubits is not considered a separate domain; it would remain part of the vineyard.. A house in a vineyard may be sown57A place surrounded by four walls and having a dirt floor. The walls separate between anything growing inside and the vines outside; no minimal distance has to be kept between vines and walls..
הלכה: עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מְבָרֵיק כְּדֵי הוּא וַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ מִן מַה דְתַנֵּי מוֹדִין חֲכָמִים לְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב בְּחָרִיץ מְבָרֵיק כְּדֵי הוּא וַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ. הֲוֵי כֵן רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב סָבַר מֵימַר אֲפִילוּ אֵינוֹ מְבָרֵיק כְּדֵי הוּא וַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ. מַה פְלִיגִין כְּשֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת מִיכָּן וּשְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת מִיכָּן. אֲבָל אִם הָֽיְתָה שׁוּרָה אַחַת מִיכָּן וְשׁוּרָה אַחַת מִיכָּן מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ כְּנֶגֶד שֶׁלֹשׁ גְּפָנִים בָּטֵל הַכֶּרֶם. HALAKHAH: Unless it separates44Reading מבריק as equivalent of Biblical and Babylonian מפרק “disassembles.” it and the area needed to tend it45The Sages require either six hand-breadths or four cubits free of growth on either side of the ditch, to separate the vines and their working spaces from other growth., since we have stated: “The Sages agree with Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob in the case of a ditch that separates it and the area needed to tend it.” Hence, Rebbi Eliezer thinks that even if it does not separate it from the area needed to tend it. When do they disagree? If there are two rows on each side46Then on each side, there is a vineyard. But if the ditch separates two single rows, none of which is a vineyard on its own, even the Sages will agree that the ditch deep 10 is enough to separate them.. But if there was only one row on either side, once it reaches three vines there no longer is a vineyard47If the two (parallel) rows did form a vineyard, if afterwards the ditch is dug and separates six vines, three in each row, they no longer form a vineyard..
תַּנֵּי פָּחוֹת מִיכֵּן אָסוּר. דִּלָ כֵן מַה אֲנָן אָֽמְרִין עֲשָׂרָה אָסוּר תִּשְׁעָה לֹא כָּל־שֶׁכֵּן. אֶלָּא מַהוּ פָּחוֹת מִיכֵּן לְרוֹחָב דִּלָ כֵן מַה אֲנָן אָֽמְרִין יֵעָשֶׂה כְסָתוּם וּתְהֵא מוּתָּר. וְיֵעָשֶׂה כְסָתוּם וִיהֵא מוּתָּר. לֹא כֵן תַּנֵּי שָׁרָשֵׁי פֵּיאָה נִכְנָסִין לְתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם. לְמַטָּה מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ מוּתָּרִין. שַׁנְייָא הִיא שֶׁאֲוֵיר הַכֶּרֶם מַקִּיף. אָמַר לָהֶן רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אֵין אַתֶּם מוֹדִין לִי שֶׁעָמוֹק כְּגָבוֹהַּ אֶלָּא רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר מוֹדֶה לְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן שֶׁאֲוֵיר הַכֶּרֶם מַקִּיף. מִסְתַּבְּרָא יַעֲקֹב. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב לֹא יוֹדֵי לְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר יוֹדֵי לְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב שֶׁעָמוֹק כְּגָבוֹהַּ. רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב לֹא יוֹדֵי לְרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר שֶׁאֲוֵיר הַכֶּרֶם מַקִּיף. It was stated48In a baraita stating the position of the Sages as opposed to R. Eliezer ben Jacob.: “Less than that is forbidden.” Without it, would we not have said that ten is forbidden, so much more nine? But what does it mean that “less is forbidden?” Would we not say that it becomes as if closed and would be permitted? It should become as if closed and be permitted; was it not stated49Tosephta Kilaim 4:11. The passage already was quoted in Halakhah 1:8, cf. Chapter 1, Note 159.: “Roots crossing a symbolic fence and entering within four cubits of a vineyard are permitted if they are deeper than three hand-breadths?” There is a difference, because the air50Greek ἀήρ. of the vineyard surrounds51The Tosephta deals with plants outside the vineyard whose roots penetrate the area reserved for tending the vineyard. Here we are dealing with a ditch inside the vineyard where the rules are stricter.. Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob said to them: Do you not agree that depth is like height52Why do the Sages agree that the mound may be sown but the ditch may not? R. Eliezer ben Jacob will forbid sowing on the mound unless it extends from one side of the vineyard to the other. He also disagrees with R. Eliezer (ben Hyrkanos) because the vat does not divide the entire vineyard.? Only that the air of the vineyard surrounds. It is reasonable to think that Rebbi Eliezer agrees with Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob but Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob does not agree with Rebbi Eliezer. Rebbi Eliezer agrees with Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob that depth is like height. Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob does not agree with Rebbi Eliezer because the air of the vineyard surrounds.
רִבִּי חִייָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם חָלָל ארבע. אָמַר רַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק הָדָא דְתֵימַר בַּעֲגוֹלָה אֲבָל בִּמְרוּבָּעַת אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם חָלָל אַרְבָּעָה. רִבִּי חֲלַפְתָּא בֶּן שָׁאוּל אָמַר צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים עָפָר מִלְּמַעֲלָן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי הָדָא דְתֵימַר בַּעֲגוֹלָה אֲבָל בִּמְרוּבָּעַת אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים עָפָר מִלְּמַעֲלָה. Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It is necessary that there be an empty space of four hand-breadths. Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac said, that is, if it is round54As Maimonides explains, given the direction of the rows of vines, a round mound has the required size only at its diameter, but the lengths of the parallel chords go to zero and there is no separation at the circumference. For the same reason, a circular mound needs a dirt wall around the seeds.. But if it is square, it does not need an empty space of four hand-breadths. Rebbi Ḥalaphta ben Shaul said55The Rome ms. reads: “R. Ḥalaphta ben Shaul stated…” Since the author belongs to the generation between Tannaïm and Amoraïm, both readings are acceptable., it needs three hand-breadths of dirt on top. Rebbi Yose said, that is, if it is round. But if it is square, it does not need three hand-breadths of dirt on top.
מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה וְעַד אַרְבָּעָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה כְסָתוּם. מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה וְעַד אַרְבָּעָה מַשְׁלִים. אַרְבָּעָה זֹרֵעַ מִיָּד. The Mishnah deals with the case from three to four [hand-breadths]. With less than three it is closed; from three to four one has to complete, four one may sow immediately58The depression or cleft has to be at least three hand-breadths wide, otherwise one may easily step over it and it can be disregarded. If the width w is between three and four hand-breadths, one has to leave on either side an empty strip (4-w)/2 hand-breadths wide. If the cleft is four wide, one may sow in it up to the wall; the six hand-breadths used to tend the seeds are only needed as lengthwise separation between the vine and the seeds (R. Simson)..
רִבִּי אָבִין בְּשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל וּבְבָתֵּי כְלָאִים הוּחְבָּאוּ. בַּיִת שְׁמַּחְבִּיאִין בּוֹ אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם. Rebbi Abin in the name of Samuel (Is. 42:22): “They were hidden in jail houses,” where one hides from kilaim59This refers to the last sentence of the Mishnah, that a house protects from kilaim. The Talmud identifies the roots כלא “to restrain, keep back” (Arabic كلأ) and כלא (Arabic كلا) “double”. (R. Simson reads: “R. Samuel in the name of R. Abin”; but then it would have to read: R. Samuel R. Abbahu.).