Jerusalem Talmud Bikkurim 3:1

משנה: כֵּיצַד מַפְרִישִׁין אֶת הַבִּיכּוּרִין. יוֹרֵד אָדָם לְתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְרוֹאֶה תְאֵינָה שֶׁבִּיכֵּירָה אֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁבִּיכֵּר רִימּוֹן שֶׁבִּיכֵּר קוֹשְׁרָן בְגֶמִי וְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי אֶלּוּ בִּיכּוּרִים. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזֶּה כֵן חוֹזֵר וְקוֹרֵא אוֹתָם בִּיכּוּרִין מֵאַחַר שֶׁיִּתָּֽלְשׁוּ מִן הַקַּרְקַע. MISHNAH: How does one designate First Fruits? A person comes into his field and there sees an early ripening fig, an early ripening bunch of grapes, an early ripening pomegranate; he binds them with bast and says, “these are First Fruits.” Rebbi Simeon says, nevertheless he repeats and calls them First Fruits after they have been separated from the ground.

הלכה: כֵּיצַד מַפְרִישִׁין אֶת הַבִּיכּוּרִין כול׳. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לֹא קָרָא שֵׁם בְּתָלוּשׁ לֹא קִידְּשׁוּ אֵינָן מְדַמְּעִין אֵין חַייָב עֲלֵיהֶן חוֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֶן חוּץ לַחוֹמָה. מַה טַעֲמָא דְּרַבָּנִין. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה הֵבֵאתִי אֶת רֵאשִׁית פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. בִּשְׁעַת הֲבָאָה פֶּרִי אַף בִּשְׁעַת הַפְרָשָׁה. אֲפִילוּ בוֹסֵר אֲפִילוּ פַגִּים. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַה בִּשְׁעַת הֲבָאָה פֶּרִי אַף בִּשְׁעַת הַפְרָשָׁה פֶּרִי. HALAKHAH: “How does one designate First Fruits? Etc.” In the opinion of Rebbi Simeon, if he did not call them when they were picked they are not sanctified, they do not create dema‘¹If they are mixed with profane fruits and are unrecognizable, the mixture is permitted to laymen., one is not required to add a fifth²If misappropriated, the amount of restitution has to be 100%, not 125%., and one is not whipped for them outside the wall³If eaten outside the city walls of Jerusalem.. What is the reason of the rabbis? (Deut. 26:10) “Now, behold, I brought the first of the fruits of the earth.” At the moment of presentation it must be a fruit, but also at the moment of dedication? Even unripe grapes, even unripe figs! In the opinion of Rebbi Simeon, since at the moment of presentation it must be a fruit, so also at the moment of dedication it must be a fruit.

רִבִּי זְעִירָא בָּעֵי. בִּיכּוּרֵי יִיחוּר מַהוּ שֶׁיַּתִירוּ חֲנָטוֹ. Rebbi Zeïra asked: Do First Fruits of a grafted branch permit what is budding⁴If a grafted branch produces already recognizable fruits while the tree stump only has buds, does designating a fruit from the graft prevent you from designating later a fruit of the original tree? The question is not answered since it is not relevant in real-life agriculture.?

תַּנֵּי הַבִּיכּוּרִים אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. רֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תְּרוּמָה טְמֵיאָה אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל הַבִּיכּוּרִים אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. פֵּיאָה אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. רֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תְּרוּמָה טְמֵיאָה אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תְּרוּמָה שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים מַקְפִּידִין עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים. מַה אִית לָךְ. כְּגוֹן תְּרוּמַת הַכְּלֵיסִין וְהֶחָרוּבִין וּשְׂעוֹרִין שֶׁבְּאֶדּוֹם. It was stated: First Fruits one in sixty⁵This statement, that First Fruits have to be 1⅔% of the entire harvest, is accepted by Maimonides (Bikkurim2:17) as rabbinic rule, even though it contradicts the statement of Talmud Peah that First Fruits have no rabbinic measure. It is probable that this includes not only First Fruits but also their “decorations” (Mishnah 9).. The first of shearings, one in sixty⁶In the Babli, Ḥulin 137b, this is the opinion of Samuel only.. Impure heave, one in sixty⁷Tosephta Terumot 5:6.. Rebbi Ismael⁸In the Tosephta (Note 7): R. Ismael from Shezur and R. Simeon. stated: First Fruits one in sixty. Peah one in sixty⁹Mishnah Peah 1:2.. The first of shearings, one in sixty. Impure heave, one in sixty. Heave for which the Cohanim do not care¹⁰‘Orlah 2, Note 64., one in sixty. What do you have? E. g., the heave of kelesin¹¹Cf. Terumot 11, Note 60; Ma‘serot 2, Note 134., carob, and red barley.