משנה: יֵשׁ בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בְּבִיכּוּרִים. שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר אוֹסְרִין אֶת הַגּוֹרֶן וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן שִׁיעוּר וְנוֹהֲגִין בְּכָל־הָפֵּירוֹת בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וּשְׁלֹא בִפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וּבָאֲרִיסִין וּבֶחָכוֹרוֹת וּבַסִּיקָרִיקוֹן וּבַגּוֹזְלָן. הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ בִתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בְּבִיכּוּרִין. יֵשׁ בְּבִיכּוּרִין מַה שֶׁאֵין בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר. שֶׁהַבִּיכּוּרִים נִקְנִין בִּמְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע עוֹשֶׂה אָדָם כָּל־שָׂדֵהוּ בִּיכּוּרִים וְחַייָב בְּאַחֵרָיוּתָם וּטְעוּנִין קָרְבָּן וְשִׁיר וּתְנוּפָה וְלִינָה. תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שָׁוָה לַבִּיכּוּרִים בִּשְׁתֵּי דְּרָכִים וְלַתְּרוּמָה בִשְׁתֵּי דְּרָכִים. נִיטֶּלֶת מִן הַטְּהוֹרָה עַל הַטְּמֵאָה וְשֶׁלֹּא מִן הַמּוּקָּף כְּבִיכּוּרִים. וְאוֹסֵר אֶת הַגּוֹרֶן וְיֵשׁ לָהּ שִׁיעוּר כִּתְרוּמָה. MISHNAH: Some rules apply to heave and tithe but not to First Fruits since heave and tithe forbid on the threshing floor113Once grain has been threshed and cleaned, one may not eat from it unless heave and tithes were separated. For produce other than grain, the equivalents of the threshing floor are defined in Ma‘serot, Chap. 1., they have a fixed measure114Tithes by biblical decree, heave by rabbinic standard., apply to all produce115By rabbinic standard for all produce except grain, wine, and olive oil., are due whether the Temple exists or not, and apply to sharecroppers, tenant farmers, sicarii, and robbers. They apply to heave and tithe but not to First Fruits116Cf. Bikkurim 1:7:2" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bikkurim.1.7.2">Mishnah 1:2..
Some rules apply to First Fruits but not to heave and tithe. For First Fruits acquire [hallowed status] when connected to the ground, a person may dedicate his entire field as First Fruits, he is responsible for them, and they need a sacrifice, song, weaving, and staying overnight.
Heave of the tithe is similar to First Fruits in two ways and to heave in two ways. It may be taken from pure for impure and from produce not earmarked, like First Fruits126This is explained in Terumot 2:1:3-4" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Terumot.2.1.3-4">Terumot 2:1, Notes 7–15.. It forbids the threshing floor118First tithe, which cannot be consumed unless heave of the tithe is given. The sentence is from Ḥallah 1:4, Note 123. and it has a measure like heave127The required amount for heave of the tithe is 1% by biblical decree and that of heave is between 2.5% and 1⅔% by rabbinic usage..
הלכה: נִיחָא הַתְּרוּמָה אוֹסֶרֶת אֶת הַגּוֹרֶן. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁהִקְדִּימוֹ בְּשִׁבֳּלִים. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשוֹן שֶׁהִקְדִּימוֹ בְּשִׁבֳּלִים פָּטוּר מִתְּרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה. HALAKHAH: It is true that heave makes the threshing floor forbidden117Since heave must be given first, the obligation of heave is the one which triggers the prohibition. It is true that the obligation of heaves may stop the prohibition from being lifted, but can tithes anywhere trigger the obligation as implied in the formulation “makes forbidden”?? Explain it if he gave it118First tithe, which cannot be consumed unless heave of the tithe is given. The sentence is from Ḥallah 1:4, Note 123. early, from ears, as Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: First Tithe given early, from ears, is free from [the obligation of] great heave.
נִיקְנִין בִּמְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע דִּכְתִּיב בִּכּוּרֵי כָּל־אֲשֶׁר בְּאַרְצָם. “They acquire [hallowed status] connected to the ground”, as it is written (Numbers.18.13">Num. 18:13): “The First Fruits of anything on their land.”
עוֹשֶׂה אָדָם אֶת כָּל־שָׂדֵהוּ בִּכּוּרִים. דִּכְתִיב וְרֵאשִׁית כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל. “A person may dedicate his entire field as First Fruits.” As it is written (Ezekiel.44.30">Ez. 44:30): “The first of all First Fruits of everything.”
וְחַייָבִין בְּאַחֵרָיוּתָן דִּכְתִּיב רֵאשִׁית בִּכּוּרֵי אַדְמָֽתְךָ. “One is responsible for them,” for it is written (Exodus.23.19">Ex. 23:19): “The beginning of the First Fruits of your land.119Cf. Bikkurim 1:7:1" href="/Jerusalem_Talmud_Bikkurim.1.7.1">Mishnah 1:9.”
וּטְעוּנִין קָרְבָּן. נֶאֱמַר כָּאן שִׂמְחָה וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן שִׂמְחָה. מַה שִׂמְחָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְהַלָּן שְׁלָמִים אַף כָּאן שְׁלָמִים. “And they need a sacrifice.” Joy is mentioned here and elsewhere. Since joy there means a well-being sacrifice, so joy mentioned here means a well-being sacrifice120It is written about First Fruits (Deuteronomy.26.11">Deut. 26:11): “Enjoy all the good things the Eternal gave to you and your house,” and it is written about holidays of pilgrimage (Deuteronomy.16.15">Deut. 16:15): “You should certainly enjoy.” Since a pilgrimage requires both an elevation offering and a well-being offering, the enjoyment of the holiday means eating the meat of the well-being offering..
וְשִׁיר. נֶאֱמַר כָּאן שִׁיר וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן וְהִנְּךָ לָהֶם כְּשִׁיר עֲגָבִים. “And song.” Song is mentioned here and it is said there (Ezekiel.33.32">Ez. 33:32): “Behold, you are for them like an erotic song.121As it stands, the text is unintelligible. R. Isaac Simponti and after him R. Simson of Sens and Yalqut Šim‘oni Torah §938 read: נאמר כאן טוב ונאמר להלן יפה קול ומטיב נגן “it says here (Deuteronomy.26.11">Deut. 26:11) good things, and it is said there (Ezekiel.33.32">Ez. 33:32): “a beautiful voice and good in music.” Frequently only the first words of a verse are quoted while the reference is to another part of the verse.
Yalqut Šim‘oni Torah §938 adds another derivation which ostensibly is taken from Arakhin.11a">Babli Arakhin 11a but represents a text tradition quite different from the Venice Talmud text.”
וּתְנוּפָה. דִּכְתִיב וְלָקַח הַכֹּהֵן הַטֶּנֶא מִיָּדֶךָ וְהִנִּיחוֹ. לְרַבּוֹת הַבִּיכּוּרִין שֶׁיִּטְעֲנוּ תְנוּפָה כְּרִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב. “And weaving122The movements prescribed for presenting well-being offerings (Leviticus.7.30">Lev. 7:30) to the altar and for those public flour offerings (Leviticus.23.11">Lev. 23:11,Leviticus.23.17">17) which have to be presented.,” as it is written (Deuteronomy.26.4">Deut. 26:4) “The Cohen shall take the basket from your hand and deposit it123“And deposit it before the altar of the Eternal, your God.” This implies a presentation before the altar.,” to add that First Fruits require weaving, following Rebbi Eliezer ben Jacob124Quoted with the reasoning behind R. Eliezer ben Jacob’s statement in Sukkah.47b">Babli Sukkah 47b, Makkot.18b">Makkot 18b, Menaḥot 61a/b; Yalqut Šim‘oni Torah §938..
וְלִינָה. דִּכְתִּיב וּפָנִיתָ בַבּוֹקֶר וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאוֹהָלֶיךָ. הָא כָּל־הַפּוֹנוֹת שֶׁאַתָּה פוֹנֶה לֹא יְהוּ אֶלָּא בַבּוֹקֶר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה הָדָא דְתֵימַר בְּשֶׁאֵין עִמָּהֶן קָרְבָּן. אֲבָל יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶן קָרְבָּן בְּלֹא כָךְ טָעוּן לִינָה מַחְמַת הַקָּרְבָּן. “And staying overnight.” As it is written (Deuteronomy.16.7">Deut. 16:7): “In the morning, you may leave and return to your tent.” That is, all your leaving should only be in the morning125A baraita Sifry Deut. #134 states that this refers to bird sacrifices, as well as flour, wine, incense, and wood offerings. Whether all animal sacrifices need staying overnight is in dispute, in Sifry between R. Jehudah and the anonymous majority, in the Pesachim.95b">Babli (Pesaḥim 95b) between two different interpretations of what R. Jehudah meant. The argument of R. Jonah shows that he follows the anonymous majority in Sifry.. Rebbi Jonah said, that is only said if there is no sacrifice accompanying them. But if there is an accompanying sacrifice, without [that Mishnah] he needs to stay overnight because of the sacrifice.
רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר רִבִּי מַייְשָׁא וְחַד מִן רַבָּנִין. חַד מִינְהוֹן אָמַר זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת שֶהַפֵּירוֹת הַטְּמֵאִין חַייָבִין בְּבִיכּוּרִים. וְחָרָנָה אָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשוֹן שֶׁהִקְדִּימוֹ בַשִּׁיבֳּלִין פָּטוּר מִתְּרוּמָה גְדוֹלָה. Rebbi Jonah said, Rebbi Maisha and one of the rabbis. One said, this means that impure fruits are subject to First Fruits128But impure fruits cannot be brought to the Temple. Therefore, first fruits for presentation must be taken from pure fruits. and the other one said, first tithe given early, from ears, is free from [the obligation of] great heave118First tithe, which cannot be consumed unless heave of the tithe is given. The sentence is from Ḥallah 1:4, Note 123.129This explains how the heave of the tithe can cause the original prohibition of the use of threshed produce..