Two levels of Divine Providence
The first level of providence is associated with moral law, that is, good is rewarded and evil is punished. Moral laws also include, of course, repentance, forgiveness, mercy, grace, and so forth - that is, everything that comprises divine morality as we understand it.
Thus, the universe itself is essentially moral, created by God in such a way that moral law governs it. (This is discussed in more detail in Poetry of Being by Yosef ben Shlomo, Chapter 6, "The Moral Tendency of Being.")
Elohim, usually translated as "God" in the Torah, is associated with divine justice.
This will is determined not according to the balance of past and present moral criteria (merits, sins, mercy, gratitude), but according to the purpose of the universe, that ideal that we must attain in the world.
If the first kind of divine guidance - the providence founded on moral law - proceeds according to the state of the world and of people in the present moment; the second kind - the providence of the higher ideal - is founded on the goal that the world will attain in the future.
That is, the providence founded on the attainment of the ideal takes into account not only the past and present (the cause) but also the future (goal). In order for the world's future to be what God wishes it to be, certain processes take place in the present. The first type of providence is causative; the second is teleological.
The tetragrammaton, the name of God in four letters (haShem; usually written as YHWH in the Torah) is associated with the manifestation of the divine as the God of the Covenant, who transcends the law with His mercy, and whose relationship to humankind is at the highest level.
Connection with the preceding paragraph
It was noted earlier that what today is a cause for distress may in the future become the source of progress and joy. We must overcome distress caused by current circumstances by regarding those circumstances not in isolation, but as a link in the chain of past, present, and future. Then we will see that events and situations have not only a cause but also a purpose.